Es posible que hacia el siglo VI a. Este cambio se debe a la mayor facilidad de movimiento y al incremento de intercambios entre feudos: En una de ellas se lamenta: Su seguidor, Han Kangbo? Su atributo es la constancia, la persistencia y el vigor. Representa una fuerza enorme, imparable, creativa, que no muestra clemencia una vez puesta en marcha.
Es la materia, lo material, la sustancia que da forma a las cosas. Provoca terror reverencial, alarma y sorpresa. Representa los momentos de crisis a partir de los cuales pueden aparecer cambios y transformaciones. Re- presenta lo que ocurre cuando se llega a una parada, cuando algo obliga a detener el ritmo. Quema lo viejo para dar paso a lo nuevo, y representa la inteligencia. Es el optimismo, la facultad de disfrutar de la vida y de encontrar motivo de regocijo.
Los 64 hexagramas no son solamente momentos en el tiempo. La imagen principal comenta el Dictamen estudiando los trigramas componentes de cada hexagrama. The Century Association, Penguin Books, Limited, Milestones of American Painting in Our Century. Career of Silent Poetry. Edward Hopper Retrospective Exhibition. Museu de Arte Moderna, Des Moines Art Center, The Art Museum, Princeton University, The Art and the Artist.
New York and London: The World of Edward Hopper. The Issue of Modern Art in Boston. The Institute of Contemporary Art, Two Centuries of American Art. Edited by Terry A. Terra Foundation for the Arts, Dawn in Pennsylvania , Edward Hopper. The Washington Post Magazine July 3, Cendo, Nicolas et al. Edward Hopper und die Fotografie: Fragen an vier Bilder.
New History of World Art. Lyons, Deborah and Adam D. A primary focus is on the chains of influence and counter-influence between these different regions, and many others as well, that led to the refinement of the use of This is the final lecture of the series. In this lecture, we examine a new technology — air-conditioning — and discuss its sociotechnical and architectural histories, i.
Although this series of lectures is organized in a loosely chronological manner and air-conditioning appears to be the latest instalment in the history of climate control, I argue that the architectural history of air-conditionin Indeed, scholars of Islamic art and architecture, over the past decade or so in particular, have demonstrated that the field is characterized by a dialogic process of development rather than an autonomous or mimetic one that depend Mohammed Alkhabbaz , Christian A.
This lecture begins with an examination of brick and its development and history before Islam. Next, brickmaking and the use of brick is charted through the Islamic culture. The lecture concludes with contemporary uses of brick and the evocative meaning of such use. The history of brick architecture is the history of civilization. With the spread of Islam new urban centers were created, and the technology of making bricks, fired and glazed bricks, transported where Isl One of the most ubiquitous and prolific decorative materials found throughout the history of Islamic art and architecture is the ceramic tile.
Tiles in a variety of forms are found throughout the history of Islamic architecture including: The use of dressed stone in architecture signifies the knowledge of advanced stone working technology. The concept of shaping stones began with the invention of the first stone tools. Those stones were broken and sharpened using other stones through knapping. Stone that has been cut, shaped into a smoother planar form so that stones fit together are called dressed stone.
The production of dressed stone requires knowledge about stone properties to determine, or invent, the Stucco was first employed in Iran for the primary reason of a lack of building stone. It was used in this way to not only conceal the surface inconsistencies in brick, the dominant building material, but also as a transitional material between various wall surface media. Through decorative ornamentation and geometric patterning inconsistencies in the wall were covered.
It soon became a dominant architectural feature firmly associated with the Abbasid caliphate. It is well known that the pointed arch appears in buildings around the Mediterranean and Central Asia prior to even its adaption by Islam, much less its appearance at St. Denis, Paris in the 12th century. The intent of this lecture is to o La dificultad en adquirirla, transportarla y moldearla la convierte en un material especial que tiende a la permanencia. La piedra seca y quebradiza que resulta se convierte en una sustancia fluida y crem Such structures are found worldwide, as residences, churches, shrines, meditation spaces, civic structures and tombs — rock-cut architecture occupies a central place in many global civilizations.
