Other key areas of continued INOGATE support include the development of the energy statistics system and the establishment of technical committees on gas and electricity for the sustainable and effective harmonisation of specific standards. The INOGATE Technical Secretariat ITS activities are being implemented at national level with ITS expert technical assistance provided in the form of capacity and institutional building, and at regional level where the actions include conferences, study tours, national meetings, as well as networking opportunities.
This country work plan can be found here. Network Milestones Ministerial conferences. Projects overview AHEF overview. Energy policy Energy tariffs Energy markets. Energy standards Energy security Renewable energy.
Energy efficiency Energy investments Energy statistics. News Newsletters Publications Press releases. Contact us Meet the team. INOGATE continues to support Azerbaijan in various areas of the energy sector Energy Markets INOGATE supported the development of third party access rules for the electricity sector of Azerbaijan by analysing current legislation and developing recommendations, and in this way, helping to independent producers to gain access to the grid.
INOGATE facilitated the development of a tailor-made methodology and user-friendly tool for energy data collection and energy balance compilation. Renewable Energy INOGATE is working with Azeristiliktechizat, the national operator of heat supply systems, to outline a path for the development of the district heating system with a dedicated road map up to Such a body will enhance the institutional framework and advance the topic of energy efficiency in Azerbaijan. Benchmarking progress INOGATE, in cooperation with the International Energy Agency, is benchmarking the progress of Partner Countries toward the four objectives areas of the Baku Initiative, and providing strategic recommendations for improving their energy sectors.
It was his classification that related the four large groups of carpets with the four geographical zones of Azerbaijan, Guba-Shirvan, Ganja-Kazakh, Karabakh and Tabriz. The traditional cuisine is famous for an abundance of vegetables and greens used seasonally in the dishes. Fresh herbs, including mint, cilantro coriander , dill, basil, parsley, tarragon, leeks, chives, thyme, marjoram, green onion, and watercress, are very popular and often accompany main dishes on the table. Climatic diversity and fertility of the land are reflected in the national dishes, which are based on fish from the Caspian Sea , local meat mainly mutton and beef , and an abundance of seasonal vegetables and greens.
Saffron-rice plov is the flagship food in Azerbaijan and black tea is the national beverage. Azerbaijani architecture typically combines elements of East and West. Among other architectural treasures are Quadrangular Castle in Mardakan , Parigala in Yukhary Chardaglar , a number of bridges spanning the Aras River, and several mausoleums. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, little monumental architecture was created, but distinctive residences were built in Baku and elsewhere.
Among the most recent architectural monuments, the Baku subways are noted for their lavish decor. The task for modern Azerbaijani architecture is diverse application of modern aesthetics, the search for an architect's own artistic style and inclusion of the existing historico-cultural environment. Azerbaijani art includes one of the oldest art objects in the world, which were discovered as Gamigaya Petroglyphs in the territory of Ordubad Rayon are dated back to the 1st to 4th centuries BC.
About dislodged and carved rock paintings with images of deer, goats, bulls, dogs, snakes, birds, fantastic beings and also people, carriages and various symbols had been found out on basalt rocks. Over the centuries, Azerbaijani art has gone through many stylistic changes. Azerbaijani painting is traditionally characterized by a warmth of colour and light, as exemplified in the works of Azim Azimzade and Bahruz Kangarli , and a preoccupation with religious figures and cultural motifs.
The film industry in Azerbaijan dates back to In fact, Azerbaijan was among the first countries involved in cinematography. Just like today, the oil industry attracted foreigners eager to invest and to work. This also influenced the creation of Azerbaijani animation. In December , the former President of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, signed a decree proclaiming 2 August to be the professional holiday of filmmakers of Azerbaijan. Today Azerbaijani filmmakers are again dealing with issues similar to those faced by cinematographers prior to the establishment of the Soviet Union in Once again, both choice of content and sponsorship of films are largely left up to the initiative of the filmmaker.
There are three state-owned television channels: One public channel and 6 private channels: The Constitution of Azerbaijan claims to guarantee freedom of speech, but this is denied in practice. After several years of decline in press and media freedom, in , the media environment in Azerbaijan deteriorated rapidly under a governmental campaign to silence any opposition and criticism, even while the country led the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe May—November Spurious legal charges and impunity in violence against journalists have remained the norm.
According to the Freedom House Freedom of the Press report , Azerbaijan's press freedom status is "not free," and Azerbaijan ranks th out of countries. During the last few years, [ when? Azerbaijan had the biggest number of journalists imprisoned in Europe and Central Asia in , according to the Committee to Protect Journalists , and is the 5th most censored country in the world, ahead of Iran and China.
Azerbaijan - Wikipedia
A report by an Amnesty International researcher in October points to ' Sadly Azerbaijan has been allowed to get away with unprecedented levels of repression and in the process almost wipe out its civil society'. Human rights organizations remained unable to resume their work. At least 18 prisoners of conscience remained in detention at the end of the year. Reprisals against independent journalists and activists persisted both in the country and abroad, while their family members also faced harassment and arrests. International human rights monitors were barred and expelled from the country.
