Solomon Editor ; Robert A. Scott Editor ; R. Over the past several decades there have been major advances in our ability to computationally evaluate the electronic structure of inorganic molecules, particularly transition metal systems. This advancement is due to the Moore's Law increase in computing power as well as the impact of density functional theory DFT andits implementation in commercial and freeware programs for quantum chemical calculations.
Improved pure and hybrid density functionals are allowing DFT calculations with accuracy comparable to high-level Hartree-Fock treatments, and the results of these calculations can now be evaluated by experiment. When calculations are correlated to, and supported by,experimental data they can provide fundamental insight into electronic structure and its contributions to physical properties and chemical reactivity.
This interplay continues to expand and contributes to both improved value of experimental results and improved accuracy of computational predictions. The purpose of this EIC Book is to provide state-of-the-art presentations of quantum mechanical and related methods and their applications, written by many of the leaders in the field.
Part 1of this volume focuses on methods, their background and implementation, and their use in describing bonding properties,energies, transition states and spectroscopic features. Part 2focuses on applications in bioinorganic chemistry and Part 3discusses inorganic chemistry, where electronic structure calculations have already had a major impact.
Module aims - intentions of the module
This addition to the EIC Book series is of significant value to both experimentalists and theoreticians, and we anticipate that it will stimulate both further development of the methodology and its applications in the many interdisciplinary fields that comprise modern inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. Inorganic Chemistry 5th Ed by Gary L. With its updates to quickly changing content areas, a strengthened visual presentation and the addition of new co-author Paul Fischer, the new edition of this highly readable text is more educational and valuable than ever.
Strong coverage of atomic theory and an emphasis on physical chemistry provide a firm understanding of the theoretical basis of inorganic chemistry, while a reorganized presentation of molecular orbital and group theory highlights key principles more clearly. Inorganic Chemistry 4th Ed by Gary L. This highly readable text provides the essentials of Inorganic Chemistry at a level that is neither too high nor too low.
Praised for its coverage of theoretical inorganic chemistry, it discusses molecular symmetry earlier than other texts and builds on this foundation in later chapters. Plenty of supporting book references encourage you to further explore topics of interest. Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed by Gary L. This highly readable book provides the essentials of Inorganic Chemistry with molecular symmetry as its foundation.
Chapter topics include atomic structure, molecular orbitals, organometallic chemistry, simple bonding theory, symmetry and group theory, and more. For chemists and other professionals who want to update or improve their background in the field. The bestselling textbook inorganic chemistry text on the market covers both theoretical and descriptive aspects of the subject, and emphasizes experimental methods, industrial applications, and modern topics.
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Since its first edition in , this extraordinary textbook has helped shape the way biochemistry is taught, offering exceptionally clear writing, innovative graphics, coverage of the latest research techniques and advances, and a signature emphasis on physiological and medical relevance. Those defining features are at the heart of the new Seventh Edition of Biochemistry, which again communicates fundamental concepts and the latest breakthroughs in a way that makes the information engaging and understandable for students approaching the subject for the first time.
Biochemistry 6th Ed by Jeremy M. Berg; Lubert Stryer; John L. This books has exceptional clarity and concision, a more biological focus, cutting-edge content, and an elegant, uncluttered design. Authors Dave Nelson and Mike Cox combine the best of the laboratory and best of the classroom, introducing exciting new developments while communicating basic principles of biochemistry. The "Gold Standard" in Biochemistry text books, Biochemistry 4e, is a modern classic that has been thoroughly revised. Don and Judy Voet explain biochemical concepts while offering a unified presentation of life and its variation through evolution.
Incorporates both classical and current research to illustrate the historical source of much of our biochemical knowledge. Biochemistry is a modern classic that has been thoroughly revised. Biochemistry by Christopher K. This text presents the discipline from a boichemist's point of view as well as a biological perspective. It shows how biochemical processes work in living organisms and the working methods of practitioners.
Methods in Enzymology Methods in Enzymology is a series of scientific publications focused primarily on research methods in biochemistry by Academic Press, created by Sidney P. Colowick and Nathan O. Kaplan, now part of Elsevier. Historically, each volume has centered on a specific topic of biochemistry, such as DNA repair, yeast genetics, or the biology of nitric oxide.
