Die Fehler vor dem Angebot: Wenn die Differenzierung fehlt (German Edition)

Mai wird vorgeschlagen, einen eigenen Kandidaten zu benennen. Dies wird jedenfalls von Organen von Aktiengesellschaften, insbesondere solchen von DAX-Gesellschaften, prominent vertreten. Auch die gesetzlichen Anforderungen haben zugenommen. Dabei wird anerkannt, dass sieben Mandate innerhalb des ThyssenKrupp Konzerns wahrgenommen werden. The shareholder Karl-Heinz Kensch, Aalen, submitted the following counter-motions on items 2, 3, 5, 6 and 14 on the agenda: These submissions contain not one word about the business methods used to generate these annual results, such as the destruction of jobs through the outsourcing of individual business areas with the aim of "disposing" of long-serving, "expensive" and highly skilled employees often civil servants with lame usually health-based justifications and to fill the positions this frees up with "cheap" staff, mostly temporary workers.

Mobile phone contracts for children and contracts with land owners are concluded "at the expense of third parties" with damage to health and assets e. This was pointed out to the members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board in person by affected shareholders at the extraordinary shareholders' meeting on November 19, and yet, despite knowledge to the better, the sights seen by the members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board and executive persons at the shareholders' meeting, as well as subsequent written correspondence, the Board of Management and Supervisory Board still claim there are "no athermic effects".

As no vote is scheduled for this point, this opinion is included in parts of the individual counter-motions. I reject this proposal for the appropriation of net income as the annual financial statements do not include any unlimited accruals for risks. Paying a dividend at this level means a nice bonus for the non-commercial shareholders at the point when it is paid, but it should be remembered that only he, as a non-commercial shareholder, has to bear the economic burden, which is many times higher than the few euros he receives as a dividend.

NO compensation payment is made to the tax-funded pensions fund for the pensions to be paid to employees forced into retirement see Item 1, para. NO compensation payment is made to the employment agencies for the redundant employees see Item 1, para. NO unlimited accrual is made for risks for damage to the health of the population and children in particular.

The members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board are very well aware of the risks to children and unborn babies in particular having carried out their own study http: Despite this knowledge the aggressive marketing of this unresearched HF technology continues — at the expense of the children's health see Item 1, para. NO unlimited accrual is made for risks for the liability of land owners. Land on which transmission facilities are situated are not covered by liability insurance the well known insurance companies refuse the land owner's request for liability insurance, citing the "incalculable risk" , meaning that absent an indemnity from liability, under German law the land owner is liable in full and without limitation.

NO unlimited accrual is made for risks for the loss of value suffered by land owners. According to a report by the "Ring deutscher Makler" an association of German real estate agents , land in the vicinity of transmission facilities can only be sold, if at all, with considerable price reductions of up to 50 percent. The same applies to letting.

These dangers and effects were listed in detail in the counter-motion submitted to the extraordinary shareholders' meeting in http: This was pointed out to the members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board in person by affected hyperelectrosensitive shareholders at the extraordinary shareholders' meeting on November 19, and yet, despite knowledge to the better, the sights seen by the members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board and executives of DTAG who were looking after the hyperelectrosensitive persons at the shareholders' meeting, as well as subsequent written correspondence, the Board of Management and Supervisory Board still claim there are "no athermic effects" following unanswered letter to DETAG http: I recommend other shareholders to vote against it and suggest that the Supervisory Board, Board of Management, and employees get down to work and make the relevant unlimited accruals for risks for the incalculable levels of damage.

I refuse to approve the actions of the Board of Management, as the Board of Management has not fulfilled its duties in the interests of DTAG in terms of sustainable and macroeconomically, socially acceptable corporate development. The Board of Management has acted in its own interests to maximize the personal profit of the human capital the employees and to increase its own personal power but to the macroeconomic detriment. Restructuring of the Group as a holding company with subsidiaries with profit and loss transfer and control agreements.

At the same time, the known risks and employees are also transferred to the subsidiaries. The "parent company" the members of the Board of Management still have control over them and the profits have to be transferred to the parent company, although the parent company is not liable for the risks and there is no unlimited accrual for risks. At the same time, this makes it easy to cut jobs at the public's expense — along the lines of privatizing the profits and socializing the costs. Warnings about significant damage to children and pregnant women are deliberately not passed on to customers http: The Board of Management's attitude to safety notices was plain to see at the extraordinary shareholders' meeting in Hanover in Everyone had to pass through a security check and hand in all items found that could even remotely be considered weapons for use against the members of the Board of Management and Supervisory Board even blunt scissors.

Warnings issued by mobile phone manufacturers not to turn phones on "in shielding areas or in the vicinity of metal constructions" as this could lead to interference that impairs health were neither checked nor enforced. Although there were signs at all entrances prohibiting photography and sound recordings as well as signs prohibiting cameras and tape recorders, the security staff did not check anybody for mobile phones with cameras and voice recording functions.

During the event itself various people used the camera phones — to which nobody had raised any objections — to record both images and sound without the security staff which in some cases was standing right next to them doing anything about it. Although the Board of Management and the company had been informed prior to the shareholders' meeting that hyperelectrosensitive persons would have to actively take part in the event to personally present the counter-motion absolutely NOTHING was done to reduce the electromagnetic field at the venue. This raises the suspicion that the intention was to prevent a hyperelectrosensitive person from attending for the purpose of presenting the counter-motion!

This is a conscious and therefore deliberate inequality of treatment and discrimination of minorities and the handicapped. I recommend to the others also to vote against it and I propose that the actions of the Board of Management not be approved. Resolution on the approval of the actions of the members of the Supervisory Board for the financial year. I refuse to approve the actions of the Supervisory Board, as the Supervisory Board has not fulfilled its duties in the interests of DTAG in terms of sustainable and macroeconomically, socially acceptable corporate development.

The Supervisory Board did not prevent the Board of Management from acting in its own interests to maximize the personal profit of the human capital the employees and to increase its own personal power but to the macroeconomic detriment. See Items 1, 2, 4. I recommend to the others also to vote against it and I propose that the actions of the Supervisory Board not be approved. I refuse to approve the new remuneration system and call for a differently worded resolution on the level of remuneration.

The Board of Management has not fulfilled its management duties in the interests of DTAG in terms of sustainable and macroeconomically, socially acceptable corporate development. Remuneration is therefore to be cut by 50 percent.

Counter-motions and nominations for election

Additionally, Board of Management remuneration is to be broken down:. The rest is to be credited to a blocked account and only paid out when the Board of Management. The Supervisory Board has not fulfilled its duties to monitor the Board of Management in the interests of DTAG in terms of sustainable and macroeconomically, socially acceptable corporate development.

The Supervisory Board allowed the Board of Management to act in its own interests to maximize the personal profit of the human capital the employees and to increase its own personal power but to the macroeconomic detriment. Additionally, Supervisory Board remuneration is to be broken down:. The rest is to be credited to a blocked account and only paid out when the Supervisory Board has fulfilled its monitoring duties and the Board of Management. I recommend to the others also to vote against it and I propose that a resolution on the remuneration of the Supervisory Board be worded in line with the modalities set out in my reasoning.

Es werden zur Beschlussfassung gestellt: Gewinne privatisieren, Kosten sozialisieren. Siehe TOP 1, 2, 4. The shareholder Udo Christian Walzel Berlin, submitted the following counter-motions on items 2, 3, 5, 8, 9 and 10 on the agenda: At the same time, the importance of our pink giant diminished, demonstrated increasingly by customers and revenue. The company is therefore facing considerable challenges if it does not only want to maintain its position, but also count among the major global players again in the future. Both the some EUR 3.

