Many of the claims are denied by Jehovah's Witnesses and some have also been disputed by courts and religious scholars. Doctrinal criticisms Failed predictions The beliefs unique to Jehovah's Witnesses involve their interpretations of the second coming of Christ, the millennium and the kingdom of God.

Watch Tower Society publications have made, and continue to make, predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bibl The style and form are typical of the mystical tradition, as early theologians began to fuse emerging pre-Enlightenment concepts of classification and organization with religion and alchemy, to shape an artful and perhaps more conceptual view of God.

A number of traditions have lists of many names of God, many of which enumerate the various qualities of a Supreme Being. The English word "God" and its equivalent in other languages is used by multiple religions as a noun or name to refer to different deities, or specifically to the Supreme Being, as denoted in English by the capitalized and uncapitalized terms "god" and "God".

Jehovah complex is a term used in Jungian analysis to describe a neurosis of egotistical self-inflation. The term derives from the Masoretic Old Testament wherein, by certain literalist interpretations, Jehovah is depicted as a blood-thirsty genocidist who seeks the extinction of every man, woman, and child of enemy tribes and who disobeys the commandment to have "no other gods before me. This "wrathful alien space god from some corporate sin galaxy" is considered to be identical with the God of the Abrahamic and most other patriarchal religions.

The many things told and shown to "Bob" during his Divine Emaculation were written down in the Prescriptures, the most sacred texts of SubGenius tradition, excerpts of which were publicized in the Book of the SubGenius. The Book of the SubGenius: The Sacred Teachings of J. He claimed to be the Almighty God and deemed Jesus Christ to be his son. He considered Mount Elgon which is near his home to be Mount Zion. He died on July 18, at the age of He referred to his ministry as the Lost Isralites of Kenya.

Wanyonyi had 70 wives and 95 children. He refused to say if his children are also sons of God. Wanyonyi is said to have approximately 1, followers who consider him to be God.

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Retrieved August 12, Throughout Jehovah's Witnesses' history, their beliefs, doctrines, and practices have engendered controversy and opposition from local governments, communities, and religious groups. Many Christian denominations consider the interpretations and doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses to be heretical. Some religious leaders have accused Jehovah's Witnesses of being a cult. According to law professor Archibald Cox, in the United States, Jehovah's Witnesses were "the principal victims of religious persecution … they began to attract attention and provoke repression in the s, when their proselytizing and numbers rapidly increased.

The denomination's doctrine of political neutrality has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription for example in Britain during World War II and afterwards du Towing Jehovah is a fantasy novel by American writer James K. Morrow, published by Harcourt Brace. In it received the World Fantasy Award for best novel, with two additional best novel awards.


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It was followed by two sequels in and Synopsis God is dead, and now God's two-mile-long cadaver is floating in the Atlantic Ocean, just off the coast of Africa. As a result, the archangel Raphael hires supertanker captain Anthony Van Horne to tow the cadaver into the Arctic, with the intention of having it be preserved by the cold. Jehovah's Witnesses believe salvation is a gift from God attained by being part of "God's organization" and putting faith in Jesus' ransom sacrifice.

They do not believe in predestination or eternal security.

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They believe in different forms of resurrection for two groups of Christians. One group, the anointed, go to heaven while the other group, "the other sheep" or "the great crowd" will live forever on earth. Basis Jehovah's Witnesses teach that salvation is possible only through Christ's ransom sacrifice[1] and that individuals cannot be saved until they repent of their sins and call on the name of Jehovah. The works prove faith is genuine. Jehovah's Witnesses base their practices on the biblical interpretations of Charles Taze Russell — , founder c. Since practices have also been based on decisions made at closed meetings of the group's Governing Body.

Jehovah's Witnesses endeavor to remain "separate from the world",[3] which they regard as a place of moral contamination and under the control of Satan. Witnesses refuse to participate in any political and military activity and limit social contact with non-Witnesses. In Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction —45 it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From until the regime's collapse in , the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.

He closely supervised military operations during the war and by December had full control of all strategic decisions, especially on the Eastern Front. He was central to the perpetration of the Holocaust. Hitler was born in Austria—then part of Austria-Hungary—and was raised near Linz. In , he attempted to seize power in a failed coup in Munich and was With a population of over million people, the U.

The capital is Washington, D. Forty-eight states and the capital's federal district are contiguous in North America between Canada and Mexico. The State of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The establishment of the Polish state can be traced back to A.

