Furthermore, the assumption of a constant relationship between DALY and number of deaths for these six diseases from to also adds uncertainty to the health impact estimates. In the food expenditure calculation, we have assumed that current market prices will prevail after a dietary switch, and hence that there are no constraints on the availability and accessibility of the ingredients in the NND.
The Nordic Diet: Using Local and Organic Food to Promote a Healthy Lifestyle
A full-scale switch may however impose radical changes in the demand-supply balance on the markets for some products within the NND e. For internationally traded commodities, this is not supposed to affect prices significantly, but for commodities that are traded in more isolated e. As the NND has high emphasis on locally produced, fresh and organic products traded in relatively small markets, the shift may imply an upward price push of these commodities—at least in the short-to-medium term, suggesting that the estimated increase in consumer expenditure may represent a lower-end estimate in the short run, but may be realistic in a long-run perspective.
The aim of this study has been to assess the cost-effectiveness properties of a full-scale implementation of a New Nordic Diet in Denmark and thereby estimate the full potential of a change in diet composition, rather than to guide an implementation of the diet. Hence, in the analyses, the New Nordic Diet scenario is assumed implemented without considering potential policy vehicles to obtain this dietary change. The economic model analysis yielded implicit prices in the NND and their deviations from current market prices, and these deviations provide some indication of the incentive barriers that should be overcome in order to realize the NND scenario.
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The present study is based on a combination of empirically based simulation models from different scientific disciplines. Naturally, this combined analysis inherits existing weaknesses from the different components of the model framework, including e. Despite such weaknesses and uncertainties, the above analysis is considered to yield new and important quantitative insights into the potential health economic prospects of major dietary changes, such as a nation-wide implementation of the New Nordic Diet. The cost difference is relatively larger in low-income households, which is in line with results of previous cost studies comparing healthy with less healthy diets.
As both health impacts and cost differences tend to be relatively larger in low-income households, there is no clear socio-economic pattern in the cost-effectiveness properties. Hence, implementation of the New Nordic Diet could be an economically relevant strategy for promotion of public health, provided moderate transaction costs associated with such implementation.
This research has been conducted as part of the OPUS project. Limits implied by the NND.
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National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Published online Jun Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Received Apr 27; Accepted Jun This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license http: This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Inappropriate diets constitute an important health risk and an increasing environmental burden. New Nordic Diet, environmental impact, public health, cost-effectiveness.
Introduction Inappropriate diets low in fruits, vegetables, whole grain products and seafood omega-3 fatty acids and high in meat, sugar and saturated fats constitute an important risk factor for several diseases, and hence for mortality, morbidity, quality of life and societal costs [ 1 ]. Gastronomic potential and Nordic identity—dishes based on high-quality organic food products with a Nordic origin and cultural heritage. Tastes from arctic seafood, and colour and flavor variation from plant foods, such as berries, cabbages, roots, legumes, potatoes and herbs should contribute to creating a Nordic identity.
Health—relatively low meat intake and high intake of legumes, vegetables, fruit, whole grains, seafood, potatoes, nuts, herbs, etc. This dietary composition should contribute to the prevention of health disorders such as weight gain, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer, but should also help maintaining and improving general physical, mental and social well-being via. Data and Methods We apply a combined system of simulation models to assess the long-term cost-effectiveness of a nationwide NND as a health promotion strategy, compared with the current Average Danish Diet ADD , from a societal perspective.
Data The target population of the study is the entire Danish population the NND diet outlined in Supplement Table S1 for 4—75 year-olds is assumed to be implemented in the entire population. Hence, this consumption is the solution to the first-order conditions for constrained utility maximization: Unchanged total energy intake coefficient e i represents energy content in commodity x i. Consumed Quantities tonnes Expenditure, mill. Open in a separate window.
Effects of NND on most important environmental externalities. Discussion The study combines simulation models from different subject areas into a model system which is used for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of a large-scale transition from the current dietary pattern to a healthy and sustainable regional diet New Nordic Diet as a health promotion instrument at population level.
Table S2 Monetized environmental effects price level. Table S3 Relative diet-related health risks. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, — A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population.
Dietary composition and nutrient content of the New Nordic Diet.
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The economics of obesity: Dietary energy density and energy cost. Food choices and diet costs: Does social class predict diet quality? High monetary costs of dietary patterns associated with lower body mass index: Diet cost, diet quality and socio-economic position: How are they related and what contributes to differences in diet costs?
Does it have to cost more? The New Nordic Diet is an effective tool in environmental protection: It reduces the associated socio-economic cost of diets. Valuation of externalities of selected waste management alternatives: A comparative review and analysis. Using the budget constraint to monetarise impact assessment results.
