We will conduct a case study through the means of an emblematic figure of the political scene in Central Africa: His Excellency Paul Biya. We will put forward his powerful speech delivered on December the 17th in Copenhagen at the World Summit on Climate Change. The President of the Republic of Cameroon distinctively made heard the voice of the black continent in the international forum at a global level.

The commitment of the speaker is revealed especially in speech acts; the utterance system chosen by the speaker is rich and varied: Full Text Available Over the past few years researchers in maritime history have shown a marked interest in port microsites and the modes of local coastal navigation. The present article is a contribution to this field: This computer-assisted case study bears on relatively neglected sources the archives of the service of military supplies. It sheds some light on the living conditions of a garrison in the early modern age, assesses island-supplying problems and tackles the procedures used to remedy them.

It has obtained this status in thanks to its ecosystem, its unique forest in the world and its numerous cultural Amazigh Berber activities. The ABR has a strong natural, human and cultural potential as far as tourism is concerned. Nowadays, it is essential to establish a tourism eco-territory in this region. This requires, first of all, a perfect knowledge of the territory and its issues and the implementation of an integrated and coordinated approach with all the local stakeholders. The implementation of a comprehensive and participatory strategy will integrate the protection and development of the natural and socio-cultural heritage, the improvement of the quality of tourism structures, the global promotion of the territory and its tourism products as well as a self-assessment of every action in the ABR.

The actual study assessed the willingness to pay for biopesticides by vegetables producers in coastal Togo as more sustainable alternatives than chemical pesticides. The Tobit model revealed that among factors affecting vegetables producers' decision making process, information and the farm size play a crucial role.

Given the low level of the premium that vegetables producers are willing to pay and the current characteristics of the farm, the introduction of biopesticides within their cropping system, could lead to mitigated success in the absence of an appropriate incentive framework. A study on sylvicultural and cultural practices in the parklands was conducted in three village territories of Maradi region following a rainfall gradient. Surveys conducted with farmers coupled with sylvicultural data collection are used as the methodological tools.

It is practiced by imitating relatives and neighbors or initiated by development projects or extension services. The reasons that guided farmers to care and protect trees are wood provision to households, soil fertilization, fodder, and pharmacopeia and erosion control. Plant diversity is more important in Moulmouchi than Batchaka and Koda.

Also, species with high agronomic, economic and food values are preferred by farmers. The different sylvicultural operations carried out in the village territories indicate that farmers pay attention to the protection and management of trees in their farms. Some species like Acacia senegal, Azadirachta indica and Adansonia digitata inventoried in the farms have been planted and conserved with others from natural regeneration.

Sylvicultural and cultural operations used by farmers for tree management in the fields are many and diverse. The more used operations are improved clearing, pruning and by staking plant. Nevertheless, farmers use some practices which do not favour the preservation of trees in the farms. Some of them are abusive cutting, groundnut growing, bark removal, use of animals for plowing and illegal cutting of trees by transhumant herders. Pharmacopeia, construction and energy, fodder, human food are the principal uses of tree species in this region.

The most harvested tree organs are wood, leaves, fruits and barks. Benefits derived from trees are what make farmers to manage and protect trees in their farms without external intervention. La course au logement social. Full Text Available Vengono descritte e illustrate due nuove specie sintopiche di Typhloreicheia della Sardegna sud -orientale: Lamella copulatrice costituita da una lamina allungata con apice arrotondato, con la porzione dorsale nettamente sclerificata in forma di artiglio. La spettacolare radiazione adattativa del genere Typhloreicheia in Sardegna, recentemente proposta e discussa da uno degli autori del presente contributo A.

Read more about Crise du virus Ebola: New research into HIV Read more about Planification de The basic information about the reaction dynamics comes from the hadronic distribution. The proton rapidity distribution shows significantly increased stopping compared to lighter systems, implying the formation of a state of high baryon density. Unlike reactions at this energy induced by lighter heavy ions, at low m t - m 0 the proton invariant spectra deviate from a single exponential shape and become fear,. The inverse slope parameter increases faster for particles of larger mass as the number of participants in the reaction increases, an indication of increased effect of radial expansion in central collision.

Anti-proton Needs have been measured recently, and unfortunately a comparison among current results from different experiments indicates discrepancy. Nuclear spin of Au and hyperfine structure of Au. The spin of Au indicates a deformed nuclear shape in the ground state. Le 1er apprenti arriva au CERN en The atomic structures and the corresponding physicochemical properties of peptide coated Au nanoclusters determine their distinctive biological targeting applications.

To learn the modulation of amino acid ligand on the atomic structure and electronic characteristics of coated Au core is the fundamental knowledge for peptide coated Au nanocluster design and construction. Based on our recent coated Au nanocluster configuration study Nanoscale, , 8, , we built the typically simplified Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys system to more clearly learn the basic modulation information of amino acid ligand on Au core by the density functional theory DFT calculations.

There are two isomers as ligand adjacent bonding Iso1 and diagonal bonding Iso2 to Au 13 cores. The geometry optimizations indicate the adjacent bonding Iso1 is more stable than Iso2. More important, the Au 13 core of Iso1 distorts much more significantly than that of Iso2 by Cys- Au -Cys bonding through the root-mean-square deviation RMSD analysis, which modulate their electronic characteristics in different ways. In addition, the frontier molecular orbital results of Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys isomers confirm that the Au cores mainly determine the blue shifts of Au 13 Cys- Au -Cys systems versus the original Au 13 core in their UV-visible absorption spectrum studies.

The configuration of Au 13 core performs deformation under Cys- Au -Cys ligand modulation to reach new stability with distinct atomic structure and electronic properties, which could be the theory basis for peptide coated Au NCs design and construction. Colloidal metal nanocrystals with strong, stable, and tunable localized surface plasmon resonances SPRs can be useful in a corrosive environment for many applications including field-enhanced spectroscopies, plasmon-mediated catalysis, etc.