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The Kingdom of Poland was founded in , and in it cemen Myanmar English pronunciation below; Burmese: Myanmar is bordered by India and Bangladesh to its west, Thailand and Laos to its east and China to its north and northeast. The country's census counted the population to be 51 million people. Its capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city and former capital is Yangon Rangoon. With nearly 83 million inhabitants, it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia, the most populous state lying entirely in Europe, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union.

Germany is a very decentralized country. Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country's busiest airport. Germany's largest urban area is the R An Adonaist is a sect or party who maintain that the Hebrew language vowel points ordinarily annexed to the consonants of the word "Jehovah", are not the natural points belonging to that word, and that they do not express the true pronunciation of it; but that they are vowel points belonging to the words, Adonai and Elohim, applied to the ineffable name Jehovah, which the Jews were forbidden to utter, and the true pronunciation of which was lost; they were therefore always to pronounce the word Adonai, instead of Jehovah.

Formally, this is plural "my Lords" , but the plural is usually construed as a respectful, and not a syntactic plural. The singular form is Adoni, "my lord". This was used by the Phoenicians for the god Tammuz and is the origin of the Greek name Adonis. Jews only use the singular to refer to a distinguished person: The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence in and became the first democratic Muslim state.

In September , the Armenian majority of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region seceded to fo A simplified chart of historical developments of major groups within Bible Students Jehovah's Witnesses originated as a branch of the Bible Student movement, which developed in the United States in the s among followers of Christian Restorationist minister Charles Taze Russell. Bible Student missionaries were sent to England in and the first overseas branch was opened in London in The group took on the name International Bible Students Association and by it was also active in Canada, Germany, Australia and other countries.

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Under Rutherford's direction, the International Bible Students Association introduced significant doctrinal changes that resulted in many long-term members leaving the Donald McKinley Glover Jr. He stars in the FX series Atlanta, which he created and occasionally directs. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico.

With an estimated population of over million people,[15] the country is the eleventh most populous state and the most populous Spanish-speaking state in the world, while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil. Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states and Mexico City, a special federal entity that is also the capital city and its most populous city. Other metropolises in the state Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south.

The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces Spanish: Capital Federal as decided by Congress. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands She was cited as the most awarded female artist of all time by Guinness World Records and remains one of the best-selling music artists of all time with million records sold worldwide. She released seven studio albums and two soundtrack albums, all of which have been certified diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold by the Recording Industry Association of America RIAA.

Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts—as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know"—influenced several African-American women artists who followed in her footsteps. Houston began singing in church as a child and became a background vocalist while in high school. With the guidance of Arista Records chairman Clive Davis, she signed to the label at the age of Her first two studio albums, Whitney Houston and Whitney , both reached number one on the Billboard in the Unit He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in —43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in —45 from the Western Front.

His family had a strong religious background. Even so, Eisenhower did not belong to any organized church until He cited constant relocation during his military career as one reason. Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. The capital and most populous city is San Juan. Its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish predominates. Puerto Rico's history, tropical climate, natural scenery, traditional cuisine, and tax incentives make it a destination for travelers from around the world. Rutherford, second president of the Watch Tower Society, condemned politicians, business leaders and clergy in their support of the League of Nations.

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the United Nations will soon destroy all other religions, and then turn against Jehovah's Witnesses. Rutherford's comments on the League of Nations: Look up hallelujah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Hallelujah with the variation Alleluia may also refer to: TV series , a British sitcom Hallelujah! The Devil's Carnival, film directed by Darren Lynn Bousman Hallelooya, Malayalam film Music Classical music Arranged in chronological order of apparition of the original piece.

As of , Jehovah's Witnesses reported a monthly average membership of approximately 8.


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To be counted, an individual must be a publisher, and report some amount of time preaching to non-members, normally at least an hour per month. Under certain circumstances, such as chronic and debilitating illness, members may report increments of 15 minutes. Jehovah's Witnesses' preaching activity is self-reported, and members are directed to submit a 'Field Service Report' each month. Baptized members who fail to submit a report every month are termed 'irregular'. Those who do not submit a report for six continuous months are termed 'inactive'. Over 10 million were also reported as s It comprises an estimated Archaeology indicates that the Korean Peninsula was inhabited by early humans starting from the Lower Paleolithic period 2.

Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea under Unified The group's name is an acronym of the first letters of their first names. They became one of the most commercially successful acts in the history of popular music, topping the charts worldwide from to They are the most successful group to have taken part in the competition. Estimates of ABBA's total record sales are at least million records worldwide,[2][3] making them one of the best-selling music artists of all time.

Michael Joseph Jackson August 29, — June 25, was an American singer, songwriter and dancer. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century[3] and is also regarded as one of the greatest entertainers of all time. He began his solo career in while at Motown Records. In the early s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music.