Furthermore, the authorization to purchase treasury shares is a curious contradiction to item 13 with which the management is seeking authorization to re-issue almost the same number of shares that it just wanted to buy back by creating corresponding contingent capital. Obermann, who, after 12 years in managerial positions at the Deutsche Telekom Group, has now come to the glorious conclusion that the future of our company lies in new growth areas such as mobile Internet, broadband, entertainment and IT services.

Even my grandfather, who died aged 92, could have predicted that. The fact is that Deutsche Telekom AG in Germany is neither the cheapest telecommunications operator nor the one offering the best customer service. Its prices are poor, it service, if you can call it that, modest. How can it be that , employees offer the same modest service as , employees at Vodafone-Arcor?!

If there are other successful alternative providers, let them waste their money on new adventures.

German to English translator specialising in engineering and certificates

When they have done so, Deutsche Telekom will still be there, ready and waiting with the financial strength demonstrated by free cash flow to offer the exhausted adventurers a haven. In summary, I consider the best dividend and share price protection policy for Deutsche Telekom AG to be to return to a course of organic growth in its original business areas.

It will then also be possible to pay a dividend from real profit again and not just liquid assets. I therefore propose and ask that the proposal of the management on item 2 and item 8 be rejected as harmful to the company. Obermann, after his 12 years in a management position, the past 4 of which as CEO, have any recipe for further development other than limiting losses and declines.

A Board of Management cannot seriously expect its clients, the shareholders, to approve its actions. Instead, resignation of the entire Board of Management could be expected after such a disastrous performance. I therefore propose refusing approval of the actions of the members of the Board of Management for the financial year. I propose, contrary to the proposal of the management, to refuse approval of the actions of the members of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board is the body directly accountable to and elected by the shareholders that decides on the appointment and removal of members of the Board of Management.

The Supervisory Board did not fulfill its duties in as it neither adequately controlled nor replaced an incapable management team, which, given its performance, should have been the case. Contrary to the proposal of the Supervisory Board, I reject the appointment of Dr. Ulrich Middelmann to the Supervisory Board of our company.

Both of these people are without doubt accomplished experts in recent German economic and industrial history. This does not, however, hide the fact that Dr. Middelmann, born in , as deputy Chairman of the Board of Management of Thyssen-Krupp undoubtedly knows a great deal about steel, but very little about telecommunications. In addition, especially considering the resolution on item 14, intense monitoring work is required by members of the Supervisory Board of a company as large as ours, which - pardon my saying so - can in no way be expected from a year old pensioner, who is also a member of 12 other supervisory boards and advisory bodies, including important ones like the supervisory board of the partially state-owned Commerzbank AG.

Big names alone, however, are of little use to our company, which, after all, is not a non-profit organization for taking care of old ex-managers. Bernotat is indeed three years younger than Dr. Middelmann, but he chairs four other supervisory boards that suit his profession to date better und is also a member of the supervisory boards of Allianz and Bertelsmann, the mega-companies of the insurance and entertainment sectors.

Bernotat should be avoided on the grounds that conflicts of interest could arise, which, where possible, should not be avoided by not participating in control activities like some members of the current Supervisory Board, but by appointing other members. Instead, I propose that I, Mr. I am not a member of any other supervisory boards. With regard to the second vacant post, I call upon the shareholders present to stand for election to the Supervisory Board themselves.

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Hocker DSW and Mr. Guffey Blackstone , the shareholder representatives on the Supervisory Board are an old gentlemen's club that has or had little or nothing to do with telecommunications, or, in Mr. Ultimately, only small and medium shareholders like myself, who consider the investment of their money over the long term, possibly until their own retirement, will be able to guarantee that a sensible business policy aimed at growth and profit is operated.

A significantly greater number of these shareholders on the Supervisory Board can therefore, in my opinion, be the only right solution for our company. Die Preise sind schlecht, der Service, wenn man ihn denn so nennen kann, bescheiden. Euro Umsatz beisteuern, den sie sogleich wieder auffressen, erkennt man auch, dass die Telekom kleiner und immer ineffektiver geworden ist.

Vollends geschockt ist man, wenn man die Telekom-Zahlen mit denen von Vodafone vergleicht: Dort generieren nur 43 Mrd. Pfund einen Gewinn von 11,8 Mrd. Pfund, beides wird von weniger als Es kann doch nicht sein, dass Ich beantrage, im Gegensatz zum Vorschlag der Verwaltung, dem Aufsichtsrat die Entlastung zu verweigern.

Entgegen dem Vorschlag des Aufsichtsrats lehne ich die Wahl von Dr. Bernotat und Herrn Prof. Ulrich Middelmann zu Mitgliedern des Aufsichtsrates unserer Gesellschaft ab. Mioddelmann, Jahrgang , als stellvertretender Vorsitzender des Vorstands von Thyssen-Krupp sicher sehr viel von Stahl, aber wohl kaum etwas von Telekommunikation versteht. Bernotat schon deswegen zu vermeiden, weil hier sonst ggf. Ich bin nicht Mitglied irgendwelcher anderer Aufsichtsgremien. The shareholder Joerg Beringer, London, proposed the following counter-motions on items 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 and 15, and the following nomination on item 9: Motion E - Counter-motion on item 8 on the agenda I propose that approval of the Board of Management's actions in the financial year be withheld.

Furthermore, the Board of Management is responsible for strategic mistakes and operational oversights which contributed further to these reductions:. Two major network failures that were extremely damaging to the company's image: T- Mobile USA still has no fixed-network partner — something that is urgently needed to be able to provide increasingly important bundling products.

T-Mobile USA has no marketing partner for its expressive primary target group of Hispanics and therefore not affinity marketing strategy for them. These rates would have been able to — and should have — generated growth, potential market leadership and, in particular, differentiation of the product range and a boost to the company's image relative to its competitors. The same applies to the non-existence of the above-mentioned so-called affinity marketing, e. Combined with the lower level of growth and profitability rates abroad than on the domestic market, now in contradiction to the original reason for the investment, the continued absence of such marketing casts doubt on DTAG's entire foreign mobile communications commitment.

I believe therefore it is a matter of urgency that this commitment be reviewed with a view to withdrawal and profitable monetization. Too passive dealings with the regulatory authorities and ignorance of the consequences for which those authorities are responsible, such as a necessary restriction to pure maintenance investments and realization of unrealistic provisions with the establishment of own resale capacities in third-party networks and on other platforms, instead of making new investments without the chance of earning the net costs of capital.

Ignorance of the decline in the overall economic climate in and as a result of concentrating solely on the cost reduction program initiated in the overall economic boom period of , leading to. Profit warning on April 20, shortly after confirming guidance; and this despite a very late reporting date compared with other large companies. In my opinion the entire Supervisory Board has failed in its supervisory duties regarding the strategic mistakes and operational oversights of the Board of Management as mentioned under Item 3.

Members of the Supervisory Board who press charges against the company rather than against "parties unknown" are acting in a prejudgmental and purely selfish manner and, in doing so, are hurting both the company's image and its business activities and acting in a disloyal manner that is ultimately detrimental to the employees — approval of the actions of these members in particular is to be withheld. Those members of the Supervisory Board who voted in favor of the new remuneration system for the Board of Management have acted against the interests of the shareholders, as will be discussed under Item 6.

Generally speaking, former board of management members of other stock corporations in particular appear to me rather biased in their judgment on this point as a result of their own excessive demands and expectations. If any of the employees' representatives voted in favor of Item 6, which would be totally incomprehensible to me, I expect from them at least the aforementioned clarification.