A method for using epidemiologic data to estimate the potential impact of an intervention on the health status of a target population. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: Meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Cost-Effectiveness of a New Nordic Diet as a Strategy for Health Promotion
Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of ischemic stroke. Protective effect of fruits and vegetables on development of stroke in men. Effect of cruciferous vegetables on lung cancer in patients stratified by genetic status: A mendelian randomization approach.
Intake of fruits and vegetables and risk of breast cancer—A pooled analysis of cohort studies. Consumption of vegetables and fruits and risk of breast cancer. Cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in elderly individuals. Dietary fiber and risk of coronary heart disease—A pooled analysis of cohort studies.
New Nordic Diet as public health-strategy: what about dairy? - Yogurt in Nutrition
Vegetable, fruit, and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. Long-term intake of dietary fiber and decreased risk of coronary heart disease among women. Yes, it may seem odd that cuisine from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, or Iceland would be considered healthful. In fact, aside from Swedish meatballs, how much does anyone really know about Nordic food in the first place?
What foods are part of the Nordic diet? What are examples of meals or dishes one would eat on the Nordic diet? It might be hard to picture eating elk meat or lingonberries on a regular basis. Luckily, you can now find cookbooks and plenty of information on the Internet to help you with Nordic meal planning. Some examples of typical meals that one might eat include:. What are the health benefits of the Nordic diet? Like the Mediterranean diet, this eating style has been studied, and researchers have found that this way of eating can provide a number of health benefits, including:.
Should you try the Nordic diet? Is the Nordic diet for you? Some of the foods on the list may not be completely familiar to you, such as elk meat and seaweed. On the other hand, you may already be eating root vegetables, oats, and salmon. As with any type of diet or eating plan, one of the keys to success is making it work for you. They include berries and fruits; fatty fish such as herring, mackerel and salmon ; lean fish such as cod, haddock and halibut ; legumes; vegetables, including cabbage and root vegetables; and whole-grain cereals including barley, oats and rye.
Second, the Nordic diet has a core principle of sustainability, emphasizing local and fresh, which I think is very beneficial for the environment and for health. Mediterranean style diet may prevent dementia. Though the Mediterranean and Nordic diets include similar foods, a major difference is in the fats that are used: The Mediterranean region is known for its olive oil production, and that is why olive oil predominates in this region, whereas the Nordic diet promotes canola oil also known as rapeseed oil , Lieberman explained.
Canola oil and olive oil are both rich in monounsaturated fats, which promote heart health by raising HDL, the "good" cholesterol, and lowering LDL, the "bad" cholesterol; however, "canola oil doesn't have the antioxidants that olive oil does," Wright said. Although the Nordic diet can offer a very healthful way of eating, it doesn't specify how much food you should consume. The Nordic diet has been around for quite some time, tied, as it is, to Nordic nutrition recommendations, which have been published every eight years since Those guidelines serve a similar role as US dietary ones.
But a "new Nordic diet" was developed in by Nordic chefs in an effort to improve the culinary appeal of the diet. The new Nordic diet includes a lot of the existing diet principles but also aims to create flavors, extend the availability of local products during winter seasons and increase the nutritional value of the food.
It also includes recommendations to eat organic produce whenever possible, eat more food from wild landscapes, avoid food additives and eat more home-cooked food. If you want to try the new Nordic diet, you can simply start incorporating its principles into your daily diet, regardless of where you live, explained Flore, who recently showcased the new Nordic diet as part of a culinary demonstration at a World Health Organization symposium that discussed the diet's benefits.
At the event, he cooked semidry smoked Danish squid with fermented celeriac and sour fish broth, served with a side of wild pickled flowers, as an example of a dish that "fully shows off the soul of the new Nordic cuisine and how the principles of it are applied in a dish. But for a meal-by-meal account of what the new Nordic diet looks and might taste like, check out Flore's menu below, which also includes some elements and products from the Mediterranean areas.
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Breakfast generally includes dry fruits, grains, berries and fermented dairy products such as skyr or kefir. In winter, breakfast might be porridge made with oats.
A healthy diet helps the environment
Lunch is generally light and includes rye bread, salads, fermented products, pickles, herrings and eggs. A large space is given to vegetables, and there is a great appreciation for roots and earthy flavors, including mushrooms and other products from the forest in autumn, Flore explained. During springtime, lunch might include asparagus, green peas, rhubarb and lots of wild herbs and fresh fruits. For dinner, fish might be served, but lots of chefs serve small quantities of sustainably sourced meat or animals hunted in the wild, according to Flore.