In recent years, however, the range of topics covered has broadened to also include biotechnology-oriented areas of research. Smith Editor ; P. Campbell Editor ; S. Arranged in A-to-Z order, the more than 17, entries provide basic information about fundamental, physiochemical laws, chemical compounds, constants, and formulae. The Dictionary also describes the essential features of some 2, enzymes and proteins, the reactions they catalyze and the functions they perform.
Bioinorganic Chemistry Encyclopedias Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry Overview articles on inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry topics including metalloproteins, materials, energy, bioscience, chemical elements, transition metals, nanomaterials, catalysis, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, theoretical methods and computational methods.
Review articles about chemistry in the life sciences. Full text encyclopedia articles on biology, with links to other resources.
Inorganic chemistry
Includes customizable features for classes and individuals. Review articles about coordination chemistry. Articles on medicinal chemistry including drug discovery. Funded by the Friends of the Library. Topics include drug targets, drug discovery technologies, computer-assisted drug design, ADME Tox approaches, diseases and related drugs.
Volume 1 has a brief historical overview, and discusses targets of biologically active molecules, bioactive materials, and socioeconomic factors of drug development. Volume 2 covers enzymes and other molecular targets; Volume 3, membranes and receptors; Volume 4, quantitative drug design; and Volume 5, biopharmaceuticals, including pharmacokinetics and metabolism. Volume 6 consists of a cumulative subject index.
Bioinorganic Chemistry Books Books in Bioinorganic chemistry may be found on the 3rd floor of Carlson under the call numbers: This Handbook on Metalloproteins focuses on the available structural information of proteins and their metal ion coordination spheres. It centers on the metal ions indispensable for life but also considers metal ions used as substitution probes in studies of metalloproteins.
Emphasizing the structure-function relationship, the book covers the common and distinct characterstics of metallo- enzymes, proteins, and amino acids bonded to copper, zinc, iron, and more. Includes methodologies and databases for biochemistry and molecular biology. In redox reactions one reactant, the oxidant , lowers its oxidation state and another reactant, the reductant , has its oxidation state increased. The net result is an exchange of electrons.
Electron exchange can occur indirectly as well, e. When one reactant contains hydrogen atoms, a reaction can take place by exchanging protons in acid-base chemistry. In a more general definition, any chemical species capable of binding to electron pairs is called a Lewis acid ; conversely any molecule that tends to donate an electron pair is referred to as a Lewis base.
As a refinement of acid-base interactions, the HSAB theory takes into account polarizability and size of ions. Inorganic compounds are found in nature as minerals. Soil may contain iron sulfide as pyrite or calcium sulfate as gypsum. Inorganic compounds are also found multitasking as biomolecules: The first important man-made inorganic compound was ammonium nitrate for soil fertilization through the Haber process.
Inorganic compounds are synthesized for use as catalysts such as vanadium V oxide and titanium III chloride , or as reagents in organic chemistry such as lithium aluminium hydride. Subdivisions of inorganic chemistry are organometallic chemistry , cluster chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry. These fields are active areas of research in inorganic chemistry, aimed toward new catalysts , superconductors , and therapies. Inorganic chemistry is a highly practical area of science. Traditionally, the scale of a nation's economy could be evaluated by their productivity of sulfuric acid.
The manufacturing of fertilizers is another practical application of industrial inorganic chemistry. Descriptive inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification of compounds based on their properties. Partly the classification focuses on the position in the periodic table of the heaviest element the element with the highest atomic weight in the compound, partly by grouping compounds by their structural similarities. When studying inorganic compounds, one often encounters parts of the different classes of inorganic chemistry an organometallic compound is characterized by its coordination chemistry, and may show interesting solid state properties.
In modern coordination compounds almost all organic and inorganic compounds can be used as ligands. The "metal" usually is a metal from the groups , as well as the trans - lanthanides and trans - actinides , but from a certain perspective, all chemical compounds can be described as coordination complexes. A topical theme within this specialization is supramolecular coordination chemistry. Due to their often similar reactivity, the elements in group 3 Sc , Y , and La and group 12 Zn , Cd , and Hg are also generally included, and the lanthanides and actinides are sometimes included as well.
Main group compounds have been known since the beginnings of chemistry, e. Experiments on oxygen, O 2 , by Lavoisier and Priestley not only identified an important diatomic gas, but opened the way for describing compounds and reactions according to stoichiometric ratios. The discovery of a practical synthesis of ammonia using iron catalysts by Carl Bosch and Fritz Haber in the early s deeply impacted mankind, demonstrating the significance of inorganic chemical synthesis.