Furthermore, in their other functions Prof. Asmussen Ministry of Finance in particular have played a central role in the inadequate supervision and lack of prevention of financial speculation on an enormous scale and with disastrous consequences and are therefore not sufficiently competent to recognize or prevent the same where necessary on the Supervisory Board of DTAG.

If my counter-motions to change the individual points in item 6 are not approved, I propose rejecting item 6 in its entirety. It is based on incorrectly selected parameters, which give the Board of Management wrong and excessive incentives as a result and do not involve Board members in the failures caused by their actions. As under item 6, point 5 aa: This paragraph should be deleted in order to prevent this authorization under 8 k being approved. The text referred to above under Item 6, point 5 aa , which also represents the reasoning for a counter-motion that is not to be published, is as follows:.

Since it is the Board of Management's intention — which I shall address later — that the components of the additional variable remuneration are not based on objective, i. But the "share matching" they seek to introduce is a totally unnecessary and excessive gift to the members of the Board of Management who are already very well paid and it immediately lowers the so-called breakeven point of the shares they buy - in contrast to other shareholders - by a totally unrealistic 50 percent, taking it down to half their own purchase price! As a former board member of a German stock corporation with similar remuneration and excessively high pension entitlements to the DTAG Board members, Dr.

Bernotat is not the right person to restore the desperately needed congruence of interests between the Board of Management and shareholders of DTAG. This is demonstrated by his clear approval of item 6, the new compensation system for the Board of Management. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is that, for the same reasons, neither other former Board members of stock corporations, as in the case of Prof.

Bury, nor the Supervisory Board representatives of institutional investors primarily acting with borrowed money, as in the case of Mr. Guffey, of the government, as in the case of Mr. Schroeder, or of shareholder protection associations, as in the case of Mr. Hocker, are willing or able to do so either on account of different primary interests, e. Such a reconciliation of interests can therefore only be guaranteed by an independent member of the Supervisory Board operating primarily in their function as a shareholder with their own money invested, like myself.

I am not a member of any other supervisory bodies. He therefore does not seem to me to be the right person to provide the Supervisory Board of DTAG with the competence and discipline it desperately needs in terms of sustainable, profitable capital allocation by the Board of Management and thus to represent shareholder interests. The general reservations I have against former members of the Board of Management in terms of their willingness to restore the congruence of interests between the Board of Management and shareholders, in particular by defining objective parameters for the measurement of variable remuneration and generally appropriate instead of excessive compensation, especially with regard to similar demands themselves, apply as in the reasoning for rejecting Dr.

Bernotat, and in particular with regard to his clear approval of item 6. This amendment to the Articles of Incorporation represents a blank check for the management to make more investments outside the core business of telecommunications in future. It is obviously based on the so-called "Strategy 2. I do not feel this earns the name "strategy": It is not based on facts; rather it primarily represents a pile of declarations of intent and wishful thinking based on highly uncertain forecasts — something that is very common in the industry.

The management's failed investments to date, both in the original competence area of telecommunications and in those existing affiliates assigned to the new business areas, such as web sites Scouts and hosting Strato , and the untapped operational and strategic opportunities in the original core business of telecommunications which I feel are in urgent need of the management's full attention, make it impossible from a shareholder's point of view to approve such an expansion of the business purpose.

It would primarily provide for and lead to an increase in the operational "adjusted" earnings, which benefits the Board of Management alone in the form of higher bonuses, rather than the long-term net result, the carrying amount, which benefits us, the shareholders. Additional valuation adjustments and the continued lack of a so urgently needed return OF capital in the case of investments would be the consequence. It is also totally incomprehensible and, in view of the disastrous timing of practically all of DTAG's investments to date, highly questionable as to why the company also wants to invest in the systems industry now, a decade after its competitors.

This applies all the more when it is considered that the international systems business was correctly considered unattractive when it was carved out before. Ich beantrage, dass dem Vorstand die Entlastung fuer das Geschaeftsjahr verweigert wird. Der gesamte Vorstand, speziell jedoch der Vorstandsvorsitzende, Herr Rene Obermann, ist im Verlaufe des Jahres , sowie insbesondere im Falle der Herren Obermann und Hoettges, auch im Verlaufe der letzten 5 oder 10 Jahre, massgeblich an allen signifikanten Fehlentscheidungen bezueglich der Allokation von Kapital und den daraus resultierenden Impairments und Wertbericht-igungen beteiligt gewesen und somit auch endlich, fuer die sich daraus ergebende enorme und nachhaltige Minderung des Eigenkapitals und Buchwertes der Gesellschaft, der damit einher-gehenden enttaeuschenden Entwicklung ihres Boersenwertes, sowie der Beschaedigung ihres Ansehens, verantwortlich zu machen-genaue Zahlen hierzu an dieser Stelle in meinem Redebeitrag.

Desweiteren hat der Vorstand strategische Fehler und operative Versaeumnisse zu verantworten, welche diese Minderungen noch zusaetzlich verstaerkt haben:. T- Mobile USA hat nachwievor vor keinen Festnetzpartner, welcher fuer das Angebot der immer wichtiger werdenden Bundling Produkte dringend benoetigt wuerde.

Voice- oder Datenkommunikation zwischen den Netzen der Landesgesellschaften. Seit einem Jahrzehnt schon unterlaesst man es deshalb innovative Tarife zwischen, z. Diese Tarife haetten zu Wachstum, potentieller Marktfuehrerschaft sowie insbesondere zur Differenzierung des Produktangebotes und Anhebung des Images der Gesellschaft gegenueber den Mitbewerbern beitragen koennen und muessen. Gleiches gilt fuer die Nichtexistenz des o.

Das weitere Ausbleiben solchen Marketings stellt zusammen mit der mittlerweile im Widerspruch zum urspruenglichen Investitionsgrund stehenden Tatsache geringerer Wachstums- und Profitabilitaetsraten im Ausland als im Inland, das gesamte Auslandsmobilfunkengagement der DTAG in Frage. Es ist deshalb m. Zu passiver Umgang mit den Regulierungsbehoerden sowie Ignoranz der, sich aus der von jenen Behoerden zu verantwortenden, Konsequenzen, wie etwa eine notwendige Beschraenkung auf reine Erhaltungsinvestitionen und die Nutzung der realitaetsfernen Vorgaben durch eigenen Aufbau von Resale-Kapazitaeten in fremden Netzen und auf anderen Plattformen, statt Taetigung neuer Investitionen ohne Chance auf Verdienst der Netto-Kapitalkosten.

Ignoranz des verschlechterten gesamtwirtschaftlichen Umfeldes in und durch Beschraenkung auf Umsetzung eines Kostensenkungsprogrammes welches im gesamt-wirtschaftlichen Boom von beschlossen wurde und daraufhin. Der gesamte Aufsichtsrat hat es m. The following pure gases must be available for calibration and operation: Calibration and span gases must contain mixtures of hydrogen H2 and purified synthetic air.

The concentrations specified in Appendix 1 may also be obtained by a gas divider using synthetic air as the dilution gas. If the vehicle has to be moved between two steps, it shall be pushed to the following test area. Vehicle preparation The ageing of traction battery must be checked, proving that the vehicle has performed at least km during seven days before the test. During this period, the vehicle must be equipped with the traction battery submitted to the hydrogen emission test. If this cannot be demonstrated then the following procedure will be applied.

