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Learn more about Amazon Prime. Get fast, free shipping with Amazon Prime. Get to Know Us. English Choose a language for shopping. Historical studies are an opportunity to increaseconsciousnessof and action on the needs of the profession, because such studies entail critical and reflective knowledge, in this case about a politics of health care that can produce more humane and ethical care in several ways.

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Based onFoucault's concept of constitution of subjects, the authors began their research with the following questions: How do nurses travel down the paths of alienation and participation? How was Maria Augusta Sousa constituted as an activist and nurse? Which formative fields contributed to her trajectory as an activist? What techniques of production of subjects exist in her life story?

The objective of the study was to analyze the constitution of Sousa as an activist in nursing. This was a study of Sousa's life history, with a biographical focus characterized by her creative movement, which produces meaning when outlined as the source of new knowledge. The authors go on to analysis of the dimension of the status of the narrated subject, this status being transformed as a result of who listens. It is important to note that the philosophical framework that supported analysis of the constitution of subjects was based on the work of Michel Foucault.

The theoretical aspects of techniques of the self were divided into four main groups: Sousa graduated in nursing from the ArturRavara College of Nursing in , and specialized in mental health nursing and psychiatry in The present study was funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, and carried out with Sousa, the object and only participant in this study, in Coimbra, Portugal, during the primary researcher's doctoral degree studies.

Data were collected in October by a semi-structured interview. The interview was recorded after the participant authorized the interview and signed a free and informed consent form anda letter authorizing use of the interview. The duration of the interview was 2 hours and 42 minutes; it was then transcribed and transcreated.

Analysis of the interview was conducted from October 28 to November 4, NVivo 10 software was used to organize and tabulate the oral history, which had been transformed from oral to written data. This software enables the exploration of in-depth interviews and organization and analysis of semi-structured interviews. Data analysis consisted of the following steps: Categorization of the data was based on record units and manifest content, which enabled identification, over the life of the study participant, of acts that connected and were interrelated.

As for categories of analysis, they were expanded into categories and subcategories, which in the software are called nodes and internal nodes, respectively. In the category of techniques of power, the authors obtained the technical subcategories of participation and alienation. In the category of techniques of production, the authors obtained the subcategories formal education and actions of involvement with the world, society and the profession of nursing. Finally, in the category of techniques of the self, the researchers obtained the subcategories professional identity and mode.

The present study complied with the ethical principles of research proposed by National Health Council Resolution No. The study results converged to respond to the central research questions, because the researchers wanted to analyze the constitution of activist subjects, anchored in the theoretical and philosophical framework of Foucault and the qualitative analysis software.

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Analysis withNvivo research software enabled the authors to find the categories referred to as"nodes" by the software program and subcategories referred to as "sub-nodes"by the software of analysis. The first analytical category, or node, was composed of the techniques or devices of power, present in the phenomenon studied, that being the life story of Maria Augusta Sousa and her constitution as an activist subject in Portuguese nursing.

The difficulty objectifies political affirmation, scientific and political participation [speaks of the triple work shift and women's work], the disorganization of time is brutal and, therefore, is the reason for not participating, and those who do not participate cannot have, cannot gain, political power. Political power is gained when one participates How can we enable Portuguese nursing, believe in its value, believe in its power? So, nursing has a lot of trouble getting outside the walls [the workload of nurses was increased to 40hours by government decree], we have a hour work week.

Nurses need to struggle, raise the flag and be able to get there. We are living in a time of removal of social rights; it is a serious problem in Portuguese society. It is not just the problem of nurses; it is of Portuguese society. So, how can we change this if nurses do not participate, are not normally in the areas of debate, and are separated from this? Professional status was something that came from the s.

We had several meetings to discuss what the statute had to contain, which required collective participation. What would the statute need to contain? This is because there were those who wanted to put in the statute whether nurses would place the water tray or not place the water tray The statute says that the interventions of nurses are autonomous and interdependent. But this was the most difficult question of all, some wanted the nursing interventions to be autonomous, interdependent and dependent.