Main group compounds also occur in nature, e. Compounds containing metals from group 4 to 11 are considered transition metal compounds. Compounds with a metal from group 3 or 12 are sometimes also incorporated into this group, but also often classified as main group compounds. Transition metal compounds show a rich coordination chemistry, varying from tetrahedral for titanium e. A range of transition metals can be found in biologically important compounds, such as iron in hemoglobin. Usually, organometallic compounds are considered to contain the M-C-H group.
Operationally, the definition of an organometallic compound is more relaxed to include also highly lipophilic complexes such as metal carbonyls and even metal alkoxides. Organometallic compounds are mainly considered a special category because organic ligands are often sensitive to hydrolysis or oxidation, necessitating that organometallic chemistry employs more specialized preparative methods than was traditional in Werner-type complexes. Synthetic methodology, especially the ability to manipulate complexes in solvents of low coordinating power, enabled the exploration of very weakly coordinating ligands such as hydrocarbons, H 2 , and N 2.
Because the ligands are petrochemicals in some sense, the area of organometallic chemistry has greatly benefited from its relevance to industry. Clusters can be found in all classes of chemical compounds. According to the commonly accepted definition, a cluster consists minimally of a triangular set of atoms that are directly bonded to each other. But metal-metal bonded dimetallic complexes are highly relevant to the area.
Clusters occur in "pure" inorganic systems, organometallic chemistry, main group chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry. The distinction between very large clusters and bulk solids is increasingly blurred.
Steroechemistry of Coordination Compounds
This interface is the chemical basis of nanoscience or nanotechnology and specifically arise from the study of quantum size effects in cadmium selenide clusters. Thus, large clusters can be described as an array of bound atoms intermediate in character between a molecule and a solid.
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By definition, these compounds occur in nature, but the subfield includes anthropogenic species, such as pollutants e. Traditionally bioinorganic chemistry focuses on electron- and energy-transfer in proteins relevant to respiration. Medicinal inorganic chemistry includes the study of both non-essential and essential elements with applications to diagnosis and therapies. This important area focuses on structure , [7] bonding, and the physical properties of materials.
In practice, solid state inorganic chemistry uses techniques such as crystallography to gain an understanding of the properties that result from collective interactions between the subunits of the solid. Included in solid state chemistry are metals and their alloys or intermetallic derivatives.
Related fields are condensed matter physics , mineralogy , and materials science. An alternative perspective on the area of inorganic chemistry begins with the Bohr model of the atom and, using the tools and models of theoretical chemistry and computational chemistry , expands into bonding in simple and then more complex molecules.
Precise quantum mechanical descriptions for multielectron species, the province of inorganic chemistry, is difficult. This challenge has spawned many semi-quantitative or semi-empirical approaches including molecular orbital theory and ligand field theory , In parallel with these theoretical descriptions, approximate methodologies are employed, including density functional theory.
Exceptions to theories, qualitative and quantitative, are extremely important in the development of the field.
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The disagreement between qualitative theory paramagnetic and observation diamagnetic led to the development of models for "magnetic coupling. Inorganic chemistry has greatly benefited from qualitative theories. Such theories are easier to learn as they require little background in quantum theory. Within main group compounds, VSEPR theory powerfully predicts, or at least rationalizes, the structures of main group compounds, such as an explanation for why NH 3 is pyramidal whereas ClF 3 is T-shaped.
A particularly powerful qualitative approach to assessing the structure and reactivity begins with classifying molecules according to electron counting , focusing on the numbers of valence electrons , usually at the central atom in a molecule. A central construct in inorganic chemistry is the theory of molecular symmetry. Group theory also enables factoring and simplification of theoretical calculations. Spectroscopic features are analyzed and described with respect to the symmetry properties of the, inter alia , vibrational or electronic states.
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Knowledge of the symmetry properties of the ground and excited states allows one to predict the numbers and intensities of absorptions in vibrational and electronic spectra. A classic application of group theory is the prediction of the number of C-O vibrations in substituted metal carbonyl complexes.
The most common applications of symmetry to spectroscopy involve vibrational and electronic spectra. As an instructional tool, group theory highlights commonalities and differences in the bonding of otherwise disparate species, such as WF 6 and Mo CO 6 or CO 2 and NO 2. An alternative quantitative approach to inorganic chemistry focuses on energies of reactions.
This approach is highly traditional and empirical , but it is also useful.