Here, a new synthetic strategy is reported that enables the epitaxial growth of a homogeneously alloyed Au Ag shell on Au nanorod seeds, circumventing the phase segregation of Au and Ag encountered in conventional synthesis. The resulting core—shell structured bimetallic nanorods AuNR Au Ag have well-mixed Au and Ag atoms in their shell without discernible domains. This degree of mixing allows AuNR Au Ag to combine the high stability of Au with the superior plasmonic activity of Ag, thus outperforming seemingly similar nanostructures with monometallic shells e. When incubated with a H2O2 solution 0.

The synthetic strategy is versatile to fabricate Au Ag alloyed shells on different shaped Au , with prospects for new possibilities in the synthesis and application of plasmonic nanocrystals. Full Text Available Pluvial flooding already challenges the capacity of drainage and sewerage system in urban areas in Scandinavia.

For system owners this requires a stricter prioritization when improving the systems. Experts seem to agree that a regime shift from improving old combined sewers by piped solutions to more sustainable drainage systems SuDS , must take place. In this paper results from an investigation amongst the largest cities in Norway, Denmark and Sweden concerning drivers and preferred methods for improving the old system are presented.

The results indicate that Norway ranks flood prevention lower than the other Scandinavian countries. During the last decades, Norwegian authorities have had a strong focus on pollution from wastewater treatment plants WWTP. The attention to drainage and sewerage system regarding flooding, water leaks, infiltration or pollution has been neglected. Renewal or rate of investment in relation to existing drainage and sewerage system is easy to register, and provides a measure of the activity. In order to optimize flood prevention, and may be promoting the use of SuDS , the cities should be required to measure the efficiency, either by monitoring or modeling the impact of stormwater to the system.

Lack of such requirements from Norwegian authorities seem to be a plausible explanation to why Norwegian cities are less focused on flood prevention compared to Swedish and Danish cities. Making Space for Water: Expansion of the city of Newcastle included a new development of over houses and an associated commercial area on agricultural land. The development firmly signed up to the notion that the new estate should adhere to full SUDs design and implementation. In essence there should be no loss of floodplain capacity, the total runoff from the new housing should not increase flood risk downstream and benefits to ecology, recreation and amenity should be fully maximised.

Credit must be given to Newcastle City Council, the Environment Agency, the local water company and the developers themselves as a full set of large scale SUDs now exist and they are clearly an asset to the city. However, such a large scale landscape engineering endeavour has not been without direct and indirect problems. This paper reviews some of the experiences, problems and lessons learnt from SUDs implementation, the function of SUDs during flood events and the perception of SUDs by the public.

During the life of the project several older estates close to the new development suffered from two major flood events; including foul water inundation, the drowning out of sewer overflows and intense flash flooding. These floods at first gave rise to the public perception that the new development had caused the flooding. During a research project entitled 'making space for water', the instrumentation of the river in the area and the SUDs took place.

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The hydrological data this produced has given rise to a mixture of positive and negative aspects of SUDs implementation. The cause of one flood was due to the drowning out of key sewer overflows by locally generated by urban flood flow arising from an upstream estate. The second flood was caused by a 48 hour storm event giving rise to high runoff from the rural area again drowning out key sewer overflows.

The SUDs were found to perform well during storm events and do not increase runoff from the new estates. The main fundamental complaint is that despite such. We have used scanning and transmission electron microscopes SEM and TEM to study the structure of a pentacene thin film grown on a Au layer with and shown that it consists of randomly oriented amorphous pentacene clusters.

We have also investigated the transport properties of amorphous pentacene in a metal-semiconductor-metal MSM diode structure and shown that the current is logarithmically proportional to the square root of the applied voltage, which indicates that transport occurs as the result of hopping between localized sites randomly distributed in space and energy. A total of twenty-four species are recognized; among the recorded taxa Configuration dependent deformation in Au.

Maximum Entropy MaxEnt modeling software was used to create this National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This raster denotes predicted habitat suitability for all mesophotic corals in the Au'au Channel region. Maximum Entropy MaxEnt modeling software was used to The obtained metastable nanoalloys exhibit essential thermal stability.

The electronic properties of Au crystal and nano Au have been investigated by theory and experiment. Molecularly capped nano- Au was synthesized using the two-phase method. They retain the fcc crystal structure. Their sizes have been determined to be in a range from 5. Both theory and experiment show that the nano- Au particles have essentially all the Au L3 XANES features of bulk Au in the near edge region with less pronounced resonance peaks. It is also shown that nano Au exhibits lower 4f binding energy than bulk Au in good agreement with quantum confined Au systems reported previously.

This kind of sausage was manufactured only from beef and spices in a traditional way without the addition of a starter cultures. Preliminary identification by phenotypic tests and 16S rDNA sequencing were performed for all of the Lisolates. Identification of Lstrains from traditionally produced Bosnian sausage at the species level revealed the presence of six genera: Among the 15 distinct species identified, the species Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactococcus lactis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus durans were present throughout the entire process of fermentation.

Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus lactis prevailed, with Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus durans and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were the best producers of aromogenic compounds while Becoming independent through au pair migration. This article argues that, despite this critique, au pairing does play an important formative role for young Filipinas because it opens up for experiences abroad that enable them to be recognised as independent adults in Philippine society.

Rather than autonomy, however, au pairs define their independence English for au pairs the au pair's guide to learning English. English for Au Pairs has interlinked stories about a group of au pairs new to England. Marta, an year-old from Poland arrives in the UK to work as an au pair. Throughout her year-long stay she has many different experiences - some bad, some good - but with the support of her host family she finds new friends and improves her English.

English for Au Pairs offers insight into the joys and difficulties of being an au pair while at the same time reinforcing English language learning through grammar explanations and exercises. Il devient donc difficile The He Au F was predicted to have a linear structure with weak He- Au covalent bonding,the distance of which is closer to the covalent limit in comparison with the corresponding van der Waals limit.