His music videos, including those for "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller" from his album Thriller, are credited with breaking racial barriers and transforming the medium into an art form and promotional tool.

Their popularity helped bring the television Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela ;[1] Xhosa: He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in and co-founding its Youth League in After the National Party's white-only government established A Kingdom Hall is a place of worship used by Jehovah's Witnesses.

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The term was first suggested in by Joseph Franklin Rutherford, then president of the Watch Tower Society, for a building in Hawaii. Witnesses prefer the term "Kingdom Hall" over "church", noting that the term often translated "church" in the Bible refers to the congregation of people rather than a structure. An annual yeartext, or "theme scripture", which is the same for all congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses worldwide, is prominently displayed in each Kingdom Hall. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than million people from over 30 countries.

The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 50 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war. In the Christian ordering, the grouping of the Prophetic Books is the last section of the Old Testament, making Malachi the last book before the New Testament.

The book is commonly attributed to a prophet by the name of "Malachi," as its title has frequently been understood as a proper name, although its Hebrew meaning is simply "My messenger" the Septuagint reads "his messenger" and may not be the author's name at all. The name occurs in the superscription at 1: Learn more about Amazon Giveaway.

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Capellus, as against grammatical and historical propriety. As yet we have not found Galatino's works online so as to examine how he used the form "Jehovah. At any rate, the forms Jehovah, Iehouah, Yehowah, etc. The Masoretes had supplied the vowel points for that form long before Galatino was alive.

We have not been able to find much online about this, and most of what we found is inaccurate, or incomplete, in what is stated. We will present some of what we found, and our comments:. The form Jehovah was used in the 16th century by many authors, both Catholic and Protestant, and in the 17th was zealously defended by Fuller, Gataker, Leusden and others, against the criticisms of such scholars as Drusius, Cappellus and the elder Buxtorf. It appeared in the English Bible in Tyndale's translation of the Pentateuch , and is found in all English Protestant versions of the 16th century except that of Coverdale In the Authorized Version of it occurs in Exod.

In the Revised Version of , Jehovah is retained in the places in which it stood in the A. The American committee which cooperated in the revision desired to employ the name Jehovah wherever Jhvh occurs in the original, and editions embodying their preferences are printed accordingly. The author of this article evidently is only considering either Latin or English forms, and appears to disregard the vowel points supplied the Masoretes.

The Masoretes completed their work sometime before the tenth century, but they had been working on this for several centuries before. As far as we can determine, there is no way to know when they first used the Hebrew form with its vowel points. Regardless, the form in that text predates all of the usages spoken of in the quote.

He [Galatino] is sometimes referred to as the "inventor" of the Latinized term Jehovah; however, this is really not accurate. The author of the above does show that the Masoretes added the vowel points from which the form Jehovah is derived, but then repeats the often-stated claim that the Masoretes took the vowels from the Masoretic form transliterated as Adonai for use in the Holy Name, supposedly to remind the reader to mispronounce the Holy Name by substituting it with Adonai.

While this view has become very popular among both Christian and Jewish scholars, there is no real evidence that this what the Masoretes did. It has been maintained by some recent scholars that the word Jehovah dates only from the year cf. Hastings, "Dictionary of the Bible", II, , p. But the writers of the sixteenth century, Catholic and Protestant e.

Galatinus himself "Areana cathol. Finally, the word is found even in the "Pugio fidei" of Raymund Martin, a work written about ed. Probably the introduction of the name Jehovah antedates even R. The author of this article again does not point out that the Masoretes provided the vowel points that correspond to the rendering "Jehovah", "Yehowah", etc. Another point is that the author states that Raymund Martini used the form "Jehovah" about The form "Jehova", does appear in the later published work, but in the original, it is reported that Martini used the form "Yohoua.

At any rate, to say that any author invented the form "Jehovah" sometime after the tenth century AD would be very misleading, since the Masoretes had already provided the vowel points that result in the various forms "Jehovah", "Yehowah", etc. Posted by Ronald Day at 3: Saturday, May 26, Malachi 2: And indeed, I have cursed it, because you are not setting it on your heart. This was a direct command to the priests of His covenant people, Israel.

The principle holds true, however, with the common priesthood 1 Peter 2: On the other hand, there are "priests" who profess to be Christian who claim authority over fellow believers. Such generally pursue a course similar to the servant Jesus describes in Matthew These often, in some way or other, claim a lordship over others, similar to the Gentiles that Jesus spoke of in Matthew