It even persists into the present day in forms such Vikramaditya Prakash , Tyler Sprague. Shown as residences, churches, shrines, meditation spaces, civic structures and tombs, rock-cut architecture occupies a central place in many global civilizations - even persisting into the present day in forms such as subway systems, underground market spaces, and the occasional itinerant work of architecture.
This lecture provides an interpretation of the Pharoanic architecture of the Nile River valley through the lens of the chthonic. Concurrent developments in Mesopotamia display similar chthonic roots. In Persia, this sensibility is evident in the Tomb of Cyrus outside of Pasargarde — an assembled stone mass that mimics the earlier ziggurats. Like the Egyptians, the Persians then transitioned to rock-cut tombs for Darius, Xerxes, a The Persian Empire had a massive influence over the rising Mauryas in India.
After the conquest of Persepolis by Alexander, the craftsmen and thinkers of Persia migrated East to India — taking their expertise and aesthetic ideology with them.
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Stone pillars with animal capitals transitioned directly, while other forms had a more tangential influence. The rock-cut tombs and treasuries of West Asia, may have been the direct precedent for the first Buddhist and Jain caityas The lecture begins with the chthonic forms of the Pue This lecture explores the unexpected appearance of rock-cut architecture in more modern context. With the onset of modernity, the longstanding separation of the native ground from the capital-A architecture became dominant, particularly with the ascent of the functionalist, materialist and tectonic contentions of architecture.
As per the expectations of the European Enlightenment, the empowe This course presents a series of 7 introductory lectures locating the pre-islamic architecture of sub-continental south Asia in its global context. The lecture then moves to the contexts of the esta This lecture focuses on the Aryas, and in particularly their metaphysics as manifested in their architecture.
The lecture begins with a discussion of the controversial Arya Migration Theory, and its racist sub-texts, and attempts to distinguish that from the globally situated understanding of the migratory influences on cultural development, in particular in South Asia. This leads to a discussion of the making of Arya cities in the Gangetic plain, and what connects and dis This lecture is the first of two parts that explore the forms of Buddhist architecture, their relationship to trade, and their proliferation in the Asian world. The lecture begins with the rise of the Mauryan Empire and its relationshi This lecture combines two topics — a.
From here the lecture moves to the study of the practical instit This lecture is dedicated to the development of Hinduism in the Guptan period in South Asia. This development took place in the context of the ongoing spread of Buddhism throughout Asia, which has been covered in other lectures. By contrast this lecture will argue that the Guptas, who were generous patrons of the Buddhists in their realms, sought to revive Hinduism, in harm This lecture explores the development of the temple concept in the South Asian world affected by the Guptan invention of the structural, in particular focus on the peninsular Indian kingdoms of the Pallavas and the Chalukyas.
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This lecture focuses the relationship between Hindu temples and administrative systems. We study the new manuals of temple building — the Vastu-Shastras — and some of their famous architectural creations. The Bay of Bengal and the Indian O This is a discussion of the Khmer socio-economic matrix in terms of its innovation of Cholan kovil practices.
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It outlines the hydro engineering and the social systems that were integrated by the Khmer to create a uniquely powerful polity in SE Asia. The main case study is Vrah Vishnulok Angkor Wat , which can be understood as a spatialization of Mouth Meru, here adapted to the local geographical conditions. This lecture addresses the so-called establishment of Islam in South Asia. While colonial texts usually identify the invasions of Mohammand Ghazni and Ghori around CE as the beginning of Islam in India, this lecture contends that these are colonial projections, and that the actual story of Islam and south Asia goes back to the older ongoing trade between West Asia and South Asia.
This lecture then examines the architecture of the Delhi Sultanates, a series of short liv The concept of this lecture is to discuss the Mughal tomb. It focuses on the Taj Mahal and its precedents. These five lectures revisit architectural histories itihasas of the Indian Subcontinent from multidisciplinary, cross-geographical, and interpretive perspectives, supported by a new body of scholarship and archaeological data.