Au , Ag and Au: Ag colloidal nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation as SERS substrates. Full Text Available Chemically pure colloidal suspensions of gold and silver nanoparticles were synthesized using pulsed laser ablation. The dependence of laser fluence on the surface plasmon characteristics of the nanoparticles was investigated. Ag colloidal suspensions were prepared by mixing highly monodisperse Au and Ag nanocolloids.


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The plasmon band of these mixtures was found to be highly sensitive to Au: Ag concentration ratio and wavelength of the laser beam used in the ablation process. Ag mixture consists of almost spherical shaped nanostructures with a tendency to join with adjacent ones. The surface enhanced Raman scattering activity of the Au , Ag and Au: Ag colloidal suspensions was tested using crystal violet as probe molecules. Enhancement in Raman signal obtained with Au: Ag substrates was found to be promising and strongly depends on its plasmon characteristics.

Data were collected by the Delta Steamship Co. Data were collected by the Delta The synthesis of Au AgAu yolk-shell cuboctahedra nanoparticles formed by galvanic replacement in a seed-mediated method is described. Initially, single-crystal Au seeds are used for the formation of Au Ag core-shell nanocubes, which serve as the template material for the deposition of an external Au layer. The Au core maintains the initial morphology of the seed and remains static at the center of the yolk-shell because of residual Ag. Structural analysis of the shell indicates intrinsic stacking faults SFs near the surface.

The three-dimensional structure of the nanoparticles presented open facets on the [] as observed by electron tomography SIRT reconstruction over a stack of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy HAADF-STEM images. The geometrical model was validated by analyzing the direction of streaks in coherent nanobeam diffraction NBD. It examines the context and nature of AU and EU security relations and explores the conditions under which partnership has a positive impact in this regard. This includes an evaluation The article concludes that events leading up to and initiatives following the Joint Africa—European Union Strategy have produced a degree of AU and EU convergence, which has had limited impact on the efficacy Redefining the "Normal" Worker: While the need to reconcile work and family life has been recognized in discrete ways in legislation and policy over the years, there has not been a substantial shift away from the archetype of the "unencumbered" male worker to a new model of the "normal" worker.

In Canada and elsewhere, legislative protection does not allow women or men to effectively reconcile work and family responsibilities over the life cycle. This paper examines the different ways in which work-family balance is regulated, with a focus on the Canadian federal jurisdiction and the province of Quebec, and underlines the need for coherent labor and social policy. The paper also explores the development of multi-stakeholder initiatives on work-family balance, including the development of voluntary standards and a proposal for a work-family "framework" law to ensure coherence among different laws and programs affecting work-family balance.

The paper concludes by confirming the need to move away from an individualized approach toward a more mainstreamed and collectivized approach to work-family balance. Synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic Au Pt and Au Pd core-shell nanoplates from hexagonal-close-packed Au square sheets. The synthesis of ultrathin face-centered-cubic fcc Au Pt rhombic nanoplates is reported through the epitaxial growth of Pt on hexagonal-close-packed hcp Au square sheets Au SSs. The Pt-layer growth results in a hcp-to-fcc phase transformation of the Au SSs under ambient conditions.

Interestingly, the obtained fcc Au Pt rhombic nanoplates demonstrate a unique f orientation with the same atomic arrangement extending from the Au core to the Pt shell. Importantly, this method can be extended to the epitaxial growth of Pd on hcp Au SSs, resulting in the unprecedented formation of fcc Au Pd rhombic nanoplates with f orientation. Additionally, a small amount of fcc f-oriented Au Pt and Au Pd square nanoplates are obtained with the Au Pt and Au Pd rhombic nanoplates, respectively. We believe that these findings will shed new light on the synthesis of novel noble bimetallic nanostructures.

A phase transformation from hexagonal close-packed hcp to face-centered cubic fcc is observed upon coating the hcp Au square sheets with Pt or Pd under ambient conditions. The prepared fcc Au Pt and Au Pd rhombic nanoplates demonstrate unique f orientation picture shows a typical fcc Au Pt rhombic nanoplate. Et pourquoi pas au CERN? Local structure of disordered Au -Cu and Au -Ag alloys. In the Au 0. Photodestructive efficiency was evaluated as a function of the number of nanoparticles required to destroy the cancer cells under nm laser wavelength at fixed laser power.

Additionally, we found that HeLa cells seem to present better heat tolerance than the other two cancer cell lines. Intense fluorescence of Au Ligand-protected Au clusters are non-bleaching fluorescence markers in bio- and medical applications. We show that their fluorescence is an intrinsic property of the Au cluster itself. The cluster shows a very rich absorption fine structure reminiscent of well defined molecule-like quantum levels. These levels are resolved since Au 20 has only one stable isomer tetrahedral , therefore our sample is mono-disperse in cluster size and conformation.

Density-functional theory DFT and time-dependent DFT calculations clarify the nature of optical absorptionand predict both main absorption peaks and intrinsic fluorescence in good agreement with experiment. Interplanetary shock phenomena beyond 1 AU. Attention is given to spatial dependences exhibited by spacecraft measurements obtained between 1 and 30 AU , together with temporal variations occurring between solar activity cycle maxima and minima.

At AU radial distances, shocks develop in association with the corotating solar wind streams characterizing solar minimum and accelerate solar wind evolution with distance while heating the solar wind and generating waves and turbulence. At solar maximum, shocks are observed more frequently at 1 AU but still in association with transient solar events; acceleration leading to energetic storm particles is observed both within and beyond 1 AU.

The superimposed effect of large numbers of intense shocks may be responsible for the solar cycle modulation of galactic cosmic rays. The SUD 1 gene encodes a putative E3 ubiquitin ligase and is a positive regulator of 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity in Arabidopsis. The 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase HMGR enzyme catalyzes the major rate-limiting step of the mevalonic acid MVA pathway from which sterols and other isoprenoids are synthesized. In contrast with our extensive knowledge of the regulation of HMGR in yeast and animals, little is known about this process in plants.

