The missiles, designed to deliver nuclear warheads, were capable of hitting targets anywhere in the United States or Canada.
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Kennedy and his advisors secretly discussed what to do about this unexpected threat for a week. After rejecting calls from his military to launch air strikes against the missile sites, Kennedy mounted an immediate naval blockade of Cuba. He announced the crisis, and the blockade, in a televised address to the American public on 22 October, threatening further action if the missile sites were not dismantled.
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The two leaders did not get along well at the best of times. On the phone with Kennedy, Diefenbaker was sceptical about the Soviet Union's intentions.
NORAD and the Soviet Nuclear Threat
He asked to see further proof of what was taking place on the ground in Cuba. Diefenbaker urged Kennedy to send a team of United Nations inspectors to Cuba to verify what the Soviets were doing there. Not only did he dislike Kennedy, he was angry that the U. The Canadian government was also concerned that placing its military on alert might provoke the Soviet Union. Harkness argued that the nature of the crisis, combined with existing international defence arrangements, made the alert necessary Canada was a member, along with the U.
About half of Canada's ministers remained undecided on the issue.
Canadian ships and aircraft also participated in patrols at this time to locate Soviet submarines in the North Atlantic. Canada's hesitant response reflected in part the desire of the government to preserve the independence of Canadian foreign policy, and to maintain a balanced posture in crisis conditions.
The delay, however, was widely criticized in Canada, and contributed to a growing perception of indecisiveness in the Diefenbaker government.
Norad and the Soviet Nuclear Threat
Wilson, this history is well researched and a fascinating read. Anyone who lived through the days of the Cold War remembers when your desk at school was more than just a thing to write on—it was also your protection should there ever be a nuclear attack on Canada. Yes, we really did believe that at the time. Wilson takes us through the incredible complexities of two countries trying to agree on their mutual defence.
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Although you would think that in a time of world turmoil, this would be pretty much a simple enough task, it was far from that. NORAD, the North American Air Defence Command—before it was renamed to the more modern North American Aerospace Defense Command—finally materialized as a shining example of co-operation between not only two countries, but all the combinations of governments in power through the past decades.
The book culminates in a detailed story of an exercise that took place on 10 May , called Amalgam Mute.
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