Reports of torture and other ill-treatment persisted. Leaked data shows that the Azerbaijani leadership, accused of serial human rights abuses, systemic corruption and rigging elections, made more than 16, covert payments from to Freestyle wrestling has been traditionally regarded as Azerbaijan's national sport , in which Azerbaijan won up to fourteen medals , including four golds since joining the National Olympic Committee. Currently, the most popular sports include football and wrestling.
Football is the most popular sport in Azerbaijan, and the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan with 9, registered players, is the largest sporting association in the country. Backgammon also plays a major role in Azerbaijani culture. Azerbaijan Women's Volleyball Super League is one of strongest women leagues in world. Its women's national team came fourth at the European Championship.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
No customer reviews
This article is about the independent country in the Caucasus. For other uses, see Azerbaijan disambiguation. Republic in Western Asia and Eastern Europe. Location of Azerbaijan green and Artsakh [a] light green. Atropatene and Caucasian Albania. Extreme points of Azerbaijan.
Fauna of Azerbaijan and Flora of Azerbaijan. Elections in Azerbaijan and Human rights in Azerbaijan.
- Knecht Ruprecht, Op. 68, No. 12;
- Azerbaijan.
- Secrets of the Villages: Murder on a Cruise Ship.
Foreign relations of Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan and the European Union.
Republic of Azerbaijan | Azarbaycan Respublikasi
Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan. Largest cities or towns in Azerbaijan Demographic statistics according to the administrative divisions , Azerbaijan State Statistics Committee. Petroleum industry in Azerbaijan. Transportation in Azerbaijan and Rail transport in Azerbaijan. Ethnic minorities in Azerbaijan. List of cities in Azerbaijan. Religions in Azerbaijan [] Islam. Religion in Azerbaijan and Freedom of religion in Azerbaijan.
Culture of Azerbaijan and Literature of Azerbaijan. Music of Azerbaijan and Azerbaijani dances. Visual arts of Azerbaijan. Cinema of Azerbaijan , Azerbaijani animation , and Television in Azerbaijan. Media of Azerbaijan and Media freedom in Azerbaijan. Human rights in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan portal Europe portal Asia portal. In Elgie, Robert ; Moestrup, Sophia. Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. Palgrave Macmillan published 15 May LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency.
Retrieved 13 December United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 21 March Conversely, some sources place Azerbaijan in Europe such as Worldatlas. A Borderland in Transition. The Formation of the Soviet Union: Communism and Nationalism — 2nd ed.
New York University Press. Archived from the original on 3 May Retrieved 4 January Archived from the original on 9 June Retrieved 26 May Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 3 January Indicative of general regional trends and a natural reemergence of previously oppressed religious identity, an increasingly popular ideological basis for the pursuit of political objectives has been Islam The government, for its part, has shown an official commitment to Islam by building mosques and respecting Islamic values Unofficial Islamic groups sought to use aspects of Islam to mobilize the population and establish the foundations for a future political struggle Unlike Turkey, Azerbaijan does not have the powerful ideological legacy of secularism All major political forces are committed to secularism and are based, if anything, on a nationalist agenda.
Archived from the original on 22 July Retrieved 24 July Retrieved 6 March First Encyclopaedia of Islam — reprint ed. John Wiley and Sons. Alexander the Great in Fact and fiction. Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Book Of Common Prayer reprint ed. Iranian and Greek Influences". Retrieved 7 June Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers. Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H.
The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region.
Until , when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the Iranian province of Azerbaijan. Ethno-territorial conflict and coexistence in the caucasus, Central Asia and Fereydan: The region to the north of the river Araxes was not called Azerbaijan prior to , unlike the region in northwestern Iran that has been called since so long ago. In the post Islamic sense, Arran and Shirvan are often distinguished, while in the pre-Islamic era, Arran or the western Caucasian Albania roughly corresponds to the modern territory of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
In the Soviet era, in a breathtaking manipulation, historical Azerbaijan northwestern Iran was reinterpreted as "South Azerbaijan" in order for the Soviets to lay territorial claim on historical Azerbaijan proper which is located in modern-day northwestern Iran. The Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: The languages of the Soviet Union.
Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original PDF on 16 November Retrieved 27 May University of Chicago Press. The new Central Asia: The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: Politics, Energy and Security. Armenia, the survival of a nation. Tsitsianov next moved against the semi-independent Iranian khanates. On the thinnest of pretexts he captured the Muslim town of Gandja, the seat of Islamic learning in the Caucasus From Conflict to Autonomy in the Caucasus: Even though these principalities [the khanates] had not been under Iranian suzerainty since the assassination of Nadir Shah in , they were traditionally considered an inalienable part of Iranian domains.
To the semi-independent Caucasian principalities the appearance of the new Great Power The Diminishing Domains of Qajar Iran".
___ Azerbaijan
International Journal of Middle East Studies. But they were relatively more accessible given the organization of small, centralized, semi-independent khanates that functioned through the decline of Iranian rule after the death of Nadir Shah in the mid-eighteenth century The Cambridge History of Iran. Agha Muhammad Khan could now turn to the restoration of the outlying provinces of the Safavid kingdom. This region comprised a number of khanates of which the most important was Qarabagh , with its capital at Shusha; Ganja, with its capital of the same name; Shirvan across the Kura, with its capital at Shamakhi; and to the north-west, on both banks of the Kura, Christian Georgia Gurjistan , with its capital at Tiflis.