Initial charge of the battery The charge is carried out: The procedure excludes all types of external chargers. The end of traction battery charge criteria corresponds to an automatic stop given by the on-board charger. This procedure includes all types of special charges that could be automatically or manually initiated like, for instance, the equalisation charges or the servicing charges.

Procedure from paragraphs 5. Stopping the discharge occurs: Soak Within fifteen minutes of completing the battery discharge operation specified in paragraph 5. The vehicle is parked for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 36 hours, between the end of the traction battery discharge and the start of the hydrogen emission test during a normal charge. Hydrogen emission test during a normal charge 5.

Before the completion of the soak period, the measuring chamber must be purged for several minutes until a stable hydrogen background is obtained. The enclosure mixing fan s must also be turned on at this time. The hydrogen analyser must be zeroed and spanned immediately prior to the test. At the end of the soak, the test vehicle, with the engine shut off and the test vehicle windows and luggage compartment opened must be moved into the measuring chamber.

The vehicle shall be connected to the mains.

The battery is charged according to normal charge procedure as specified in paragraph 5. The enclosure doors are closed and sealed gas-tight within two minutes from electrical interlock of the normal charge step. The start of a normal charge for hydrogen emission test period begins when the chamber is sealed. The hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured to give the initial readings CH2i, Ti and Pi for the normal charge test.

These figures are used in the hydrogen emission calculation paragraph 6. The ambient enclosure temperature T must not be less than K and no more than K during the normal charge period. Procedure of normal charge The normal charge is carried out with the on-board charger and consists of the following steps: Over-charging intensity is specified by manufacturer and corresponds to the one used during equalisation charging.

The end of traction battery charge criteria corresponds to an automatic stop given by the on-board charger to a charging time of t1 t2. This charging time will be limited to t1 5 h, even if a clear indication is given to the driver by the standard instrumentation that the battery is not yet fully charged. The hydrogen analyser must be zeroed and spanned immediately before the end of the test. The end of the emission sampling period occurs t1 t2 or t1 5 h after the beginning of the initial sampling, as specified in paragraph 5.

The different times elapsed are recorded. The hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured to give the final readings CH2f, Tf and Pf for the normal charge test, used for the calculation in paragraph 6. Hydrogen emission test with the on-board charger failure 5. Within seven days maximum after having completed the prior test, the procedure starts with the discharge of the traction battery of the vehicle according to paragraph 5. The steps of the procedure in paragraph 5.

The battery is charged according to failure charge procedure as specified in paragraph 5. The enclosure doors are closed and sealed gas-tight within two minutes from electrical interlock of the failure charge step. The start of a failure charge for hydrogen emission test period begins when the chamber is sealed. The hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured to give the initial readings CH2i, Ti and Pi for the failure charge test. The ambient enclosure temperature T must not be less than K and no more than K during the charging failure period.

Procedure of charging failure The charging failure is carried out with the on-board charger and consists of the following steps: During this phase, the on-board charger is blocked at maximum current. The times elapsed are recorded. The hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured to give the final readings CH2f, Tf and Pf for the charging failure test, used for the calculation in paragraph 6.

Hydrogen emissions from each of these phases are calculated using the initial and final hydrogen concentrations, temperatures and pressures in the enclosure, together with the net enclosure volume. The formula below is used: Results of test The hydrogen mass emissions for the vehicle are: The calibration methods to be used are described in this appendix. Initial determination of enclosure internal volume 2. Before its initial use, the internal volume of the chamber must be determined as follows.

The internal dimensions of the chamber are carefully measured, taking into account any irregularities such as bracing struts. The internal volume of the chamber is determined from these measurements. The enclosure must be latched to a fixed volume when the enclosure is held at an ambient temperature of K. The net internal volume is determined by subtracting 1,42 m3 from the internal volume of the chamber. Alternatively the volume of the test vehicle with the luggage compartment and windows open may be used instead of the 1,42 m3. The chamber must be checked as in paragraph 2.

Determination of chamber background emissions This operation determines that the chamber does not contain any materials that emit significant amounts of hydrogen. The check must be carried out at the enclosure's introduction to service, after any operations in the enclosure which may affect background emissions and at a frequency of at least once per year. Variable-volume enclosure may be operated in either latched or unlatched volume configuration, as described in paragraph 2. The enclosure may be sealed and the mixing fan operated for a period of up to 12 hours before the four-hour background-sampling period begins.

The analyser if required must be calibrated, then zeroed and spanned. The enclosure must be purged until a stable hydrogen reading is obtained, and the mixing fan turned on if not already on. The chamber is then sealed and the background hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured. These are the initial readings CH2i, Ti and Pi used in the enclosure background calculation. The enclosure is allowed to stand undisturbed with the mixing fan on for a period of four hours. At the end of this time the same analyser is used to measure the hydrogen concentration in the chamber.

The temperature and the barometric pressure are also measured. These are the final readings CH2f, Tf and Pf. The change in mass of hydrogen in the enclosure must be calculated over the time of the test in accordance with paragraph 2. Calibration and hydrogen retention test of the chamber The calibration and hydrogen retention test in the chamber provides a check on the calculated volume paragraph 2. The enclosure leak rate must be determined at the enclosure's introduction to service, after any operations in the enclosure which may affect the integrity of the enclosure, and at least monthly thereafter.

If six consecutive monthly retention checks are successfully completed without corrective action, the enclosure leak rate may be determined quarterly thereafter as long as no corrective action is required.

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The enclosure must be purged until a stable hydrogen concentration is reached. The mixing fan is turned on, if not already switched on. The hydrogen analyser is zeroed, calibrated if required, and spanned.

The enclosure must be latched to the nominal volume position. The ambient temperature control system is then turned on if not already on and adjusted for an initial temperature of K. These are the initial readings CH2i, Ti and Pi used in the enclosure calibration. The enclosure must be unlatched from the nominal volume. A quantity of approximately g of hydrogen is injected into the enclosure.

The contents of the chamber must be allowed to mix for five minutes and then the hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured. These are the final readings CH2f, Tf and Pf for the calibration of the enclosure as well as the initial readings CH2i, Ti and Pi for the retention check. On the basis of the readings taken in paragraphs 2. The contents of the chamber must be allowed to mix for a minimum of 10 hours.

At the completion of the period, the final hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are measured and recorded. These are the final readings CH2f, Tf and Pf for the hydrogen retention check. Using the formula in paragraph 2. This mass may not differ by more than 5 per cent from the hydrogen mass given by paragraph 2. Calculation The calculation of net hydrogen mass change within the enclosure is used to determine the chamber's hydrocarbon background and leak rate.

Initial and final readings of hydrogen concentration, temperature and barometric pressure are used in the following formula to calculate the mass change. Each of the normally used operating ranges is calibrated by the following procedure. Establish the calibration curve by at least five calibration points spaced as evenly as possible over the operating range. The nominal concentration of the calibration gas with the highest concentrations to be at least 80 per cent of the full scale.

Calculate the calibration curve by the method of least squares. If the resulting polynomial degree is greater than 3, then the number of calibration points must be at least the number of the polynomial degree plus 2. The calibration curve must not differ by more than 2 per cent from the nominal value of each calibration gas. Using the coefficients of the polynomial derived from paragraph 3. This is to be carried out for each analyser range calibrated.

This table shall also contain other relevant data such as: Date of calibration Span and zero potentiometer readings where applicable Nominal scale Reference data of each calibration gas used The real and indicated value of each calibration gas used together with the percentage differences Calibration pressure of analyser 3. In some cases there may be interaction of parameters. These effects must also be taken into consideration to ensure that only vehicles with similar hydrogen emission characteristics are included within the family.