To identify regulatory components of the MVA pathway in plants, we performed a genetic screen for second-site suppressor mutations of the Arabidopsis thaliana highly drought-sensitive drought hypersensitive2 dry2 mutant that shows decreased squalene epoxidase activity. These results highlight similarities, as well as important mechanistic differences, among the components involved in HMGR regulation in plants, yeast, and animals.

Proton channeling in Au at low energies. The electronic energy loss for low velocity protons channeled in the direction single crystal Au is calculated. The proton trajectories are determined by numerical integration of the classical motion equation, and the energy loss is evaluated using the calculated valence electronic density in the friction term. The results allow to describe qualitatively the non linear behavior of energy loss with ion velocity observed experimentally. Asymmetric nanocrystals have practical significance in nanotechnologies but present fundamental synthetic challenges.

Thiol ligands have proven effective in breaking the symmetric growth of metallic nanocrystals but their exact roles in the synthesis remain elusive. On the basis of our experimental observations, we unraveled for the first time that the thiol could cause an inhomogeneous distribution of surface strains on the seed crystals as well as a modulated reduction rate of metal precursors, which jointly induced the asymmetric growth of monometallic dimers. The expected economic growth in these areas should contribute to a rise in oil demand by about 5.

The proceeding investments of the regional, refining industry are very high some evaluations come to around billions of dollars, all the more the protection of the environment takes an increasing significant place.

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Accordingly the most important challenge to be taken up by these countries will be to mobilize long term fundings to develop and adapt the capabilities of the refineries to meet the growth of gasoline and gasoil demand. L'apprentissage dure 4 ans. Within the current world context of the growth of reserves and consumption of natural gas, the Southeast Asia area is due for special analysis for several reasons.

In particular, an effort must be made to understand the mutations taking place and the stakes in the growing interest producers and consumers are showing in this energy source. The economic performances of combined-cycle power plants make natural gas a competitive energy source for use in generating electricity. Many countries in the area have to cope with a very fast increase in the demand for electricity and have been led to introduce this type of equipment in their plans to expand their electric power plants.

This policy enables them to make use of an energy source to which access is initially constrained by necessity, because of the presence of economies of scale, to consume large volumes. Consumption by the electric sector effectively markes it possible for all these countries to consume this energy in industrial and residential-tertiary sectors where its specific qualities are readily apparent. The introduction of natural gas is also a way of diversifying energy supplies.

The facility is mainly devoted to the treatment of ocular diseases like uveal melanoma. A beam treatment line in air has been assembled together with a dedicated positioning patient system. The facility has been in operation since the beginning of and 66 patients have been successfully treated up to now. The main features of CATANA together with the clinical and dosimetric features will be extensively described; particularly, the proton beam line, that has been entirely built at LNS, with all its elements, the experimental transversal and depth dose distributions of the MeV proton beam obtained for a final collimator of mm diameter and the experimental depth dose distributions of a modulated proton beam obtained for the same final collimator.

Finally, the clinical results over 1 yr of treatments, describing the features of the treated diseases will be reported. The target, irradiated by MeV protons, was arranged in a stack consisting of Au , Al foils and Pb plates. The yields of produced radio-nuclei in Au foils were obtained by gamma-ray spectroscopy. The FLUKA code was employed to calculate the energy spectrum of protons onto the front surface of Au foils located at three different depth points of the target and also to investigate the condition of incident beam on the target.

A good agreement was found between the beam intensity measurements using the activation analysis method at three different depth points of the target. An excellent agreement was also observed between the beam intensity measurements using the Au activation analysis method and the dosimetry method using Gafchromic film.

Full Text Available Catalytic activity of nano- Au -catalyst s for the complete propane oxidation was investigated. The results showed that the nature of both Au precursor and support strongly influences catalytic activity of the Au -catalyst s for the propane oxidation.

Oxidation state, size, and dispersion of Au nanoparticles in the Au -catalysts, surface area, crystallinity, phase structure, and redox property of the support are the key aspects for the complete propane oxidation. Being able to precisely control the morphologies of noble metallic nanostructures is of essential significance for promoting the surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS effect.

With the same reaction condition system applied, we obtain four well-designed heterostructures with diverse shapes, including Au concave nanocuboids Au CNs , Au Ag crystalizing face central cube nanopeanuts, Au Pd porous nanocuboids and Au Pt nanotrepangs. Subsequently, the exact overgrowth mechanism of the above heterostructural building blocks is further analysed via the systematic optimiziation of a series of fabrications.

We expect to be able to supply a facile strategy for the fabrication of multimetallic heterogeneous nanostructures, exploring the high SERS effect and catalytic activities. These refer to the detector displacement and mechanical installation at GSI, the tests before beam i.

Also mentioned as fields of extensive studies are: Si les graines occupent une place de premier plan dans l'alimentation des oiseaux, The extraction characteristic of Au -Ag from Au concentrate by thiourea solution. The cyanidation process has been used commercially for the past years, there are ores that are not amenable to treatment by cyanide.

Interest in alternative lixiviants, such as thiourea, halogens, thiosulfate and malononitrile, has been revived as a result of a major increase in gold price, which has stimulated new developments in extraction technology, combined with environmental concern. The Au extraction process using the thiourea solvent has many advantages over the cyanidation process, including higher leaching rates, faster extraction time and less than toxicity.

The purpose of this study was investigated to the extraction characteristic of Au -Ag from two different Au concentrate sulfuric acid washing and roasting under various experiment conditions thiourea concentration, pH of solvent, temperature by thiourea solvent. The result of extraction experiment showed that the Au -Ag extraction was a fast extraction process, reaching equilibrium maximum extraction rate within 30 min.