The ghost of freedom: The Heritage of Armenian Literature: From the eighteenth century to modern times. Wayne State University Press. Retrieved 3 September A Global Chronology of Conflict: Russian invasion of Persia. Dowling Russia at War: The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics.
Ebel, Robert, Menon, Rajan Energy and conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus.
Russia and Iran in the great game: The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation. Empires and Revolutions since Perhaps the most important legacy of Yermolov was his intention from early on to prepare the ground for the conquest of the remaining khanates under Iranian rule and to make the River Aras the new border. Another provocative action by Yermolov was the Russian occupation of the northern shore of Lake Gokcha Sivan in the Khanate of Iravan in A clear violation of Golestan, this action was the most significant provocation by the Russian side.
The Lake Gokcha occupation clearly showed that it was Russia and not Iran which initiated hostilities and breached Golestan, and that Iran was left with no choice but to come up with a proper response. Journal of Contemporary History. The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Societies and States in Russian. Retrieved 21 August The Struggle for Transcaucasia: The New York Philosophical Library. A Modern History of the Islamic World.
Archived from the original on 6 September Retrieved 28 August Sons of the conquerors: Retrieved 9 May Retrieved 8 May United States of America: Communal Violence and Human Rights " ".
- Azerbaijan - Country Profile - Nations Online Project.
- Buy for others.
- ;
- .
- Product details?
Retrieved 1 December Archived from the original on 10 June Retrieved 4 June New York University Press, p. Retrieved 9 September United Nations General Assembly. Retrieved 14 March The Great Soviet Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved 22 May Azerbaijan A chronology of key events: Retrieved 15 August Loyal forces storm a building and overcome mutinous police units, president reports". Retrieved 14 October Archived from the original on 17 December Keesing's Record of World Events.
Archived from the original on 25 May Archived from the original on 8 February Retrieved 17 February Archived from the original on 10 February Retrieved 8 February Retrieved 30 June United Nations Environment Programme. Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic. Archived from the original on 24 May Central Asia and Caucasus Institute. Archived from the original on 13 October Retrieved 5 March Archived from the original on 11 November Retrieved 8 November Retrieved 4 August Retrieved 10 July Retrieved 26 September Retrieved on 1 July Retrieved 4 July Retrieved 26 April Retrieved 31 May Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Archived from the original on 4 May Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. Eurasia Daily Monitor Volume. Retrieved 23 December Retrieved 23 May Retrieved 24 April Retrieved 14 April Archived from the original on 12 May Advanced Research and Assessment Group. Heydar Aliyev Heritage Research Center. Archived from the original on 24 July Archived from the original on 6 June Retrieved 3 June Archived from the original on 14 May Retrieved 15 October Azerbaijan warns Armenia with show of military might".
Retrieved 26 January Archived from the original on 9 January Retrieved 24 December Retrieved 4 March Archived from the original on 5 May Retrieved 29 May Design and Transition to a New Currency". Retrieved 7 December Archived from the original on 12 September Retrieved 28 September Archived PDF from the original on 6 December Doing Business PDF. Archived from the original on 28 May Archived from the original on 12 October Archived from the original on 3 October Retrieved 6 June Retrieved 21 September Archived from the original on 20 March Retrieved 28 May Archived from the original on 18 April Retrieved 24 May Statistical Yearbook of Azerbaijan Archived from the original PDF on 2 February Archived from the original on 19 August Retrieved 12 August Archived from the original on 28 November This summer's most popular holiday spots" — via www.
Archived from the original PDF on 25 July Implications for Turkey" PDF. Oil Window to the West: Archived from the original PDF on 27 February Retrieved 30 December Archived from the original on 11 October UN Economic Commission for Europe. Archived from the original PDF on 23 May Retrieved 23 January Retrieved 19 December Archived from the original on 7 May Retrieved 15 April Retrieved 18 March Global Network for the Forecasting of Earthquakes.
Retrieved 29 March Archived from the original on 8 November Retrieved 5 November Archived from the original on 6 November Archived from the original on 10 May Retrieved 1 April Hurriyet Daily News and Economic Review. Archived from the original on 11 May Retrieved 29 July State Committee on Work with Diaspora. Retrieved 25 May Archived from the original on 17 April Retrieved 27 August Languages of the World.
Archived from the original on 18 December Studies in languages of Azerbaijan. Baku, Azerbaijan and Saint Petersburg, Russia: Retrieved 11 July Archived from the original PDF on 19 May Archived from the original on 29 April Retrieved 9 April Retrieved 30 January Archived from the original on 21 November United Nations Development Program Retrieved 12 March Retrieved 22 March Azerbaijan , Marshall Cavendish, , p.
Archived from the original on 26 August The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Reviving a Tradition in Azerbaijan". Archived from the original on 8 May Retrieved 27 April Archived from the original on 2 October Retrieved 1 October Retrieved 19 September Retrieved 14 May Retrieved 15 May