According to Smith, his head was placed on two stones and a warrior prepared to smash his head and kill him. Chief Powhatan then bartered with Smith, referred to him as his son and sent him on his way. Many historians believe Smith was never in peril and the placement of his head on the stones was ceremonial. Pocahontas became known by the colonists as an important Powhatan emissary.
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She occasionally brought the hungry settlers food and helped successfully negotiate the release of Powhatan prisoners in But relations between the colonists and the Indians remained strained. By , drought, starvation and disease had ravaged the colonists and they became increasingly dependent on the Powhatan to survive.
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Desperate and dying, they threatened to burn Powhatan towns for food, so Chief Powhatan suggested a barter with Captain Smith. Soon after, Smith was injured and returned to England; however, Pocahontas and her father were told he died. While in captivity, Pocahontas lived in the settlement of Henricus under the care of a minister named Alexander Whitaker where she learned about Christianity , English culture and how to speak English. During her imprisonment, Pocahontas met widower and tobacco planter John Rolfe.
They sent word to Chief Powhatan that they wanted to marry; he consented as did the Virginia governor, Sir Thomas Dale. Pocahontas married Rolfe in April The match was considered an important step towards re-establishing positive relations between the colonists and the Indians. Indeed, the marriage brought a season of peace to the region.
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In , Sir Thomas Dale sailed to England to rally financial support for the Virginia Company, the company owned by wealthy Londoners that had financed the Jamestown colony. The company also wanted to prove they had met their goal of converting Native Americans to Christianity, so Rolfe, Pocahontas, their infant son Thomas born in and a dozen Powhatan Indians accompanied Dale on the trip. Much to her surprise, Pocahontas encountered Captain Smith whom she thought was dead in London. In March , Pocahontas, her husband and son set sail for Virginia.
But they had hardly made progress when she became gravely ill and was taken ashore at Gravesend, England. Some speculate it was tuberculosis, pneumonia, dysentery or smallpox; others believe she was poisoned. Pocahontas was buried at St. Rolfe returned to Virginia, but her son Thomas remained with relatives in England.
Pocahontas
He returned almost two decades later at age 20 to claim inheritances from his father and grandfather and became a successful gentleman tobacco farmer. He died about a year later and relations between the Powhatan and Virginia colonists declined rapidly. But written accounts and Native American oral history show she lived a brief yet significant life.
She was instrumental to maintaining relations between her father and the Jamestown colonists and is believed to be the first Powhatan Indian to convert to Christianity. She is remembered as a courageous, strong woman who left an indelible impression on colonial America.
Her Life and Legend. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Historical research has cast doubt on this version, but regardless, Captain Smith was released and he returned to Jamestown. Native Americans sent food to the starving settlers; some believe Pocahontas accompanied the party that delivered the provisions. In this more modern version, Chief Powhatan genuinely liked Captain Smith and the ritual with stones was meant as a ceremony.
Pocahontas would not have been present, even though she was a favored daughter, as she was too young. While she may have made the journey to Jamestown with members of the tribe, it was a difficult trip and as a young child she certainly would never have made it on her own, as enduring myths suggest.
The true story of Pocahontas is sadder and less romantic than the enduring myths
Within two years, relationships between Native Americans and the English explorers deteriorated. Another legend has it that Pocahontas ran through the woods alone to warn John Smith that his life was in danger, saving him once again. Smith claimed Pocahontas twice saved his life in his book General Historie of Virginia , long after many of the main players had passed away.
Around , Pocahontas, then around 14 years old, married Kocoum, possibly of the Patawomeck tribe, whom the two would live among for a short time. The two had a child, according to some sources.
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What is certain is that in , Captain Samuel Argall kidnapped Pocahontas for ransom; Kocoum was killed. While held in captivity, she suffered from depression and was most likely abused. She learned the English language, customs, and religion. In , Pocahontas converted to Christianity, her name was changed to Rebecca, and she was wed to tobacco farmer John Rolfe.
Marrying Pocahontas allowed the tobacco farmer to learn curing techniques from tribal leaders, which turned his venture into a profitable enterprise. A copy is on display in the Rotunda of the US Capitol. Eventually, the Rolfes settled in rural Brentford. Pocahontas and Captain John Smith had one more meeting.
So ill she had to disembark before the Atlantic crossing, she died onshore—some say of pneumonia or dysentery; others suggest she was poisoned.