To this end, those vehicle types whose parameters described below are identical are considered to belong to the same hydrogen emissions. Crisis in the European automotive industry EU. Infolge der Wirtschaftskrise ist die Branche jetzt aber unter besonders starken Druck geraten. Ihre Exportleistung zeigt, dass sie die Produkte anbietet, die der kontinuierlich wachsende Weltmarkt verlangt. Die besondere Situation der Automobilbranche Europa verdankt einen erheblichen Teil seines Wohlstands der Automobilindustrie.

Nahezu jeder dritte auf der Welt hergestellte Pkw stammt aus Europa. Der Automobilbau ist mit vielen anderen Branchen eng verflochten. Die Automobilindustrie ist sehr international orientiert. Der innergemeinschaftliche Handel mit Kfz-Komponenten erreicht deshalb ein erhebliches Volumen. Manche Unternehmen bekommen keine Kredite mehr zu akzeptablen Bedingungen. Die Automobilindustrie stand schon vor der Krise in einem scharfen Wettbewerb. Auch die Zulieferbranche hat sich erkennbar konsolidiert. Auf einem informellen Treffen vom Besonders wichtig ist dies im Automobilsektor, wo die private Nachfrage weitgehend kreditfinanziert wird.

Der im Dezember angenommene und am Euro in Vorbereitung sind. Entsprechend den Vorarbeiten im Rahmen des 7. C 16 vom C 10 vom Translation - English The European automotive industry is one of Europe's flagship industries. It is a key driver of growth, exports, innovation and jobs. Its impact filters down across a wide variety of other sectors.

And it has a particularly important cross border reach, with suppliers, manufacturers and sales and servicing downstream creating a web of mutual interest that touches every one of the EU's Member States. The Commission believes that the EU needs a dynamic and competitive automotive sector.

The economic crisis has put the automotive sector under particular pressure. Properly targeted support is needed to help the industry and its workforce through the downturn and to address structural problems by making the sector more competitive and more in tune with the needs of the future. The European automotive industry has a strong future. Its export performance shows it can make the right products for a global market that will continue to grow. Its workforce has the skills to maintain its technological edge.

And it is already working to produce the new generation of motor vehicles needed for the low carbon age. This communication sets out how the EU can bring policy levers into play to support the automotive industry. It represents a European framework for action: Different Member States will use different mixes of action to address the needs of manufacturers, suppliers, retailers and their workers.

All can be most effective working with the confidence provided by a common EU framework. The internal market has been a major cause of the vitality of the European automotive industry, the competitiveness of its manufacturing and the scale of its sales. It will be critical to the recovery phase. It is therefore essential that state aids and other measures are well directed, working to build the future strength of the industry rather than introducing short-term distortions that will damage long-term competitiveness.

That means cooperation and working upstream of national decisions to ensure they fit in well with the EU's overall ambitions. At the same time, the EU can offer a variety of other steps to build a platform to stabilise the industry and help it to recover. This includes measures to invest in strategic technologies. It includes steps to help workers whose jobs are at risk to retrain and find new work, as well as safeguarding and developing the key skills of some of the most valued technicians in Europe. It includes a determined and concerted effort to combat any move towards protectionism in global markets.

And of course, the industry will benefit directly from the core measures of the European Economic Recovery Plan to get credit moving again, as well as from specific measures like the European green cars initiative. This European framework for the automotive sector shows how the intelligent application of EU and national policies can not only offer a cushion for the automotive industry in a time of intense pressure, but a springboard for the future. The common goal is a dynamic, competitive and sustainable automotive sector in the EU for the coming decades.

The particular situation of the automotive sector The automotive industry is central to Europe's prosperity. The EU is the world's largest producer of motor vehicles, producing over 18 million vehicles a year and almost a third of the world's passenger cars. It is a huge employer of skilled workforce, directly employing over 2 million people but responsible for some 12 million jobs. In addition, the sector plays a central part in tackling many of the key economic, social and environmental challenges faced by Europe today, such as sustainable mobility and safety. Automotive manufacturing is closely linked with many other sectors.

Electronics, mechanical and electrical engineering, information technology, steel, chemicals, plastics, metals and rubber are all key suppliers. It also has a very significant cross-border dimension in Europe and globally. Within the EU, the production lines are split between 16 Member States, and every single Member State is involved in the supply chain for manufacturing and the downstream chain for sales. Any downturn in the automotive sector therefore strongly affects other sectors and all EU Member States. The current economic crisis is being marked by a sudden downturn for manufacturing.

EU industrial production slumped by 8. The difficult situation of the European automotive industry has three major reasons: First, there has been a sharp and uniform drop in demand for passenger and commercial vehicles both in the EU and worldwide. Tight credit conditions, declining share and asset prices, and the uncertainty created by the global economic environment are translating into very low consumer confidence and declining purchasing power.

New passenger car sales fell by 1. The producers of commercial vehicles were even harder hit with orders for heavy duty vehicles falling from The situation varies between individual Member States but the downturn has now reached every market in the EU, and all major producers on the European market are severely affected. Second, parts of the automotive industry are reporting problems with access to credit financing and fears of liquidity shortages.

Some companies are unable to get loans on reasonable terms, with credit ratings downgraded in light of market outlook. In addition, suppliers are expressing an additional concern about money not moving down the supply chain. The situation is particularly difficult for smaller lower-tier suppliers which are less capitalised and diversified than their larger counterparts. Third, the industry suffers from longer-term structural problems pre-dating the crisis. Automotive companies already faced a very competitive business environment.

High fixed costs, structural overcapacity and intensive price competition has meant that many automotive companies were already focusing on reducing costs and improving internal efficiency. There has also been significant consolidation in the supply sector. Globally, vehicle production capacity is currently at ca. The situation is aggravated by the rising risk of protectionism , threatening reduced access to third country markets for European producers who have thrived on the export market.

The first cases have come in the form of new import licensing requirements, e. Current forecasts for are not encouraging. This is likely to put further pressure on the whole automotive value chain particularly in terms of production volumes, capacity utilisation, employment and research investment. Falling production levels and subsequent cost-cutting by automotive firms has already led to reductions in employment.

Up to now it has mainly affected temporary workers. Negative employment effects could be magnified as a result of regional impacts because of the clustered and geographically concentrated nature of the automotive industry. Additional pressure comes from potential spill-over effect from restructuring of GM and Chrysler.

For example GM has announced that out of However, the long term global outlook for the automotive industry is promising: The imperative of a "greener" car fleet will bring new opportunities for innovative technology. And since the current decline in demand in mature markets such as Europe and U. This makes it particularly important for the EU automotive industry to be able to weather the downturn and be ready to take advantage when demand returns. A key priority for the future is to ensure that European industry is able to respond to the current crisis and emerge from it in a stronger position to compete globally once market conditions improve.

This will be notably the case if the automotive industry will master the triple challenge of technological leadership with an environmental and safety performance that is world class. The Recovery Plan emphasises the importance not only of addressing the causes of the current problems of the automotive sector, but doing so in a way which will secure and further reinforce the longer-term competitiveness of the industry.

Such an approach will in turn make a major contribution to make industry fit for the low-carbon economy and thus to achieving Europe's ambitions in reducing CO2 emissions and improving energy security. Primary responsibility for dealing with the crisis lies with industry , individual companies and their managements.

Industry itself is called upon to address the structural problems of production efficiency and capacity utilisation in a way that improves its long-term competitiveness and sustainability. In addition, as part of the overall industrial policy approach, the EU and its Member States can contribute to creating framework conditions in which industry can thrive.

