Diane remained a dominant force in his life for the next 25 years, leaving Catherine sidelined.
It was not until ten years after their marriage that Catherine gave birth to their first child. Eleven years later he was crowned Henry II of France.
Observer review: Catherine de Medici by Leonie Frieda | Books | The Guardian
Unfortunately it was to be a short reign as Henry died in a jousting accident in , thrusting Catherine onto the political stage. Their eldest son Francis was proclaimed king, but died after less than a year.
Then in , their second son Charles was crowned, aged just ten years old. Catherine acted as regent for the young king and as a result dominated Charles throughout his reign. It reads like a biography so there are a ton of facts. I was expecting more of a story based on reviews I had read on the Internet but overall a good read. This book is full of history. Not the authors fault but the use of the family members having the same name can be confusing. Then a few of the individuals changed their names at adulthood making me concentrate who I'm reading about.
It was not a fast easy read but so glad I read the book! One person found this helpful. Great book and shipped quickly. See all 76 reviews. There's a problem loading this menu right now. Learn more about Amazon Prime.
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Thus began her lifelong struggle—explicit in her correspondence—with these extremists who, supported by Spain and the papacy, sought to dominate the crown and extinguish its independence in the commingled interests of European Catholicism and personal aggrandizement. Her essentially moderate influence was first perceptible during the Conspiracy of Amboise March , an instance of tumultuous petitioning by the Huguenot gentry, primarily against Guisard persecution in the name of the King. Her merciful Edict of Amboise March was followed in May by that of Romorantin, which distinguished heresy from sedition , thereby detaching faith from allegiance.
Catherine succeeded in obtaining the regency for Charles IX , with Antoine de Bourbon , king of Navarre and first prince of the blood, as lieutenant general, to whom the Protestants vainly looked for leadership. They witnessed the first three civil wars and her desperate struggle against the Catholic extremists for the independence of the crown, the maintenance of peace, and the enforcement of limited toleration.
Catherine appointed a mixed commission of moderates that devised two formulas of consummate ambiguity , by which they hoped to resolve the basic, Eucharist controversy. This afforded the Calvinists licensed coexistence with specific safeguards.
Catherine de' Medici
Unlike the proposals of Poissy, the edict was law, which the Protestants accepted and the Catholics rejected. This rejection was one basic element in the outbreak of civil war in , in which—as she had predicted—Catherine fell, politically, into the clutches of the extremists, because the Catholic crown might protect its Protestant subjects in law but could not defend them in arms. Thenceforth the problem of religion was one of power, public order, and administration. Catherine ended the first civil war in March by the Edict of Amboise, an attenuated version of the Edict of January.
In August she declared the King of age in the Parlement of Rouen and, from April to January , conducted him on a marathon itinerary round France.
Catherine the Great?
During the period —68, Catherine was unable, for complex reasons, to withstand the cardinal Lorraine , statesman of the Guises, who largely provoked the second and third civil wars. She quickly terminated the second September —March with the Peace of Longjumeau , a renewal of Amboise.
But she was unable to avert its revocation August , which heralded the third civil war. She was not primarily responsible for the more far-reaching Treaty of Saint-Germain August , but she succeeded in disgracing the Guises. To some extent she was eclipsed by Louis of Nassau and a group of Flemish exiles and youthful Protestants who surrounded the King and urged him to make war upon Spain in the Netherlands, which Catherine inevitably resisted. The issue of war or peace in the Netherlands was closely linked with the Massacre of St.
Upon this occasion, following an abortive attempt against the life of the admiral Gaspard de Coligny , he and a number of his principal lieutenants, together with several thousand Huguenots, were killed.
Catherine traditionally has been blamed for these events, which have therefore fashioned the interpretation not only of her subsequent, but frequently also of her previous, career, resulting in the familiar myth of the wicked Italian queen. There are two principal reasons for this. The second reason for the traditional inculpation of Catherine is the work of the pamphleteers and the polemical nature of the historiography of the event.