And this was the war. I'm talking about the cream of nursing, some thought like that From the above statements, the authors perceived that nursing, as a field of work, has difficulties in the field of political statement due to precarious working conditions, devaluing the category's power to make demands, failure of these professionals to think about the world as a whole, and weakness innurses'understandingof their role in health care organizations. Political power is gained when you participate. One does not win just by having a party, it is won because you actively participate in things.

In this mix, you meet people, people count on us and we rely on others I'm not kidding, a spectacular national cooperation among unions, institutions, training centers, and schools. Even with all the differences that were not addressed, things continued in any case, the movement generated this This was everything we did in those two decades.

The s was marked by all these steps It is part of the role of the union to discuss with the nurses to steer things that we have done or tried to do We started out by saying that each one will say what they think has to be put in the statute, even if it will be putting the water tray, everything came out at the beginning of each meeting.

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Working groups were formed, nurses participated, andin the end there was more coherent direction of what should be in the statute, which should have principles It was the way to have a discussion with colleagues about what was important. Usually we went to work, then we would meet with all those who wanted to go We argued with a security guard even in terms of power and counter-power,[however, in discussions with the government] we could not give in easily. To give in we had to consult colleagues.

This sometimes created a lot of confusion with our colleagues in the union The colleagues who participated had a project coordinated by an American coordinator. Stefani made the connection with our colleague, who was responsible for the program here. These 20 colleagues participated in a group and studied, on their own, a program that is 2 years, they were defining intervention projects in the local community, to then evaluate what they were doing I think it was very interesting, we had the participation of entities that the colleagues were part of, that represented the institutions, developed protocols to put the projects into action.

And it was interesting for recognition of the profession and the Order itself. The Order itself will be recognized In the second category, techniques of production of activist subjects, the following sub-nodes were indicated:. Before getting into nursing I was already involvedin the youth movement, the youth of the Catholic Church.

This was in the fascist period, the movement against the government by the Catholic Church movement The Catholic youth had a methodology, and I think it still has, called "vision", which was very important. We had this little game of ping pong, but we also had topics that arose in the group discussion, that we took home to reflect on and bring the next week.

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We sought to discuss various topics such as social injustice, we had to do this every week It was at the end of the course, already at the end of the course. And there was a serious problem, floods, it was brutal. Floods that resulted in many people being homeless. I was doing psychiatry at that point, I remember perfectly. And people came to me who knew the JOC, came to me, while I was in school. And they came to me because of the history of floods, to see if I wanted to get into a group to go to a neighborhood to help, to manage what was happening.

I said, "Well, if it is for this, I will go".

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The same thing in the design of mobile libraries, I have no idea how it is An update, which can be walked from one place to another, and therefore can be in one place at one time and another place at another time. It also allows for growth of this component in areas of difficult access, and can serve as an instrument of nursing knowledge I think that nursing education did not help this [referring to political activism].

On the contrary, it was education heavily oriented toward submission, in order to ensure everything was in order, for everyone to stay in line, so I think that nursing did not increase my activism. It was my previous career in social science that gave me this activism at the level of social science that I reached, this allowed me to face some aspects that were not usually faced by colleagues.


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  8. The behavior of all the professors was very authoritarian, only one or two were different. At the time, nursing was always linked to the religious order, influenced by the Catholic movement, which had a very important role in the training. It was here, that is, in the same training [referring to technical and nursing procedures], actions outside of the sets were not done, which did not allow nursing to evolve At the time, they said that because of my political dimension, I could not be a nurse, that I was an agitator, threats were even made, everything was done so that I did not finish the course Everything should be in secret, and there should be no confrontation [referring to the perspectives of other people], several colleagues said that we could not fight, we should not confront Finally, in the third category of techniques of the self, the sub-nodes identified were professional identity and way of being of the activist in the study.

    This reveals initial ignorance of the profession; however, with development of the course, there is a meeting with a vocation and consequent professional satisfaction. It also shows the values of appreciation of the work and educational dialogue, with openness to discussing the dilemmas of society and the implications for social justice. There are records of confrontations on matters of tradition and acts of liberation as against what was imposed.

    I think I got into nursing because I did not want to work in an office. I would not go for any of that. I went into nursing more for what I did not want than what I wanted. I already had it in my head that I did not want a profession that would keep me in an office, for me this was separation. I wanted a job related to society, but did not want to be a teacher, for me this did not work