They can also promote fair competition in open global markets. This public support should preferably be covered by horizontal policy instruments applicable to industry as a whole and should be met through a combination of European and Member State level action. At an informal meeting with Ministers on 16 January, Member States shared these views and agreed to a number of key principles to guide their responses to the current situation, such as the need for open global markets, fair competition, respect of better regulation as well as cooperation and transparency.

It will be important to ensure that measures taken at Member State level be coherent, efficient and co-ordinated. As much of the importance of the European automotive industry is derived from its knock-on impact for the broader EU economy, it is particularly important to ensure the proper functioning of the internal market, and retain competitive neutrality and a level playing field, thus also ensuring solidarity between the Member States.

In the European Economic Recovery Plan, the Commission has set out the key elements of the public support relevant for the automotive sector. Some of these measures are general, while others target specifically the automotive industry. The main objectives of the proposed approach are: While some progress has been achieved already, it is important to ensure that the objectives are fully met in an efficient and coherent way. In the current economic climate, a clear orientation towards long-term competitiveness, based on innovation, safety and environmental performance, is even more important.

The Commission therefore reconfirms its commitment to fully take into account the recommendations of the CARS 21 process see Annex 1 , fully respecting the principles of Better Regulation. The Commission will ensure that a coherent and co-ordinated forward-looking approach to future road transport and sustainable mobility requirements is adopted through the follow-up to CARS Given the impact of the current crisis the Commission will weigh up the costs and benefits of any new legislative initiative and seek, as far as possible, to avoid creating new economic burdens.

Ensuring that the financial system starts operating properly remains the first priority in steering the economy towards recovery. This is particularly important in the automotive sector, characterised by capital intensity and credit financed private demand.. The car industry will have to finance research and innovation in particular to design new engines that meet the ambitious European legislation on the reduction of CO2 emissions, starting from The new vehicles will also have to comply with stricter thresholds for pollutant emissions and tougher safety requirements.

It is therefore imperative to assist companies to access finance. The issue of financing is not only relevant to the future of the European automotive industry, but to the economy as a whole. In this respect the Commission has already taken important initiatives, with the adoption of the Communication concerning the application of State aid rules for the banking sector[2] and the Communication on recapitalisation of financial institutions in the current financial crisis[3]. With specific regard to the automotive sector, it should be noted that the financial branches of car makers may also qualify for aid under the schemes adopted by the Commission for the banking sector.

In addition, the Commission is conscious of potentially damaging liquidity problems, in particular in the supply sector and will, together with the European Investment Bank EIB and the Member States, seek ways to improve the flow of credit to SMEs, including automotive suppliers. From the State aid perspective, the new Temporary Framework for State aid measures adopted in December [4] slightly adapted on 25 February was designed to allow Member States to provide aid to companies facing problems of acess to liquidity.

Typical instruments authorized under this framework are subsidised loans, subsidised guarantees and subsidised loans for the production of "green" products including cars. In this context it needs to be stressed that aid granted on the basis of these frameworks fully respect internal market rules in order to avoid distortions and fragmentation.

This framework only applies to companies whose difficulties do not pre-date the crisis. For companies whose difficulties are mainly due to structural problems rather than the current crisis, any State aid must be supported by a restructuring plan that ensures long term viability, in line with the objectives of promoting the competitiveness of this industry.

The wide range of "traditional" State aid instruments see list in Annex 2 available to Member States for supporting their industries can also be an important tool for promoting research and innovation, environmental development and restructuring, where this appears necessary, for the automotive industry, while maintaining a level playing field within the internal market. The Commission, together with the European Investment Bank and the Member States, will support industry in their efforts to maintain investments into future technologies particularly green technologies such as fuel efficiency and alternative propulsion throughout the economic downturn.

This will be done primarily through the European Investment Bank as well as through the 7 th Research Framework Programme. Loans granted to automotive industries can also draw on horizontal programmes, in particular those targeting SME's, convergence or safety. The Commission and the EIB will continue working together closely to ensure that the financing provided is as effective as possible.

The possibility to further front load the lending planned for and is being kept under permanent review. Procedures for granting support have been streamlined allowing the shortest possible processing for decisions following a request for support while maintaining strict appraisal procedures to ensure the viability of investments in the long term. In line with preparatory work done under the 7th Research Framework Programme and the relevant European Technology Platforms, the main focus of this partnership will be on the development of "green" vehicles including passenger cars, buses, urban vehicles and trucks, but also addressing related issues such as infrastructure and logistics.

Finally, the Commsssion is working on establishing the necessary standardisation required to ensure that future technological solutions are provided with legal certainty and can be applied throughout the internal market. As nine Member States have already established vehicle recycling and recovery schemes "scrapping schemes" and more are considering doing so, the Commission invited Member States experts for the first time on 16 February in order to ensure transparency of all initiatives and provide for an exchange of best practices.

The Commission has discussed with the Member States common principles which shall allow smooth adoption of such scrapping schemes see Annex 3. The Commission invites Member States to make full use of public procurement to boost demand for cleaner and more fuel efficient vehicles in the short term, assessing the possibility to advance investment into infrastructure and into the renewal of the public transport fleet including heavy duty vehicles. Member States will have to face substantial challenges and several regions may be hit very hard.

In line with this, the European social partners and industry organisations of the sector have launched in October a " European Partnership for the anticipation of change in the automotive sector". A comprehensive two-year work programme is being carried on to anticipate and mitigate the social impact of restructuring. Various EU funds and policy instruments can be mobilised to support the social cost of adjustment and to ensure that necessary skill levels required for the future competitiveness of industry are retained in the industry.

This should be done in ways which support moves over time to new forms of production and should not preclude necessary restructuring. Such measures apply to all sectors; they are particularly relevant for the automotive sector with its supply chain as it will have to tackle significant overcapacities. The Commission has also proposed an increase of advance payments from the European Social Fund ESF , and simplification of the criteria.

This can be used to support to implementing measures to retain jobs and combat unemployment in the automotive industry, such as: There are already successful examples of how the ESF has supported restructuring in the automotive industry in the past, which can be drawn on for inspiration. The EGF has already intervened in four automotive sector cases with a fifth in the pipeline.

This will allow the Fund to intervene more swiftly and, for a limited period of time, will allow interventions to be justified by the current economic crisis, irrespective of any link to globalisation. Fair competition in open markets can help to fight the current crisis, whereas any protectionist measures threaten to deepen it.

The EU is committed to avoid any new trade restrictions being created towards third countries. It expects the same attitude from its trading partners and will not tolerate a revival of protectionism. The Commission will follow closely international developments and encourage international dialogue , in particular with its main trade partners including the US, Japan, Korea and China. Together with them it will work to keep world markets open and to ensure fair competition.

It will keep progress under constant review. The Commission suggests that the CARS 21 process should be strengthened, with a round table with Member States, automotive industry producers and suppliers and trade unions. Its main aims should be to provide a platform of mutual information, dialogue and best practices. It should support the efforts of the sector to restructure so that it can compete in world markets with a strong focus on retaining skills in the industry, retraining workers for future tasks and for new jobs in this and other sectors.

The round table should also monitor the development in the following areas: Inventory of State aid instruments Annex 3: Glossary - Subject Names. AVT Aufbau- und Verbindungstechn. Bautenschutz Bautenschutztechnik Bekleidungstechnik Berechn. Betriebliche Kostenrechnung Betriebsfestigkeit Betriebskostenr. Betriebsorganisation Betriebsplanung und Org.