The Au -Ag extraction rate was higher in the roasted concentrate than in the sulfuric acid washing. The higher the Au -Ag extraction rate Au - The simulations of decay process using the ETNA code indicate the sensitivity of some observables to different studied break-up geometries. The enhanced properties were ascribed to the surface plasmon resonance SPR effect of Au nanoparticles, which could contribute to the separation of photo-excited electrons and holes and facilitate the process of absorbing visible light.

The ratios of antiparticle to particle yields near mid-rapidity are presented. The first measurements of the invariant yields of charged pions, kaons and protons at very low transverse momenta are also shown. In this paper, Au Cu2O core-shell heterostructures are prepared by a seed-growth method, using different-shaped Au nanocrystals as the seeds such as nanorods, octahedra, decahedra, dots, and nanocubes.

The results revealed that the final structure of Au Cu2O was greatly influenced by the shape of the seeds used. The size of the product can also be tuned by the amount of the seeds. The results reported here provide a thinking clue to modulate the shape and size of core-shell nanocrystals, which is useful in developing new materials with desired performance. Convergence of Interests between Particularists Religious Actors. By fostering interaction globalization can question socio-political rigidity.

This was the case with kemalist Turkey. Part and parcel of national identity, Turkish Islam is increasingly involved in the socio-political set up in the form of a global ideology. Recognizable locally, this process also carries international weight. Monotheistic Islam has acted in Turkey as a go-between: Pd rhombic nanoplates, respectively. The measured values are compared with previous results and theoretical calculations.


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Synthesis and characterization in Au Cu—Si nanostructures. The alloys were prepared by thermal diffusion into a vacuum oven with argon atmosphere at K during 1 h. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed different phases of Au Cu and CuSi alloys in the samples after annealing process. CuSi alloys were mainly obtained for Cu alloys with The formed alloys were characterized by scanning electron microscopy SEM , atomic force microscopy AFM , transmission electron microscopy TEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS to study the morphology and the elemental concentration of the formed alloys.

Au nanoparticles films used in biological sensing. Lactobacillus para paracasei are used commonly as functional food and probiotic substances. In this work Au nanoparticles self-assembled films were used for Lactobacillus para paracasei determination at five different concentrations. Functionalized substrates were immersed in a colloidal solution for one and a half hour at room temperature and dried at room temperature during four hours.

After that, drops of Lactobacillus para paracasei in aqueous solution were put into the Au nanoparticles film and let dry at room temperature for another two hours. Infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance sampling mode was used to observe generation peaks due to substrate silanization, enhancement of Si-O band intensity due to the Au colloids added to silanized substrate and also to observe the enhancement of Lactobacillus para paracasei infrared intensity of the characteristic frequencies at , and cm -1 due to surface enhancement infrared absorption.

Nonetheless, with the present energy crisis and the rapid development of the local steel industry, all countries possessing coal deposits are undertaking research to evaluate accurately their potential resources of coal, the most traditional energy source and the indispensable raw material for the production of foundry coke. In this paper will be discussed the resources of those South Americon countries known to have coal reserves: Au nanorice assemble electrolytically into mesostars.

Star-shaped mesotructures are formed when an aqueous suspension of Au nanorice particles, which consist of prolate hematite cores and a thin Au shell, is subjected to an electric current. The nanorice particles assemble to form hyperbranched micrometer-scale mesostars. To our knowledge, this is the first reported observation of nanoparticle assembly into larger ordered structures under the influence of an electrochemical process H 2 O electrolysis. The assembly is accompanied by significant modifications in the morphology, dimensions, chemical composition, crystallographic structure, and optical properties of the constituent nanoparticles.

Transformation et commercialisation des chips de banane plantain au The results revealed that the final structure of Au Cu2O was greatly influenced by This is a valuable process as currently furfuryl alcohol is derived from crude oil but it is possible to derive furfural from corn husk making it a greener process These core data concern the three saline carbonated aquifers of the Middle Jurassic: Located at — to — m sub sea in the studied sector, these carbonate reservoirs which cumulative thickness is about m, outcrop in the Burgundy region, at about 80 km south-eastern the Sector where they are exploited in several quarries.

The analysis of the routine measurements porosity and permeability gathered for this study allowed to improve the knowledge of the petrophysical properties. Special measurements mercury injection tests allowed to characterize the porous medium. Para lo cual se han empleado conocimientos adquiridos en las asignaturas del grado como: Ses rapports avec l'eustatisme.

Les acteurs de sexe Surface structure of AU 3Cu The surface morphology, composition, and structure of Au 3Cu as determined by scanning tunneling microscopy and surface x-ray diffraction are presented. Atomic resolution STM images reveal distinctive geometric features. The analysis of the surface x-ray diffraction data provides clear evidence The unique properties of gold especially in low temperature CO oxidation have been ascribed to a combination of various effects.

In particular, particle sizes below a few nm and specific particle-support interactions have been shown to play important roles. On the contrary, recent reports revealed that monolithic nanoporous gold np Au prepared by leaching a less noble metal, such as Ag, out of the corresponding alloy can also exhibit remarkably high catalytic activity for CO oxidation, even though no support is present. Therefore, it was claimed to be a pure and unsupported gold catalyst. We investigated np Au with respect to its morphology, surface composition and catalytic properties.

In particular, we studied the reaction kinetics for low temperature CO oxidation in detail taking mass transport limitation due to the porous structure of the material into account. Our data suggest that this Ag plays a significant role in activation of molecular oxygen. Therefore, np Au should be considered as a bimetallic catalyst rather than a pure Au catalyst. Cette pathologie survient dans notre Sur le plan clinique, la A reagentless amperometric immunosensor based on nano- au and Molecules on vicinal Au surfaces studied by scanning tunnelling microscopy. Using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy we investigated the adsorption characteristics of 3,4,9,perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride and fullerenes on Au , Au , and Au On Au and Au , 3,4,9,perylenetetracarboxylic-dianhydride exhibits three coexisting superstructures, which do not reflect the periodicity of the hosting substrate.

