Enter your mobile number or email address below and we'll send you a link to download the free Kindle App. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. To get the free app, enter your mobile phone number. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? For the first time, a book which provides an in-depth account showing in vivid detail how the elderly are subjected to inhumane treatment by the Canadian Health Care System.
The stories told are anecdotal, from both the experiences of Douglas as well as from others who have suffered, and continue to suffer unnecessarily through the last days of a loved ones life.
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It has long been thought that the medical community especially physicians has far too much power over human life. Betrayed encompasses both the depth and breadth of the horror that lies within the walls of Canadian hospitals. Too many people are being killed for Betrayed not to become news! Read more Read less. Kindle Cloud Reader Read instantly in your browser. Product details File Size: November 23, Sold by: It does not include at least twenty "justified" shootings of "rioting" prisoners.
For example, in September , a Red Cross observer witnessed a guard shooting a Camp Bucca prisoner through the chest and wrote: Major General Antonio Taguba, who conducted the Army's first investigation of the Abu Ghraib scandal, noted similar incidents. It does not include prisoners who died of medical neglect or after being needlessly and illegally exposed to mortar and sniper attacks on prisons.
A map of the topography of "substantiated" criminal homicides, justified homicides, and unsubstantiated-as-homicide prisoners' deaths looks like this. Homicide unsubstantiated because of obstructed investigation e. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology is responsible for determining the cause of death of a prisoner in U. In , it created the Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner AFME to conduct autopsies of soldiers and civilians including prisoners who died while in the armed forces or under their jurisdiction.
In , budget cutbacks left the AFME with only two forensic pathologists; by , it had thirteen. Armed forces medical examiners' autopsy reports and death certificates as well as Army and Navy criminal investigation reports show that pathologists often did not seem to have been given information ordinarily available to pathologists.
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A pathologist bases a determination of cause of death on more than an autopsy. An autopsy, or necropsy, entails inspecting and dissecting a body, examining organs, performing toxicology and chemical tests, and looking at tissues with a microscope or sometimes with X rays.
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The pathologist correlates the autopsy findings with information from medical records, accounts of the events preceding the death, and a description of the circumstances in which the body was found. As noted in the preceding chapter on interrogations, preinterrogation and postinterrogation medical examinations, if conducted at all, were kept in classified intelligence files separate from regular medical records.
Chapter 5, "Neglect," will show that even these regular medical records were haphazardly kept and often lost in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The Question of Torture
Even when clinical records and death scene descriptions existed, pathologists' and field investigators' reports show mostly one-way communication between forensic pathologists and Army or Navy criminal investigators. Pathologists performed autopsies and forwarded their findings and death certificates to investigators who did the event analysis. In other words, the pathologists often had to determine the cause of death without on-site investigative findings.
For example, the physical findings at autopsy of a person who dies of suffocation, a common cause of death among recognized prisoner homicides, can be very subtle. A pathologist must know whether the prisoner had a hood over his head or was gagged, suspended, or bound in a manner that could prevent the chest from expanding and the victim from inhaling. Information to include or exclude such possibilities is absent from many of the autopsy reports.
The Office of the Armed Forces Medical Examiner was inadequately prepared to investigate deaths of prisoners who may have died of torture. Its pathologists had published little on forensic pathology. They were not known for having special expertise in investigating or documenting the injuries of persons who died under torture. There is no evidence that they used a special protocol for conducting autopsies on prisoners who may have died from torture. It does not even appear that they were familiar with protocols such as the "Manual on the Investigation of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment," a guide, endorsed by the UN and the World Medical Association, for physicians who examine bodies for signs of death by torture.
The AFME autopsies often failed to look for injuries to bones or ligaments or for signs of sexual abuse. Al-Jamadi discussed in Chapter 3 died while being suspended by his arms, which had been tied together and lifted up behind his back. Witnesses reported that his shoulders were twisted and protruding out of their sockets, but the pathologist did not even record an examination of the shoulders for dislocation or for tearing of the ligaments and nerves of the upper arms.
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Excerpted from Oath Betrayed: Your purchase helps support NPR programming. Accessibility links Skip to main content Keyboard shortcuts for audio player. After reading that passage, I found myself troubled by my reaction to Ivan's question.
Still, I felt uneasy, even morally deficient for considering such a Faustian choice. Morality, however, is not the basis on which Miles responds. Torture yields bad information and should be abandoned.
'Oath Betrayed' Questions Doctors' Roles in Torture : NPR
Miles cites the case of Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, who was caught by US authorities on 11 November and sent to Egypt, where he was tortured. Al-Libi provided the now discredited information that Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction and was cooperating with Al Qaeda.
The Pentagon cited al-Libi's statements, obtained while being tortured, as a key part of the basis for the US led invasion of Iraq. Beyond bad information, Miles argues, torture alienates host populations and allies, it endangers US prisoners of war, increases future acts of terrorism, and it undermines US credibility when it challenges human rights violations elsewhere. Disturbingly, torture may be committed largely against people who are either innocent or ignorant of terrorism.
Physician compliance with abuse and torture took different forms, according to Miles. Examples are short and distressing.