Betriebspsychologie Betriebspsychologie 1 Betriebspsychologie 2 Betriebssoziologie Betriebssysteme Betriebssysteme 1 Betriebssysteme 2 Betriebsw. Arbeitsvorb Bilanz und Steuern Bildverarb. Aktoren und Sensoren El. Maschinen und Anlagen Elektr. Elektronik 1 Energiemaschinen Energiesysteme Energietechnik und techn.

Englisch English for Mechanical Engin. Bauteile Fertigung und Werkzeugmasch. Fertigung warmfester Bauteile Fertigungs- und Automat. Mechanik 2 Konstruieren mit Kunststoffen Konstrukt. Signalverarbeitung Labor Digitale Signalverarb. Aktoren und Sensoren Labor Elektr. Elektrotechnik 1 Labor Grundl.

Elektrotechnik 2 Labor Grundl. Realit Labor Nachrichtentechnik Labor Objektorient. Optoelektronik Optoelektronik 1 Optoelektronik 2 Organ. Physik Physik 1 Physik 1,2 Physik 2 Physik der elektr. Sensoren Physik der elektr. Operations Research Planung u. Rechnertechnik Rechnertechnik 1 Rechnertechnik 2 Recht Recht in d. Seminar Business and Engineer. Thermische Energietechnik Thermische Masch. Stg WPF Anwendungsfach and. St WPF Fremdsprache and. WPF Gruppe A aus and. WPF Gruppe B aus and. Hydraulics and Pneumatics Lab: Strength of Materials Lab: Actuators and Sensors Lab: CAD of Microelectronics Lab: Digital Measuring and Testing Lab: Digital Control Systems Lab: Digital Signal Processing Lab: Digital Circuits 1 Lab: Digital Circuits 2 Lab: Electrical Actuators and Sensors Lab: Electric Control Systems Lab: Electrical Measurement of Mechanical Values Lab: Electrical Measurement Techniques Lab: Electrical Measurement Techniques 1 Lab: Electrical Measurement Techniques 2 Lab: Electrical Measurement Techniques 3 Lab: Electronic Construction Elements Lab: Electronics and Digital Circuits Lab: Electrical Engineering 1 Lab: Electrical Engineering 2 Lab: Dynamics of Moving Vehicles Lab: Production Measurement Techniques Lab: Manufacturing Technology 1 Lab: Manufacturing Technology 2 Lab: Joining and Welding Technology Lab: Gas and Water Technology Lab: Graphical User Interfaces Lab: Introduction to Electrical Engineering Lab: Introduction to Electrical Engineering 1 Lab: Introduction to Electrical Engineering 2 Lab: Introduction to Communications Engineering Lab: Fundamentals of Packaging Lab: Semiconductor Circuits 1 Lab: Semiconductor Circuits 2 Lab: High Frequency Technology Lab: Data Compression and Cryptology Lab: Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Analysis Lab: Car Body Measurement and Testing Lab: Data Communications Systems 1 Lab: Communications Technology 2 Lab: Power and Work Machines Lab: Motor Vehicles 2 Lab: Ventilation and Air Conditioning Lab: Machine Measurement Techniques Lab: Measuring and Testing Lab: Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques Lab: Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques 1 Lab: Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques 2 Lab: Measurement Techniques in Manufacturing Lab: Methods of Artificial Intelligence Lab: Methods of Signal Processing Lab: Fundamentals of Microprocessors Lab: Multimedia and Virtual Reality Lab: Object Oriented Modelling Lab: Applications Technology Coatings Lab: Building and Corrosion Protection Lab: Materials Testing Plastics Lab: Problems in Packaging Lab: Product Design Colors Lab: Production and Operations Management Lab: Programming Languages 3 Lab: Realtime Data Processing 1 Lab: Realtime Data Processing 2 Lab: Realtime Data Processing Lab: Processes in Packaging Lab: Quality and Costing Lab: Quality and Cost Management Lab: Computer-Aided Measurement Techniques Lab: Computer Architecture 1 Lab: Computer Architecture 2 Lab: Law for Chemists Lab: Control Systems Closed Loop Lab: Control Systems Closed Loop 1 "Lab: Control Systems Closed Loop 1,2" Lab: Control Systems Closed Loop 2 Lab: Signals and Systems Lab: Signals and Systems 1 Lab: Signals and Systems 2 Lab: Languages and Automata Lab: Control Systems 1 Lab: System Dynamics 1 Lab: System Dynamics 2 Lab: Systems Programming and Operating Systems 2 Lab: Systems Programming and Operating Systems 1 Lab: Applied Optics 2 Lab: Technology of Microelectronics Lab: Telecommunication Systems and Computer Networks Lab: Pressing and Forming 1 Lab: Pressing and Forming Technology Lab: Combustion Engines 1,2" Lab: Thermodynamics and Heating Systems Lab: Water and Gas Chemistry Lab: Water and Gas Technology Lab: Materials Science and Materials Chemistry 1 Lab: Materials Science and Chemistry of Materials 1 Lab: Materials Science and Materials Chemistry 2 Lab: Materials Science and Chemistry of Materials 2 Lab: Materials Testing 1 Lab: Materials Testing 2 Lab: Materials Testing 3 Lab: Materials Science 1 Lab: Materials Science 2 Lab: Machine Tools and Control Systems Lab: Coatings Application Technology Lab: Buildings and Corrosion Lab: Process Technology Coatings Lab: Control Systems Closed Loop with Lab: Materials Science Metals Lab: Translation - English not mandatory waste settlement fiscal charge, tax, levy, duty tax code delegate redress descendant, scion redemption delegation selling co-operative-society brit.

Glossary - Project Management. Translation in criminal proceedings General field: Source text - German 1. Eine Einigung auf gemeinsame Mindestnormen bei diesen Verfahrensrechten erleichtert die Anwendung des Grundsatzes der gegenseitigen Anerkennung. Mai gebilligt wurde. Folgende Optionen standen zur Debatte: Jede Person hat das Recht auf Freiheit und Sicherheit. Jede angeklagte Person hat mindestens folgende Rechte: Artikel 1 - Geltungsbereich Artikel 2 — Recht auf Verdolmetschung Artikel 6 - Regressionsverbot Durch diesen Artikel soll sichergestellt werden, dass durch die Festlegung gemeinsamer Mindestanforderungen im Einklang mit diesem Rahmenbeschluss bestimmte Mitgliedstaaten nicht zur Absenkung ihrer Standards gezwungen werden und dass die Standards der EMRK beibehalten werden.

Artikel 7 — Umsetzung Dieser Artikel verpflichtet die Mitgliedstaaten, den Rahmenbeschluss bis zum xx. Artikel 8 - Berichterstattung Artikel 9 - Inkrafttreten Oktober den Grundsatz der gegenseitigen Anerkennung zum Eckstein der justiziellen Zusammenarbeit innerhalb der Union sowohl in Zivil- als auch in Strafsachen. Die Bestimmungen dieses Rahmenbeschluss erleichtern die praktische Anwendung dieses Rechts.

Sie sollten eine etwaige Benachteiligung erkennen und entsprechende Schritte einleiten, um die Rechte der betreffenden Person zu wahren. Artikel 1 Geltungsbereich 1. Artikel 2 Recht auf Verdolmetschung 1. C 12 vom November , Serie A Nr.. Er kommt zum Ergebnis, dass das in Art. Dezember , Serie A Nr. No such evidence appears from the documents in the file or the statements of the witnesses heard on 23 April Die Aktenlage und die am September — Nr. The right […]to the free assistance of an interpreter applies not only to oral statements made at the trial hearing but also to documentary material and the pre-trial proceedings.