These lectures revisit architectural histories itihasas of the Indian Subcontinent from multidisciplinary, cross-geographical, and interpretive perspectives, supported by a new body of scholarship and archaeological data. This lecture examines Mughal architecture, one of the most vibrant and dynamic architectural eras in India. A Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin, the Mughals ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the midth century.
During its imperial rule stretching over more than two centuries, the Mughal Empire created a spectacular body of mausoleums, mosques, palaces, and ga Among them were such renowne This lecture examines the how the newly minted nations of India and Pakistan negotiated the questions of national identity and modernism through the language of architecture. In the wake of the Indian Partition in , these nations looked both outward and inward for inspiration, marked by an urge to construct an image of progress, modernity, and nationalism.
Luego, la clase pasa a los conte El concepto de esta clase es discutir la tumba Mogola. Se enfoca en el Taj Mahal y sus precedentes. La clase comienza con el surgimiento del Imp Esta clase combina dos temas: En contraste, esta clase explica que los Gupta, que fueron generosos mecenas de los budistas en sus reinos, buscaron revivir el hinduismo Este no es un m Esta clase aborda el llamado establecimiento del Islam en el sur de Asia. Mientras que los textos coloniales generalmente identifican las invasiones de Mohammand Ghazni y Ghori alrededor de DC como el comienzo del Islam en la India, esta clase sostiene que estas son proyecciones coloniales, y que la historia real del Islam y el sur de Asia se remonta al comercio entre Occidente Asia y Asia del Sur.
Esta clase luego examina la arquitectura de los Sultanatos de Delhi, u This course proposes to analyze the global turn as it relates to the industrial revolution and the regimes of circulation of goods and commodities, knowledge, experts, techniques, people, and labor that it introduced and supported. We contend that these regimes posed new challenges to the discourse and practices of modern architecture that yielded substantial innovations during the mid nineteenth century that changed and consolidated in the second half of the twentieth cen We identify and discuss the contribution of world exhibitions and fairs to global production and consumption of good and commodities as it relates to the emergence of new spaces of display and commercial collectivity.
Case studies range from the Crystal Palace at the Great Exhibition of London to the urban department stores of Europe Innovation by Victor Horta in Brussels and Schocken by Erich Mendelsohn in Germany and suburban shopping malls in the post world war We identify modes of knowledge creation and dissemination in different media over time. Whereas travel was the most important source of direct learning during the eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth century, the proliferation of printed matter and photography expanded the possibilities of learning from afar and was eventually even more radically transformed by the advent of the digital revolution.
When travel was not possible, the plaster cast functioned as a surro As education moved from in-situ learning to spaces of collectivity, so too did opportunities for architects and students of architects to converge into the transcultural classroom. If colonialism promoted exchanges between nations, it was not until nationalism asserted itself that institutions began to formalize education.
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Together with the increased media, this lead to the rise of greater networks of collaboration and the rise of the international competition. Here, the question is: How can construction practices be regarded as global processes? We identify and analyze a series of producers of products alongside the emergence of new construction techniques and technologies.
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Dramatically increased mobility throughout the last century has generated both increased dialogue and new types of buildings that have accommodated new forms of transport ranging from air and train to automobiles. This phenomenon has given way to a number of diverse types of buildings including the Motel, Hotel, Airport, and Train Stations.
The building industry has increased relied upon labor moved across geographies that reveals the economic disparities between regions and cities of the global north and south. These exchanges reveal the paradoxes between the virtual and real insofar as the needs of actually building in specific places go counter to the global circulation of ideas and capital.
Appreciation develops from understanding. The goal of this course is to introduce and foster an understanding of architecture as a central component of the built environment and of the ways in which architecture exemplifies cultural values. Architecture is all around us and part of our daily lives. It refers not only to buildings: This course serves as an introductory course to the history of ancient built environments.
We will become familiar with the language of built environments including the vocabularies of architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design. We will also be introduced to ideas that have shaped the cultures we know today, from the Western Culture of Europe to that of China, India, and some of the many cultures of the African continent.