The adsorption on Au leads to the formation of molecule chains along the step edges after annealing the sample. Fullerene molecules on Au arrange in a mesh of islands, which extends over several hundreds of nanometres with an extraordinarily high periodicity.

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A combination of fullerene adsorption and annealing leads to facetting of Au and the formation of extraordinarily long fullerene stripes. We found that three-particle correlation densities in different angular directions with respect to the triggered particle 'center', 'cone', 'deflected', 'near' and 'near-away' increase with the number of participants. The ratio of 'deflected' to 'cone' density approaches to 1. Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters have recently attracted considerable attention due to their size-dependent luminescence characterized by a long lifetime and large Stokes shift.

However, the optimization of nanocluster properties such as the luminescence quantum yield is still a challenge. We report here the transformation of Au 25Capt18 Capt labels captopril nanoclusters occurring at low pH and yielding a product with a much increased luminescence quantum yield which we have identified as Au 23Capt We applied a simple method of treatment with HCl to accomplish this transformation and we characterized the absorption and emission of the newly created ligated nanoclusters as well as their morphology.

Based on DFT calculations we show which Au nanocluster size transformations can lead to highly luminescent species such as Au 23Capt Synthesis and characterization of Au incorporated Alq3 nanowires. We report the synthesis and characterization of pure and Au incorporated Alq3 nanowires.

These nanowires are synthesized using thermal vapor transport method. The luminescence intensity of Au incorporated Alq3 nanowires are recorded to be higher than that of pure Alq3 nanowires, which is found to increase with the increase in Au concentration. Fluorescence quenching is also observed when Au concentration is increased beyond the certain limit.

Our contribution focusses on one particular aspect of collective flow of nuclear matter: We cover two topics, the comparison of neutrons and protons, and the bombarding energy dependence of the neutrons' squeeze-out. By varying the collision centrally and beam energy, a systematic search for indications of new phenomena and in-medium effects under high baryon density is undertaken. The systematic dependencies of the flow signal on the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, and centrality of the collision, as well as the beam energy are shown.

In addition, results of a 3-dimensional analysis of two-pion correlations in the GeV data are presented. The effect of Au amount on size uniformity of self-assembled Au nanoparticles. The self-assembled fabrication of nanostructure, a dreaming approach in the area of fabrication engineering, is the ultimate goal of this research. In this study, the moles of Au were fixed, only the moles of thiol were adjusted.

The mole ratios were 1: The size distributions of the gold nanoparticles were analyzed by Mac-View analysis software. HR-TEM was used to derive images of self-assembled gold nanoparticles. Under the condition of moles of Au fixed, the most homogeneous nanoparticles in size distribution derived with the mole ratio of 1: The obtained nanoparticles could be used, for example, in uniform surface nanofabrication, leading to the fabrication of ordered array of quantum dots. After that, the composite A stable gel of Au nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane PDMS nanocomposite is prepared by employing the curing agent of PDMS elastomer as a reducing agent for the formation of Au nanoparticles by an in-situ process.

The viscoelastic nature of these gels is very sensitive to the Au nanoparticle loading and the The point-defect of carbon nanotubes anchoring Au nanoparticles. In this study, we investigated the dispersion of Au nanoparticles on the CNTs by transmission electron microscopy and the bonding mechanism Preparation and use of m Au -containing liquid. A m Au -containing liquid is prepared by adsorbing m-Hg on an adsorption agent and then eluting the daughter radioisotope m- Au.

A radioisotope generator and the adsorption agent to be used in preparation of m Au -containing liquids are also claimed. The AGS Booster is a rapid cycling proton and heavy ion synchrotron. No collective signal is expected, or observed, but increasing the number of injected ions decreases the beam lifetime.

The spectra were measured for transverse momenta pT from 0. Two different projectiles Pb and Au at the same energy In this paper we present results on the study of energy damping and time scale of the existence of di-nuclear composite system in the intermediate reaction step. The plots of Q-values as well as reaction cross sections in various angular bins of scattering angles suggest that K. The time scale of this duration was also determined. Hollow Au Pd and Au Pt core-shell nanoparticles as electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation reactions. Here, preparation of hollow Au Pd and Au Pt core-shell nanoparticles NPs and their use as electrocatalysts are reported.

Seed-mediated growth and manipulation of Au nanorods via size-controlled synthesis of Au seeds. Seed-mediated growth of gold Au nanorods with highly controllable length, width, and aspect ratio was accomplished via carefully size-controlled synthesis of the original Au seeds. A slow dynamic growth of Au nanoparticle seeds was observed after reduction of the Au salt i.

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As such, the size of the Au nanoparticle seeds can therefore be manipulated through control over the duration of the reaction period i. Elle appartient donc au groupe ponctuel. The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region, is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. The consistencies of the constituent quark scaling, azimuthal harmonic model and a mini-jet modification model description of the data are tested, providing further constraints on hadronization.

The correlated yield at large angles, specifically in the ridge region , is found to be significantly higher for leading non-pions than pions. Incorporation of nano-sized metals in polymers can transfer their unique features to the host matrix, providing nanocomposite materials with improved optical, electric, magnetic and mechanical properties. In this work, colloidal Au nanorods have been incorporated into PMMA based random co-polymer, properly functionalized with amino groups and the optical and morphological properties of the resulting nanocomposite have been investigated by spectroscopic and AFM measurements.

Au nanorods have demonstrated to preserve the plasmon absorption and to retain morphological features upon the incorporation, thus making the final metal modified polymer composite exploitable for the fabrication of plasmonic devices. The prepared nanocomposites have been then patterned by Nano Imprint Lithography technique in order to demonstrate the viability of the materials towards optical applications. Photoswitchable Faraday effect in EuS- Au nanosystems. Effective photoswitchable europium sulfide nanocrystals with gold nanoparticles using dithiol DDT: Under visible-light irradiation, a drastic change of absorption band of EuS- Au nanosystems at around nm was observed.

