Et custode (Japanese Edition)

Now it is quite important to note that this is not a report about how well a private contractor fulfills a contract.

This report examines the government use of contractors to supervise and provide oversight over other contractors. This means using contractors to administer contracts and grants, including on-site monitoring of other contractors' activities, supporting contracting or program offices on contract-related matters, and awarding or administering grants. These are not just routine bureaucratic functions.

Contract and grant administration functions represent the government's primary mechanism for assessing whether it is getting the expected products or services from contractors or whether grantees are performing in accordance with grant programs. Legally, there is nothing wrong with this. And there are perfectly legitimate and beneficial reasons where the government might want to do this. Using contractors to support these functions can provide benefits, such as flexibility to meet immediate needs, but it can also introduce risks the government needs to consider and manage.

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• Adeptus Custodes.
• The Knox family; a genealogical and biographical sketch of the descendants of John Knox of Rowan County, North Carolina, and other Knoxes!
• Dark Sphere - Adeptus Custodes.
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For example, contractors performing certain contract or grant administration functions may closely support the performance of inherently governmental functions, which increases the risk that government decisions will be inappropriately influenced by, rather than independent from, contractor actions. Functions considered to be inherently governmental include determining agency policy or federal program budget request priorities; directing and controlling federal employees; and awarding, administering, or terminating federal contracts.

Adeptus Custodes

Similarly, the Federal Acquisition Regulations, section 7. These functions closely support the performance of inherently governmental functions and generally include professional and management support activities, such as those that involve or relate to supporting budget preparation, evaluation of another contractor's performance, acquisition planning, or technical evaluation of contract proposals. When contractors perform these functions, there is a risk of inappropriately influencing the government's control over and accountability for decisions that may be based, in part, on contractor work.

In addition, reliance on contractor support to meet agency missions can increase the risk of conflicts of interest among companies and individuals, particularly for cases in which contractors closely support inherently governmental functions. GAO found that "individual offices' decisions to use contractors are generally not informed by more strategic, agencywide workforce plans or guidance on the extent to which contractors should be used to support contract or grant administration functions. Agencies' current strategic human capital plans and guidance generally do not address the extent to which it is appropriate to use contractors, either in general or more specifically to perform contract or grant administration functions.

Some DOD, State, and USAID officials noted that they would prefer to use government employees to perform some of the functions currently being performed by contractors. Our work indicated, however, that agencies intend to continue to rely on contractors to perform these functions in Iraq or Afghanistan on a longer-term basis.

The cost is not cheap. The specific amount spent to help administer contracts or grants in Iraq and Afghanistan is uncertain because some contracts or task orders included multiple functions or performance in various locations and contract obligation data were not detailed enough to allow GAO to isolate the amount obligated for other functions or locations.

Nonpersonal services contracts are distinguished from personal services contracts in part by the nature of the government's relationship with the contractor. Under a nonpersonal services contract, the personnel rendering the services are not subject either by the contract's terms or by the manner of its administration to the relatively continuous supervision and control of government personnel. On the other hand, personal services contracts are characterized by an employer-employee relationship created between the government and the contractor.

Personal services contracts involve close and continual supervision and control of contractor personnel by government employees rather than general oversight of contractor operations.

In general, personal services contractors perform services that are comparable in scope and nature to those of civil service employees and often appear, in effect, to be government employees. Upon finding out that the head of a prison is off prison premises he asks "quis custodiet ipsos custodes? An episode of the animated series The Simpsons refers to this philosophical question.

In episode 1F09, " Homer the Vigilante ", when Homer is talking about having abused his vigilante powers, his elder daughter Lisa asks, "If you're the police, who will police the police?

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He answers it in Thud! It first appears in Guards! The Next Generation involving a group of anthropologists who are observing a primitive culture from a concealed location, but are revealed following an accident. During an episode of Justice League Unlimited , Batman says the phrase to Green Arrow after Arrow talked Superman and the other founding members out of disbanding the League.

Green Arrow translates the Latin to "Who guards the guardians". The phrase is aimed at the NSA who check for any information on emails sent over the web that endanger national security. The phrase asks who will keep the NSA in check, as they do others. Seuss , the entire town of Hawtch-Hawtch is employed as watchers watching over other watchers leading to the first watcher who is watching the "lazy town bee" so it will work harder.

Since the bee wasn't working harder, it was assumed the bee-watcher wasn't watching hard enough and needed to be watched. In the video game Halo: The replacement of "watchmen" with "Monitor" is a reference to Guilty Spark's position of Monitor of Installation In Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice , the phrase is handwritten on a floor support near the staircase as Batman carries a weakened Superman over his shoulder at the climax of their duel.

In the Person of Interest television series, if The Machine ever suffered a hard reset it would then ring a public phone and ask the phrase, and whoever answered the call would have administrative access for 24 hours.

A Journey into Christian Hermeticism", [16] on Justice Tarot card , the anonymous author now known to have been Valentin Tomberg includes the phrase in one of the opening epigraphs as follows: Who will guard the guards?. The fundamental problem of jurisprudence ". In the video game The Evil Within 2 , the character Julian Sykes quotes the Latin phrase to protagonist Sebastian Castellanos in reference to Sykes himself having found an escape route, with Sykes abandoning his mission by the company Mobius that hired him.

Sebastian expresses confusion at the phrase when given no explanation. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This list appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources , rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. This list is in a list format that may be better presented using prose.

You can help by converting this list to prose, if appropriate.

Editing help is available. Who Are The Watchmen? Robinson, "Quis Custodiet Ipsos Custodes?

Corning, The Fair Society: Gentleman's Magazine, and Historical Chronicle. An Essay on the Platonic Idea. Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. Comprehensive Study of Plato.