This is a survey course and an introdu What unifies them is their use of stone - used for a range of building types that speak to a human desire to provide enduring monuments on the landscape. While we may have monuments that have endured from very early dates, we don't always have full knowledge of why they were built or what purpose they served. Our earliest examples t Lecture 3 continues an examination of materials and explores the broader context within individual monuments were sited, looking at the settlements that preceded the emergence of cities, which will be the topic of Lecture 4.
With these we address several among the sites of the world's earliest civilizations, in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China and Mesoamerica. While small villages comprised the earliest settlements, we can also identify the beginnings of early urban settlements if we define urban as a center of population, commerce, and culture - a town of significant size and importance.
We can recognize these settlements as constituting a series of networks, from social networks and governmental systems to modes or systems of commerce, trade, and production. A city is the result of urbanization, which can be thought of as a p This is the first of two lectures that focus on architecture and ritual, exploring the ritual spaces and architectural forms that developed along with enduring religious traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism.
These religions both originated in the Indian subcontinent and were later exported along trade routes, taking hold across Asia. Both symbolically and architecturally, the religious monuments we'll now explore demonstrate strong ties to the landscapes of their settings. This lecture is the first of a sequence of two lectures that focus on the building of empire, looking at the empires established in Rome, China and Central or Meso- America.
We will look at the architectural forms and effects on the built environment of these political systems. In the case of Rome and China we are discussing vast territorial holdings and long durations - and we have a great deal of information about each of these empires. The situation in Central Amer This lecture will focus on the building of empires, how were the empires manifested in the built environment? We have looked at Rome and then moved to Meso or Central America, where we will pick up today and finally to China.
These were distinct empires, sharing characteristics but as with all of the built environments we have studied, there are specific response to place, to landscape, to environment, to culture, and to practices including trade, politics, and power. This lecture will focus on the question of how did secular developments and trade influence the form of cities in the later medieval period?
The increasing importance of cities as places of trade, commerce, defense, and culture is a development that parallels the rise of Gothic architecture in Europe. A part of the rise of the city reflects the growing significance of building and environments that are not tied to the church or to religious institutions but instead serv This course aims to introduce the growing importance of cultural heritage and historic preservation. Following a historical and comparative perspective the course seeks to go beyond the Euro-American understanding of architectural heritage which is still very muc This lecture introduces both the notion and the dynamics of heritage as a global movement.
For this the lecture focuses on three different forces: The aim of this lecture is to explore the emergence of preservation and conservation as public policy activities in Europe. Following the argument that preservation is a modern undertaking, it shows how preservation practices emerged from both the political and the industrial revolution.
The lecture is divided in five parts. The first part introduces the topic by questioning the universality of preservation. The second part discusses the interest in documenting antiquity i It is organized into three parts: The second part addresses responses to WWI in terms that addressed issues related to technology and functionality in the realm of architecture and preservation.
The first part explains the background of the convention. The second part explains how the convention actually works. The third part addresses the challenges the World Heritage Convention is facing. This lecture discusses the tensions and frictions that arise when heritage infringes upon the life of those living in and with heritage sites. At the center stands the conflict between object-focused experts and the national government issuing the laws regulating preservation, and the local communities where preservation is enacted.
In other words, as much as heritage can be a matter of national pride it can also be a source of conflict over ownership. Once again the ques This lecture will address issues surrounding architectural materiality, and the way in which materiality is factored in into strategies of architectural preservation that are filtered through memory. Many of these themes also again access the rather ambiguous concept of authenticity, particularly with regards to the role that the proceedings of the Nara Conference played in highlighting the necessity of The lecture focuses on the different forms, types and value criteria when discussing heritage and preservation.
Since heritage is a heterogeneous concept, it is not surprising that the notion of value in heritage This lecture looks at the relationship between heritage and property on a national, global and local level. In doing so, it seeks to explore the relationship between heritage and the power of control. Ownership of heritage gives the right to control access to places, as well as and the information people are allowed to know once they are at a particular site. We will look into several key concepts and ideas including repatriation, the right to preserve a particular version This lecture will address issues surrounding architectural mimicry, and the roles this approach to structural form plays in reimagining heritage, tradition, and authenticity.
Two case studies will be able to address several themes, including memory, authenticity, and preservation. Vikramaditya Prakash , Deepthi Bathala. By the 17th century, the Eurasian world from Japan to Western Europe was a contiguous economic power bloc connected by well-established cross-country and coastal trade. From one end to the other, wealth and ideas traveled in the baggage or minds of traders, migrants, and armies.
This was the Old-World order that was now increasingly undermined by the newly arising and more efficient ocean trade. Eventually by the 19th century, the advantages of the ocean routes, the unprec By the early 18th century, the Eurasian Power Bloc became increasingly marginal to the new maritime port economy that was set up and controlled by Western European colonial powers. This maritime colonial project was a global phenomenon intrinsically linked with the institutionalization of race-based slavery.
At the foundation of this global system were sites of fortified enclosure and of labor. Both the fort and the plantation greatly transformed the social, cultural, and The time cut is a watershed moment in terms of the advent of modernity. This lecture discusses the world in the midst of a radical transformation that was deeply connected to social and industrial revolutions. In particular, this lecture discusses the impact of the American and French revolutions on Enlightenment ideas, resulting in the first set of dem The fallout of World War I permanently cleared out all vestiges of the pre-industrial, pre-colonial world and ultimately even spelled the death of th In colonial historiography, architecture in South Asia is stylistically classified as Neoclassical, Gothic, and Indo-Saracenic.
The debates on style in South Asia were closely tied to the nationalistic battles between proponents of the Neoclassical and Gothic styles in Britain. The cultural and artistic traditions that developed around the shores of the Mediterranean have traditionally been studied as autonomous developments. When exchanges or borrowing were acknowledged, they usually focused on the influence that European motifs had on the Eastern Mediterranean, starting in the eighteenth century.
The aim of this project is to focus on preceding centuries, illuminating the rich web of cultural, artistic and especially architectural exchanges tha This lecture poses our fundamental historiographical question: By surveying some of the ma Pendentive domes—or domes with a circular plan used as vaulting for a square hall—emerged in Byzantine architecture. That well known fact has not, however, been explained. This lecture offers an explanation for the elaboration of pendentives as the result of the encounter of two different architectural practices concerning domes: Roman builders made the footprint of vaulting match the footprint of the room or structure that This lecture presents early Islamic, or Umayyad, Architecture and its relationship to Late Antiquity.
It examines the sequence of well-known Umayyad monuments, which appear to have engaged in a vibrant referencing process that treated Antiquity as a heritage to appropriate, build upon, or, sometimes, to deconstruct. In that it did not differ much from Latin Europe and Byzantium, both of which looked to the classical heritage as theirs through the lens of Christianity.
The medieval monuments of the Armenian high plateau, at the crossroads of Europe and Asia, are typically ignored in histories of art and architecture. Yet they are abundant, sophisticated in design and decoration, and bear inscriptions of historical importance. This lecture will introduce the architecture of medieval Armenia, demonstrating the importance of Armenian monuments for an understanding of the seventh century, when the Armenian plateau was at the center and not The Great Mosque of Cordoba, founded around and expanded in the latter half of the tenth century, is one of the most striking monuments of world architecture.
The red and white arches that distinguish its prayer hall and portals, its interior support system of double arcades, polylobed arched screens, and its gold mosaics and ribbed domes are iconic. Yet, while this monument is undoubtedly innovative, details of its construction and decoration also illustrate how medie Christian Europe expected the world to end in the year When that fateful year passed, a century and a half of church building with attendant sculpture and painting followed, on a scale and of sophistication not seen since the fall of the Roman Empire.
The lecture offers a study of constructions of global activity and the aesthetics and politics of the built environment within or in response to armed conflict, such as: Entitled as the Peripheries of Contact - Beyond Geographies and Historical Flatland, this course examines the dynamic peripheries of a cultural region area - a global region loosely defined not only by its ethno-linguistic character, but more importantly, by its inherently intertwined environment and culture. Given that cultural regions have adjoined each other, often connecting and sharing the same periphery or peripheries , these cultural regions are also viewed as Sahar Hosseini , Manu P.
Sobti , Kateryna Malaia. This first lecture introduces the broad theme of Peripheries of Contact - Beyond Geographies and Historical Flatland, questioning how this theme be conceptually examined. It proposes four ways to visualize cultural histories, in particular the histories of architectural and urban 'making and un-making': In looking at the architecture of the Persianate world with respect to its peripheries, this lecture starts by defining the term 'Persianate', and the complex cultural context of what actually comprised the Persianate world?
Why could this 'condition' be better described as'a world of many Worlds? This second lecture on the Persianate World introduces four space-time moments that were critical to the intertwined histories of this region. On this particular front, the arrival of Islam as a new religion in this land was perhaps as important as the inter-mixing of nomadic and sedentary cultures. Within the Persianate world, the arrival of Islam is followed by transition and change, and later its deep assimilation within local beliefs.
Meanwhile, the cultural inter The first Slavic lecture introduces the origins, name, geographies and the versatility of the historic Slavs. It discusses how in Western historiography the Slavs are traditionally presented as peripheral to the development of the Western Europe. The second Slavic lecture proceeds to illustrate the architectural consequences of the complex center-periphery relationships throughout pre-modern and early modern periods in Slavic history.
How these inventive idioms actually become inherited traits of architecture across generation The second lecture on the Indian Subcontinent examines the four space-time moments that serve to frame the histories of region's thick and mercurial peripheries, particularly in the northwest and north, often conjoining with aspects of geography and topography to produce unique conditions. India's 'landed' peripheries appear to have behaved rather differently versus its hydro edges - an observation that accounts for the pronounced 'incoming' interactions from mountainous v This lecture suggests how Nomadic Eurasia must be viewed as Spatial interregnum or Cultural Matrix, versus as a conventional region.
All of these moments were catalyzed by the mass movements of populations across this 'unbroken' land ed terrain, stretching substantially east-west and north-south. That nomads—often viewed as peoples with no permanent artifacts and iconographic imageries—were able to 'carry' and 'transfer' cultura This three-part lecture covers the history and context of Petra, a site in Jordan. It was one of several sites that were created by the Nabateans, who came to dominate the area of west Jordan and the Sinai between the 3rd century BCE and the 4rd century CE.
Originally a nomadic Arabian tribe, they settled into the region to control and stabilize the trade routes between Africa and India to the south and the Hellenized and Roman world to the north. They managed to control t These lectures cover the history and context of Petra, a site in Jordan. It was one of several sites that were created by the Nabateans, who came to dominate the area of west Jordan and the Sinai between the the 3rd century BCE and the 4rd century CE.
The managed to control land i Earth is 70 percent water, but only 2. And, two-thirds of this minuscule amount of fresh water is inaccessible— locked away in ice caps, glaciers, and rocky underground aquifers. Even though this hydro-ecological view of the planet is a modern one, it should, nonetheless, paint a broader historical picture of how both access to and management of wat This lecture module examines the role of two rivers—the Euphrates and the Tigris—in shaping both the Mesopotamian perceptions of water and hydraulic infrastructures that made Mesopotamia a thriving river-valley civilization.
The rivers unite at This lecture examines how the Nile laid the sociocultural, political, and economic foundations of the Egyptian civilization. They called it Hapi, a god in human form.
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As recorded by the Greek historian Herodotus, the Egyptian priests consider The shift from a subsistence economy based on hunting and gathering to one based on food production by cultivating plants and domesticating animals and water is a watershed in human history. The shift to an agriculture-based economy, and the complex systems of water management that it warranted, transpired only in a few independent centers around the world. One such center was Peru, where advanced settlements and agro-pastoral activities flourished as early as BCE. The Indus Valley civilization also known as the Harappan civilization or Indus-Saraswati civilization was virtually unknown until , when excavations in the Indian Subcontinent revealed the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro.