The effective change of the MCD spectra of EuS- Au nanosystems under visible-light irradiation was successfully observed at around nm for the first time. The decrease rate of rotation angle at nm of EuS- Au nanosystems is larger than that of absorbance. These results indicate that the effective change of MCD spectra of EuS- Au nanosystems would be dominated not only by a drastic change of absorption band related to enhanced LSPR of Au nanoparticles but also by specific interaction between EuS and Au in nanosystem under irradiation.

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au Co nanochains. Full Text Available This manuscript describes a new type of nanomaterial, namely superparamagnetic Au Co nanochains with optical extinctions in the near infrared NIR. The Au Co nanochains were synthesized via a one-pot galvanic replacement route involving a redox-transmetalation process in aqueous medium, where Au salt was reduced to form Au shells on Co seed templates, affording hollow Au Co nanochains. The Au shells serve not only as a protective coating for the Co nanochain cores, but also to give rise to the optical properties of these unique nanostructures.

Importantly, these bifunctional, magneto-optical Au Co nanochains combine the advantages of nanophotonics extinction at ca. Mechanical properties and grindability of experimental Ti- Au alloys. Mechanical properties and grindability of the castings of the Ti- Au alloys were examined.

This higher strength can be explained by the solid-solution strengthening of the a titanium. There was no significant difference in the grinding rate and grinding ratio among all the Ti- Au alloys and the pure titanium at any speed. Synthesis of Pd- Au bimetallic nanocrystals via controlled overgrowth. This paper describes the synthesis of Pd- Au bimetallic nanocrystals with controlled morphologies via a one-step seeded-growth method.

Two different reducing agents, namely, L-ascorbic acid and citric acid, were utilized for the reduction of HAuCl 4 in an aqueous solution to control the overgrowth of Au on cubic Pd seeds. When L-ascorbic acid was used as the reducing agent, conformal overgrowth of Au on the Pd nanocubes led to the formation of Pd- Au nanocrystals with a core-shell structure. On the contrary, localized overgrowth of Au was observed when citric acid was used as the reducing agent, producing Pd- Au bimetallic dimers.

Through this morphological control, we were able to tune the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks of Pd- Au bimetallic nanostructures in the visible region. This was done by applying a constant current of 1. The effect of incorporated Au nanoparticles in PPy matrix was studied and the mechanism was suggested. Hou Xiaomiao; Zhang Xiaoling, E-mail: Au nanowires with length up to micrometers were synthesized through a simple and one-pot solution growth method.

As the non-polarity of noncoordinating solvents can affect the nucleation and growth rates of Au nanostructures, Au nanowires with different diameters could be obtained by changing the noncoordinating solvents in the synthetic process. The influences of the solvents on the morphology of Au nanowires were systematically studied. When using hexane as reaction solvent, the product turned to be high portion of Au nanowires with more uniform size than the others. Furthermore, surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS spectrum of 2-thionaphthol was obtained on the Au nanowire-modified substrate, indicating that the as-synthesized Au nanowires have potential for highly sensitive optical detection application.

Au -nanoparticles grafted on plasma treated PE. Polyethylene PE surface was treated with Ar plasma. Activated surface was grafted from methanol solution of 1,2-ethanedithiol. Then the sample was immersed into freshly prepared colloid solution of Au -nanoparticles. Finally Au layer was sputtered on the samples. Properties of the modified PE were studied using various methods: It was shown that the plasma treatment results in degradation of polymer chain AFM and creation of free radicals by EPR.

After grafting with dithiol, the concentration of free radicals declines. Plasma treatment changes PE surface morphology and increases surface roughness, too.

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Another significant change in surface morphology and roughness was observed after deposition of Au -nanoparticles. Nanoindentation measurements show that the grafting with Au -nanoparticles increases adhesion of subsequently sputtered Au layer. Ionic complexes between gold and C 60 have been observed for the first time. The C 60 - Au -C 60 dumbbell structure represents a new architecture in fullerene chemistry that might be replicable in synthetic nanostructures. Separation of Au III and various carrier-free radionuclides by solvent extraction was investigated using an Au target irradiated by an energetic heavy-ion beam.

Percentage extraction of Au III and coextraction of the radionuclides were determined with varying parameters such as kinds of solvent, molarity of HCl or pH, and Au concentration. Coextraction of radionuclides of some elements was found to increase with an increase in the concentration of Au III. This finding is ascribed to the formation of strong association of the complex of these elements with chloroauric acid. In order to avoid serious loss of these elements by the extraction, lowering of the Au III concentration or the use of a masking agent such as sodium citrate is necessary.

Gold III was shown to be effectively back extracted with a 0. Thus, a radiochemical procedure has been established for preparing a carrier-free multitracer and an Au tracer with carrier form from an Au target irradiated with a heavy-ion beam. Both tracers are now used individually for chemical and biological experiments. The asymmetric design may be effective to realize an imaging spectrometer. Distinct two exponential decays observed for X-ray events are consistent with a two-step R-T curve. A theoretical thermal model for noise in multi-pixel devices reasonably explains the experimental data.

La cardiomyopathie dilatee au centre hospitalier Universitaire Decay of Hg to Au. A level scheme with eight definite and two tentative levels is presented; gamma branching ratios are shown. Here we present a comprehensive structural and morphological study of a series of trilayers with nm Co layer thickness fabricated on glass by ultrahigh vacuum vapour deposition.

We use a combination of in situ electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy and x-ray scattering to determine the optimum deposition conditions for highly textured, flat and continuous layered structures. Je donne l'exemple du village d'Upton: L'autosuffisance alimentaire, c'est important.

