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Meanings by Kanji
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Though not a unified movement, there was a general trend towards increased kanji use. NHK 's dictionary of new character usage also reduced the amount of mazegaki used.
KABUKI GLOSSARY (K)
Computers have also moved towards a standard form following the printed character forms. These kanji remained unchanged in the alterations made to the list in The use of kanji as part of Japanese orthography has been a matter of debate since at least the end of the Edo period. The use of kanji has been criticised for various reasons, the main criticisms being:.
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These criticisms led to arguments that reduction or eradication of kanji was a matter of national interest. Other advocates of kanji reform include the following:. Though the intention was to have words requiring characters that were not included on the list to be substituted with a suitable synonym, in reality, the rule was circumvented by writing these kanji in kana and making mazegaki commonplace.
The use of common kanji in place of uncommon ones with the same reading is known as kakikae "changed writing". Various hybrid simplifications also exist, using simpler non-standard characters. This is generally used in handwriting instead of print, and these characters are known as ryakuji "abbreviated characters".
Advocates of the method explain that it makes content easier to read and will attract a wider audience, while critics argue that it is sloppy and erodes traditional culture. Further, mazegaki is criticized because in some respects it makes the text more difficult to read, as it is not clear that the hiragana are part of a content word, and not okurigana or performing a grammatical function inflection or particles. As they are phonetic substitutions, one of the problems with using mazegaki and kakikae is that the original meaning of the word is not clear from the characters.
Kanji have both sound and meaning, and most compounds are created by combining both ateji use only sound, however. Although there are some examples where kakikae uses a simpler character with a similar or related meaning and is generally not criticized, for the most part the substitutions have been purely phonetic and the practices of mazegaki and kakikae have been criticised for legitimising sloppy Japanese and eroding part of Japanese culture.
Though this removed incompatibilities with the accepted gaiji forms in the Windows environment, it did raise concerns that the characters would be displayed differently depending on the version of Windows system used, re-creating the problems that occurred in the shift from the old to new JIS character set. Microsoft allayed these fears by announcing that the standard Japanese fonts on Vista would be OpenType compatible, and old character forms could also be used by converting between variant forms.
In actuality, the Adobe Systems applications InDesign , Illustrator and the JustSystems application Ichitaro allow conversion of variant forms in software that have full support for OpenType. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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Japanese script reform
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