Paragraph 3 e art. The interpretation assistance provided should be such as to enable the defendant to have knowledge of the case against him and to defend himself, notably by being able to put before the court his version of the events. In view of the need for the right guaranteed by paragraph 3 e art. Artikel 6 Absatz 3 lit. Damit das in Artikel 6 Absatz 3 lit. Translation - English 1. This proposal for a Council Framework Decision aims to set common minimum standards as regards the right to interpretation and translation in criminal proceedings throughout the European Union.

The proposal is envisaged as a first step in a series of measures designed to replace the Commission's proposal for a Council Framework Decision on certain procedural rights in criminal proceedings throughout the European Union - COM , Agreement could not be reached on that proposal, despite 3 years' discussions in the Council Working Group, and it was effectively abandoned in June , after a fruitless discussion in the Justice Council.

Adopting a step-by-step approach is now seen as a generally acceptable way to proceed; it will also gradually help build confidence and contribute to enhancing mutual trust. This proposal should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive package of legislation which will seek to provide a minimum set of procedural rights in criminal proceedings in the European Union. Rights covered in the proposal were, besides the right to free interpretation and translation, the right to legal advice, the right to information about rights Letter of Rights , the right to specific attention for vulnerable defendants, the right to communicate with consular authorities and the right to communicate with the family.

For this proposal, the Commission has decided to concentrate on the right to interpretation and translation as it was the least controversial right in the discussions of the proposal and there was information and research available on this right. This proposal seeks to improve the rights of suspects who do not understand and speak the language of the proceedings. Having common minimum standards in relation to these rights should facilitate the application of the principle of mutual recognition. As regards the legal basis, the proposal is based on Article 31 1 of the Treaty on European Union.

Article 31 1 c envisages that the EU may develop "common action" so as to ensure compatibility in rules where necessary to improve cooperation. For judicial cooperation, in particular mutual recognition, it is necessary to have mutual trust. A certain degree of compatibility is necessary to improve mutual trust and hence, co-operation. The right to interpretation and translation, which stems from the European Convention on Human Rights ECHR , is fundamental for a person facing a criminal charge who does not understand the language of the proceedings so that the suspect knows the charges against him and understands the procedure.

The suspect must be in a position to understand of what he is accused. Translations should be provided of essential procedural documents. In accordance with the ECHR, interpretation and translation must be provided free of charge. The Board's recommendations and how these were accommodated can be found at paragraph 25 of the Impact Assessment http: The options set out were as follows: The current situation whereby Member States are expected to comply with their ECHR obligations could be expected to continue as now with the perceived imbalance between prosecution and the accused which has hitherto hampered mutual recognition.

This would have negligible economic consequences. This option would lead to better awareness of ECHR standards by disseminating and recommending practices which help compliance. It would not achieve further approximation of legal standards. The economic impact would be twofold, first the cost of putting services in place to ensure rights are respected, and second, the gain in reduced costs of appeals. It would need careful consideration so that any potential issue of discrimination between categories of suspects involved in cross-border versus domestic proceedings is addressed appropriately.

As with the previous option, the economic impact would be twofold, first the cost of putting services in place to ensure rights are respected, and second, the gain in reduced costs of appeals, but to a lesser extent than above since it is less ambitious in scope. The Impact Assessment identified the combination of options b and e as the preferred approach maximising synergies between legislative and non-legislative action. Therefore this Framework Decision should be followed up by a document on best practice.

The Presidency Conclusions of the Tampere European Council[1] stated that mutual recognition should become the cornerstone of judicial cooperation, but makes the point that mutual recognition " These parameters include mechanisms for safeguarding the rights of suspects parameter 3 and the definition of common minimum standards necessary to facilitate application of the principle of mutual recognition parameter 4.

This proposal for a Framework Decision represents an embodiment of the stated aim of enhancing the protection of individual rights. No one shall be deprived of his liberty save in the following cases and in accordance with a procedure prescribed by law: The European Court of Human Rights ECtHR has held on Article 6 ECHR that the accused has the right to interpretation free of charge, even in the event of his conviction, that he has a right to receive the documents setting out the charge in a language that he understands, that the interpretation must be sufficient to allow the person charged to understand the proceedings and that the interpreter must be competent.

Austria[6] , it was established that the interpretation provided should be of a high enough standard to enable the defendant to have knowledge of the case against him and to defend himself. The right applies to documentary material and the pre-trial proceedings. The ECtHR held that the standard of interpretation must be "adequate" and that details of the charge must be given to the person in a language that he understands Brozicek v. It is for the judicial authorities to prove that the defendant speaks the language of the court adequately and not for the defendant to prove he does not[8].

The interpreter must be competent and the judge must safeguard the fairness of the proceedings Cuscani v. The Reflection Forum on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training[10] produced a report with recommendations on the quality of interpretation and translation. This Report was the fruit of meetings of the Reflection Forum convened by the Commission's Directorate-General for Interpretation during to identify whether there is a need for action and if so, what action could be taken.

The Forum concluded that there was a need and set out Recommendations as to how to improve the provision of competent and qualified interpreters in criminal proceedings. The Recommendations included having a Curriculum in Legal Interpreting and a system of accreditation, certification and registration for legal interpreters. Article 1 - Scope of application The scope covers all persons suspected in respect of a criminal offence until final conviction including any appeal.

Here, the term "suspect" is used to cover such persons. This is intended as an autonomous term, irrespective of the designation of such persons in national proceedings. Since the case-law of the ECtHR has clarified that persons being questioned in relation to offences, whether or not formally charged, should be covered by Article 6 ECHR, persons arrested or detained in connection with a criminal charge also come within the ambit of this provision.

These rights start to apply from the time when the person is informed that he is suspected of having committed an offence e. The Article clarifies that the proposal also applies to European Arrest Warrant cases. It is an important point that European Arrest Warrant cases are covered since the Framework Decision concerning the European Arrest Warrant only addresses these rights in general terms. Article 2 - The right to interpretation This Article lays down the basic principle that interpretation should be provided during the investigative and judicial phases of the proceedings, i.

The right is also extended to legal advice given to the suspect if his lawyer speaks a language that he does not understand. Article 3 - The right to translation of essential documents The suspect has the right to translation of essential documents in order to safeguard the fairness of the proceedings. Austria[11] , the ECtHR stated that the right to interpretation applied to "documentary material" and that the accused should have sufficient knowledge of the case against him to enable him to defend himself[12].

The essential documents for the criminal proceedings should therefore include the charge sheet or indictment and any relevant documentary material such as key witness statements needed in order to understand "in detail, the nature and cause of the accusation against him" in accordance with Article 6 3 a of the ECHR. Translation should also be provided of any detention order or order depriving the person of his liberty and the judgment, which is necessary for the person to exercise his right of appeal ECHR Protocol 7, Article 2.

In respect of proceedings for the execution of a European Arrest Warrant, the European Arrest Warrant should be translated. Article 4 - Member States to meet the costs of interpretation and translation This Article provides that the costs of interpretation and translation are to be met by the Member State. Article 5 - Quality of the interpretation and translation This Article sets out the basic requirement to safeguard the quality of interpretation and translation.

Recommendations in this respect can be found in the Report of the Reflection Forum on Multilingualism and Interpreter Training[14]. Article 6 - Non-regression clause The purpose of this Article is to ensure that setting common minimum standards in accordance with this Framework Decision does not have the effect of lowering standards in certain Member States and that the standards set in the ECHR are maintained. Member States remain entirely at liberty to set standards higher than those agreed in this Framework Decision.

Article 7 — Implementation