Archaeology demonstrates that these cities were highly urbanized, served by sophisticated water-management infrastructures. This lecture module explores different philosophical and engineering approaches to early Chinese water management systems and how they related to various political contexts and dynastic rules. Focusing on Varanasi, the most sacred Hindu pilgrimage city on the bank of the Ganges, this lecture module demonstrates how a particular land-water confluence creates a sacrosanct urban center.
Hindus come to Varanasi to worship the Ganges water, perform funeral rites, and attain moksha or nirvana. In many ways, hydraulic engineering in Greek mainland and islands were different than those in Mesopotamia and Egypt. Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations predominantly relied on the exploitation of the discharge of large rivers i. This lecture modules examines how the strategic and economic rise of the Nabataean city of Petra—located at the crucial intersection of trade routes, connecting the Mediterranean world, Arabia, Africa, and the Far East—also provided the impetus to develop sophisticated hydraulic systems to sustain a burgeoning urban population and various water needs.
Most of the year it is hot and dry, with rainfall generally concentrated in brief periods during short winters.
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Southeast Asia is unique in the world because of the intersection of environmental, geologically and geographic realities. Geologically, it possessed gold, gems and diamonds and geographically, located between Indian and China, it could supply these luxury goods to eager markets. The people who lived there were, in one way or another, forest-based ani Mark Jarzombek , Robert Cowherd. This lecture introduces the general principles of the process known as Indianization, which begins more or less around CE and continues for the next centuries as palace elites establish themselves across southeast Asia.
This lecture introduces Buddhism in general, then follows it to Sri Lanka where it became a state religion in the 3rd century BCE. While Buddhism began to disappear in India, it flourished in Sri Lanka where its new elites created Anuradhapura into a major Buddhist ritual center. The new India-derived elites were drawn to Sri Lanka for obvious reasons. It was rich in pearls and rubies, that were mined in forest streams - basically a place of easy wealth.
This lecture exposes the student an issue important to the SE Asia worldview, Animism. Both religions had to adjust and accommodate. In India, Animism had already morphed in Hinduism, even though there They became fabulously wealthy based on trade along the Malacca Straits. To attract and accommodate both Buddhist and Hindu devotees they built a host of temples for both religions. They also created a unique system of intensifying the sacredness of the landscape by the introduction of small free-standing temples known as the Candy.
This lecture discusses the design features and innovations of Prambanan and Sewu both of these very complex buildings from a theological and functional point of view. Both are further examples of the thematics of the mandala which is blended with the imaginary of a holy mountain. Both also have complex theological meanings that even today are not fully understood.
The lecture also discusses what is now missing in much of the experiences of these places, the dance ceremonia This lecture starts with a look at the larger role of SE Asia in the world economy. The drying out of Inner Asia and its depopulation meant the end of the Silk Route tradition. The energy moved to the south, to India and thus to SE Asia.
This was one of the main contributing factors for while SE Asia prospered so much between and , but in particular after the 9th century. This lecture introduces the Khmer and their capital Angkor. It was a bold experiment in hydro This lecture is Part 2 of the Angkor story. It focuses first on the economic positioning of the Angkor, a story that is rarely told. The problem for Angkor was that it was founded in a forest, not along the shore as most other SE Asian Palace economies. The problem was how to get their rice to market.
Their purpose was to produce a rice surplus economy. But the problem they were not close to the trade routes. To their advantage was the fact that the Chinese were in trouble This lecture helps round out the general story of prosperity that marked southeast Asia between and about The lecture looks at the Champa and Pagan, the two cultures that flanked the Khmer. All of them were hugely successful in the regional trade business. Champa were not major rice growers.
Their wealth came from coastal luxury trade to China. The same was true for Pagan, except that they controlled the over-land route to Dali and then to China. Both of these c This lecture covers the longhouse cultures of Borneo.