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AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Amazon Inspire Digital Educational Resources. Amazon Rapids Fun stories for kids on the go. Amazon Restaurants Food delivery from local restaurants. Fantastique is a French term for a literary and cinematic genre that overlaps with science fiction , horror , and fantasy.
The fantastique is a substantial genre within French literature. Arguably dating back further than English language fantasy , it remains an active and productive genre which has evolved in conjunction with anglophone fantasy and horror and other French and international literature. What is distinctive about the fantastique is the intrusion of supernatural phenomena into an otherwise realist narrative.
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It evokes phenomena which are not only left unexplained but which are inexplicable from the reader's point of view. In this respect, the fantastique is somewhere between fantasy , where the supernatural is accepted and entirely reasonable in the imaginary world of a non-realist narrative, and magic realism , where apparently supernatural phenomena are explained and accepted as normal.
Instead, characters in a work of fantastique are, just like the readers, unwilling to accept the supernatural events that occur. This refusal may be mixed with doubt, disbelief, fear, or some combination of those reactions. The Fantastique is often linked to a particular ambiance, a sort of tension in the face of the impossible.
A good deal of fear is often involved, either because the characters are afraid or because the author wants to provoke fright in the reader. However, fear is not an essential component of fantastique. Some theorists of literature , such as Tzvetan Todorov , contend that the fantastique is defined by its hesitation between accepting the supernatural as such and trying to rationally explain the phenomena it describes.
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In that case, the fantastique is nothing more than a transitional area on a spectrum from magic realism to fantasy and does not qualify as a separate literary genre. The fantastique began to become defined in the Middle Ages. The old Celtic , Frankish and Germanic myths were translated from religion implying belief and worship into popular folklore implying belief but not worship. The root of modern thought about and artistic depiction of many things which are today often termed 'supernatural' such as angels , demons , fairies , witches , et cetera has its beginnings in this period, often called the Middle Ages.
Concepts and characters such as Melusine , Harlequin , Oberon , Morgan Le Fay , et cetera, were first given their definitive shapes at this time. The 16th century was marked by the emergence of new ideas and literary trends, often as a reaction against what was perceived as the "obscurantism" of the Middle Ages.
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Among the factors which contributed to the Renaissance were: The Renaissance bloomed in France during the reign of King Francis I who created a favorable environment for the development of letters, arts and sciences. It was during the French Renaissance that proto-science fiction first split from the fantastique.
Baroque whether in the form of novels , plays or even operas was the link between the Merveilleux of the Renaissance and the more formalized fairy tales of the Enlightenment period. The undeniable popularity of the genre was, in great part, attributable to the fact that Fairy Tales were safe; they did not imperil the soul — a serious concern for a nation which had just come out of an era of great religious persecution — and they appropriately reflected the grandeur of the Sun King's reign.
Writers like Cazotte embodied the transition between the Fairy Tales and a darker and grimmer fantastique. As the spiritual influence of the Church waned, thinkers dreamed of new faiths.
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Many of these based their thinking on occult knowledge allegedly handed down through the ages, from the Orient to the Knights Templar and, finally, to the Freemasons and the Rosicrucians who flourished during the Age of Enlightenment. The 19th century was a period of great turmoil in French history. During the First and Second Empires, periods of proud, military glory alternated with crushing, humiliating defeats. It was in this ever-boiling cauldron of historical upheaval that French literature exploded into a bouquet of heretofore unknown and abundant colors—and so did the fantastique.
As the 19th century was about to begin, the English gothic novels became a major influence on the development of the fantastique. Their extravagant and macabre nature tapped into the emotions released during the French Revolution, and eventually helped the genre to seamlessly evolve into the more modern forms of the fantastique.
Fantastique - Wikipedia
Notable works in that category include:. Eventually, the roman noir gave way to more modern forms of the fantastique. One was the feuilleton , stories serialized in daily instalments in newspapers ; the other was the popular novel, published in inexpensive formats, catering to large audiences. In the true tradition of popular fiction, these were often considered cheap thrills, good only for the barely educated masses.
On the more respectable side of the literary fence, the 19th century fantastique literature after was dominated by the influence of E. Hoffmann , and then by that of Edgar Allan Poe. The confidence displayed by French Society in the early s was sapped by the slaughter of World War I in which, out of 8 million Frenchmen drafted, 1.
In French literature, the Dadaist and Surrealist movements exemplified that desire to break violently with the past. Between the wars, the fantastique populaire continued to cater to the masses by providing cheap entertainment in the form of feuilletons: Significant names of the times include:.
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In French literature, the Dadaist and Surrealist movements exemplified the desire to break violently with the past, but the more conventional forms of the novel remained otherwise less innovative.