C'est faux, c'est une subvention, une nouvelle subvention. Cela n'est pas acceptable. J'aimerais bien moi aussi vivre dans un rang, dans la nature. Travailler dans le domaine agroalimentaire est une vocation. Je le dis souvent aux producteurs agricoles. Les producteurs me le disent.

Cela fera partie de mon discours. Ce n'est pas juste par rapport au Canada, c'est aussi vrai pour ce qui est de l'Europe. Je ne pense pas que nous puissions comparer ces deux situations. Ce genre de tactique trompeuse devrait susciter une bonne dose de scepticisme. Les relations commerciales entre le Canada et l'Europe sont trop importantes pour que nous nous permettions de nous tromper.

Nous pouvons faire mieux. Les faits montrent qu'un tel programme est non seulement viable, mais aussi rentable pour le gouvernement. Le NPD soutient le commerce. Il y a lieu de se demander pourquoi. En voici un extrait:. Il s'agit d'un avantage injuste sur le plan de la main-d'oeuvre. Port Alberni est un port en eau profonde.

J'aimerais savoir s'il s'agit encore de belles paroles sans suite. Or, ces lois, nous devons les honorer. Il me semble qu'il devrait s'agir de l'article premier de n'importe quel accord commercial. Il n'y a eu aucune analyse, aucune discussion. Le cabotage est une protection dont jouit l'industrie maritime du Canada aux termes de la Loi sur le cabotage.

Nous devons nous dresser fermement contre cette menace. Plus nous en savons sur les changements climatiques, plus nous savons que nous devons agir. Ce sont autant de choses que nous oublions parfois, outre notre famille, nos amis et nos collaborateurs qui nous soutiennent dans notre travail. Pourquoi est-ce le cas? Ce n'est malheureusement pas ce qui se passe dans le cas de ces accords ponctuels.

J'ai donc encore quelques questions au sujet de la maintenance et de l'approvisionnement aux termes de l'AECG. Je vais utiliser cela comme exemple. Je crains que, si nous signons un accord comme celui-ci, nous soyons pris longtemps avec des accords d'extraction des ressources du genre, qui ne sont souhaitables ni pour les Canadiens, ni pour l'environnement, ni pour qui que ce soit dans le monde, si ce n'est les entreprises qui en tireront des profits.

Par exemple, on ne les voit pas dans cet accord commercial. Je ne vois rien de cela nulle part. Je remercie donc Peter Duncan. L'AECG aura aussi d'importantes incidences sur les secteurs de l'agriculture et de l'agroalimentaire en Alberta. Elle a fait plusieurs innovations dans le domaine de l'agriculture durable. Nulle trace non plus du cadre sur l'application efficace des lois environnementales. Toutes ces mesures sont pourtant essentielles pour que le gouvernement soit tenu de rendre des comptes.

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Chaque fois que je l'entends parler, elle nous en apprend sur ce sujet. Tous les jours, je travaille pour Il y a beaucoup d'agriculteurs et de producteurs laitiers. Cependant, l'accord entre le Canada et l'Europe va aussi l'affecter. Cela me fait mal au coeur. Je parle de cette fromagerie, mais il s'agit aussi de nos producteurs laitiers.

Parfois, je me demande si le gouvernement n'a pas une dent contre la main qui nous nourrit. En rassemblant des musiciens et des artistes talentueux, le concert recueille des fonds pour les organisations communautaires locales. Rona Ambrose chef de l'opposition, PCC: Elles avaient lieu une fois tous les quatre ou cinq ans.

Eh bien, c'est effectivement ainsi que les choses devraient se passer, mais le premier ministre sacrifie maintenant sa directrice nationale. Nous savons que seuls les Canadiens peuvent faire un don aux partis politiques canadiens. C'est le mot corruption. Je n'ai que quelques questions. Est-ce vraiment si difficile? Nous allons continuer de dialoguer avec les Canadiens. C'est ce qui nous anime. C'est cela changer ensemble.

La France n'impose aucune taxe de ce genre. Les Canadiens sont d'accord. Pourquoi veut-elle encore imposer aux Canadiens un accord qui leur fera du tort? Une loi, cela passe ou cela ne passe pas. Ma question est simple: Quel est le plan du gouvernement pour venir en aide aux familles qui doivent subir ces augmentations pour faire garder leurs enfants? Pourquoi le gouvernement ne respecte-t-il pas ses promesses et laisse-t-il tomber nos enfants?

Pourquoi le gouvernement refuse-t-il de faire ce que les Canadiens veulent: Nous allons travailler avec les provinces et les territoires pour promouvoir la vaccination. Simon Marcil Mirabel, BQ: De combien la taxe sur le carbone augmenterait-elle les budgets familiaux? Combien de particuliers passeront sous le seuil de faible revenu en raison de cette taxe? Quelle serait l'incidence de la taxe sur le carbone sur les habitants de chaque province? Voici ce que la ministre a dit:. Une taxe sur le carbone n'est pas une mesure anodine. Comme ces renseignements doivent exister, il faut les communiquer aux Canadiens.

Ils demandent aussi au Parlement d'appuyer les projets de loi C et C , la loi de Kassandra. Notre province a perdu un emploi sur cinq dans le secteur des ressources naturelles, un emploi sur quatre dans le secteur secondaire et un emploi sur cinq dans le secteur agricole. Je parle des gens qui travaillent dans les fermes, des producteurs laitiers, en fait ceux qui nourrissent nos enfants. Selon nous, il incombe au gouvernement de conclure de meilleures ententes commerciales, notamment au chapitre des droits de la personne et des normes du travail, ainsi que de la protection de l'environnement et des emplois canadiens.

C'est extraordinaire pour eux et nous en sommes fiers. Ce sont pourtant des emplois directs. Aujourd'hui, nous sommes en train de discuter d'un projet de loi, parce qu'il n'y a toujours pas d'entente. On n'a pas le droit de faire du fromage si on ne le fait pas avec du lait. Ma question est la suivante.