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Applying the Scientific Method
Report a Problem Closed Captioning. Width in pixels px. Height in pixels px. Jon Cole has shown experimentally that it is possible for the leading edge of an engine to cut the tree. Cole compared this action with similar-looking ragged branches cut with a heavy brush cutter with heavy, thick dull blades rotating at a lesser speed than the airplane that cut the woody branches of the Pentagon tree See Figure 6. Branches ingested by the right engine can explain the smoke trail from the right engine from that point on, as seen in the security camera videos and in this simulation.
The trailer was found to have rotated about the other end toward the building. Gouge in Low Concrete Wall: One witness saw the left engine hit a low concrete wall and break apart. The wall shows a curved gouge consistent with impact by an engine. When the left engine hit the wall it was a few inches above ground level at that point. The wall sits on a high point, and this explains why the engine did not gouge the surrounding lawn as it traveled over the lawn. Some nearby, upright wooden spools were not struck as they were positioned between the plane fuselage and the low-slung left engine.
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Debris by the Heliport Area: There was a noticeable amount of plane debris, mostly small pieces, at the Heliport area north of the impact hole. This distribution of debris is entirely to be expected since, after fragmentation, debris that remained outside the building would have a significant velocity component causing it to travel in a northerly direction.
Many claims have been made that the impact hole was too small for a plane the size of a Boeing to have entered the building. None of these claims have merit. The fuselage of a Boeing is There were many missing outer support columns. According to witnesses and the FDR data, the plane had rolled about 5 degrees counterclockwise when it hit the wall. Critics frequently point to the absence of a clear vertical gash that they contend should have been made by the vertical portion of the tail.
There are, as shown by Jim Hoffman, markings in the area where the tail might have hit. It is possible that the tail was blown off and fragmented, and did not reach the wall intact. One witness described seeing the fuel explosion while the tail was still visible.
Attack on the Pentagon
Many witnesses saw the tail, and this criticism cannot overturn the other evidence of plane approach and impact. At the top, red and blue squares depict missing and severely damaged columns. Green and yellow squares show columns with less damage. The width of the damage at the west wall top is about feet, which is consistent with the impact of the fuselage, engines, and the heavy parts of the wings of a Boeing As the fuselage moved into the building, it was shredded and scattered to the sides along its path, but a cone of decreasing width of material maintained enough focus to break through and make a hole in the C ring wall.
The dark shaded area of the figure is where the building collapsed about 30 minutes after impact. The first floor area with damage but no collapse filled up with debris without the first floor ceiling collapsing. It is noteworthy that April Gallop, who has been extensively interviewed and quoted as an important witness, had an office in wedge 2 over feet from the impact hole. She, with her child and others, exited through a window near the Heliport. Once outside, Gallop collapsed, was apparently unconscious, and was moved to the outer lawn area, and then to a hospital.
Gallop had no opportunity to see aircraft debris inside or outside the building. C Ring Exit Hole: The C ring exit hole can be understood as resulting from the impact of many pieces of plane debris. This process and the false assertion that workers created the hole as a way to access the building interior are fully discussed in the papers listed below. The exit hole lines up with the plane path that made a degree angle with the Pentagon west wall.
There is no evidence that any part of the crash scene was staged to imply a non-existent plane crash. All the physical and eyewitness evidence points to actual large plane impact. Debris in the AE Drive: Figure 8 shows a large remnant of a tire outside the C Ring Hole 2.
FBI re-releases 9/11 Pentagon photos
Also shown is a wheel rim 1. The debris angle 3 is also clearly visible. A single doorway lies in the direction pointed to by 4. Both the background information that includes the eyewitnesses and the detailed examination of the plane path and damage presented above support the large plane impact hypothesis. The hypothesis of impact by a large plane matching a Boeing and Flight AA 77 is true. The next step in the scientific method is to report the results. These papers, all listed in the Additional Reading section below, include the three new works mentioned above and listed here, together with a new article:.
Except for Victoria Ashley and Jonathan H.
Attack on the Pentagon | 9/11 Inside the Pentagon | PBS
These individuals often point to testimonies by witnesses who did not see the plane impact. For example, an aftermath witness might not see recognizable plane parts and claim or imply that there was no plane involved.
- A Boeing 757, and not a cruise missile or anything else, caused damage to the Pentagon on 9/11..
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Some Pentagon workers inside the building inferred a bomb, since to them whatever happened sounded like a bomb. While many witnesses reported that they smelled the odor of jet fuel, a smaller number thought they smelled cordite, an explosive that has not been in use since WWII. Although at least 14 witnesses saw the plane hit the light poles one second or less before impact, some critics claim this could not have happened without the wings being visibly damaged or destroyed.
All of this, especially the steel, held up the third, fourth and fifth floors. They stayed up for 35 minutes.
You can see them through the smoke, suspended over the hole gouged by the jet. Only after the evacuation did the heat melt the new steel away. Evey says that without the reconstruction, the floors might have collapsed immediately.
Army press release noted back on 26 September , one engine of the aircraft punched a foot hole through the wall of the second ring:. On the inside wall of the second ring of the Pentagon, a nearly circular hole, about feet wide, allows light to pour into the building from an internal service alley. An aircraft engine punched the hole out on its last flight after being broken loose from its moorings on the plane.
The result became a huge vent for the subsequent explosion and fire. Signs of fire and black smoke now ring the outside of the jagged-edged hole. Even though the two airplanes flown into the World Trade Center towers were traveling faster at the time of impact than the Pentagon plane was MPH vs. It penetrated three of the five concentric rings of the building.
The plane banked sharply and came in so low that it clipped light poles. It slammed into the side of the Pentagon at an estimated miles per hour after first hitting the helipad. The plane penetrated the outer three rings of the building.
The jet fuel exploded, which sent a fireball outward from the impact point. About 30 minutes after the crash, a cross-section of the building collapsed, but only after enough time had elapsed for rescue workers to evacuate all injured employees. The fire was so hot that firefighters could not approach the impact point itself until approximately 1 P.