D photoperiod; b, experimental birds were photoadvanced 1 hour each day to induce migratory disposition; c, experimental birds were at a D and control birds were at a D photoperiod; d, experimental period. On 30 March , after experimental birds had exhibited an increase in zugunruhe Fig. The higher titer used here was to ensure we would have infectious birds for the experiment yet still reflect what a mosquito could transmit The species differed in their response to the viral infection.
Catbird nighttime activity did not differ between the three periods for the treatment group preinoculation, Birds are an important reservoir of WNV, as the virus replicates to high titers in several bird species Figure 1B; Komar et al. Additionally, the migration of bird populations aids in the distribution of WNV beyond the range of mosquitoes Reed et al. A Comparison of Insects, Birds, and Mammals.
The introduction of WNV in Cuba is unknown [8]. Given the speculation that WNV may be spread by migrating birds, and later the demonstration that migrating passerine birds are potential dispersal vehicles for WNV [25] it is assumed, taking into account our results and the birds species involved, that the virus was introduced in the country by this way.
Night Time, Dotted Line - Joseph Souza
Searching for West Nile Virus in Cuba. In some cases, migratory animals may act as hosts or vectors that spread pathogens Altizer et al. For example, migratory birds are thought to be dispersal agents for avian influenza Lycett et al. However, migratory animals may also experience lower infection risk due to migration if movements away from contaminated habitats decrease parasite transmission Folstad et al. Get thee, a paper map! Do NOT , follow electronic maps in this area!
Tell us your trip plan before we embarrass you or get you more confused.
And please abandon google maps. People put their lives in danger when they rely on Google. The dotted lines are hiking trails. That's the most direct route other than a day walk. That should route around to the east on 89A and south on 89 towards Cameron Trading Post and highway 64 to the Grand Canyon. Please, for your personal safety and,proper routing, obtain a printed road map of the region to use with GoogleMaps. It is mile drive from North to South rim. Not sure what you mean by GK.
GK is most likely Grand K Canyon. While Googlemaps default route can sometimes not be the best, it's no reason to abandon it. You can set you own routes by dragging the route it recommends to other routes. You can also get a route by clicking on the directions arrow and entering towns or locations you want to go from or from.
- Night Time, Dotted Line (Paperback).
- Insights Magazine - Laura Pedro.
- Navigation menu.
- What means the grey dotted line in Google Maps? - Grand Canyon National Park Forum;
- Third Evil (Fear Street Cheerleaders).
- Nine-Dash Line;
- Writing is a dream. Never wake up..
To get the best use out of it, examine the map. Locate your starting point and locate your ending point.
Hotels travelers are raving about...
Then look at a logical route from point A to point B. If you let Googlemaps select the route, adjust it accordingly by dragging the route or using towns as midpoints. FMCarvalho, Google maps assumes people know more about locations and routes than they often do. In this case, it's assuming you want to go to the north rim because that's closer to Bryce than the south rim is. I don't know why it's assuming you want to hike down, across, and back up the canyon rather than driving around to the south, but apparently it is.
Rather than starting out relying on Google or any online map program , I'd suggest you first spend some time reading the official park website. That will give you enough of an understanding of the park to know what actual, specific places you need to map. After read your suggestions I abandoned my initial idea of visiting both rims north and south of GC. I will just limit to the north rim. I will land at Las Vegas night and return from San Francisco morning.
I know that I would need much more time to enjoy all goods from these regions. But I will have to make my best to take the maximum from 9 days. Initially I was thinking to drive in GC from north to south, but now I understood that I have not enough time. So, in my first day after landing at Vegas at night I will drive directly in Zion direction and sleep at Saint George.
Navigation
Thus, I will have the next day to explore Zion. Then I plan to arrive at Bryce at sunset and sleep there and explore the park on next day. Next I will drive to GC north rim where I plan to arrive again on sunset. Sleep at Vegas and by the morning drive in Yosemite direction. I would like to go in Lee Vining direction and enter via Tioga Pass.
I am not sure if it would be possible. I am following this guide: