In January , Obama became chairman of the Illinois Senate's Health and Human Services Committee when Democrats, after a decade in the minority, regained a majority. Senate, police representatives credited Obama for his active engagement with police organizations in enacting death penalty reforms. In May , Obama commissioned a poll to assess his prospects in a U. He created a campaign committee, began raising funds, and lined up political media consultant David Axelrod by August Obama formally announced his candidacy in January Obama was an early opponent of the George W.
Bush administration's invasion of Iraq. Decisions by Republican incumbent Peter Fitzgerald and his Democratic predecessor Carol Moseley Braun to not participate in the election resulted in wide-open Democratic and Republican primary contests involving 15 candidates. His speech was well received and elevated his status within the Democratic Party. Obama's expected opponent in the general election, Republican primary winner Jack Ryan , withdrew from the race in June Obama was sworn in as a senator on January 3, , [] becoming the only Senate member of the Congressional Black Caucus.
Obama announced on November 13, , that he would resign his Senate seat on November 16, , before the start of the lame-duck session, to focus on his transition period for the presidency. Obama sponsored legislation that would have required nuclear plant owners to notify state and local authorities of radioactive leaks, but the bill failed to pass in the full Senate after being heavily modified in committee.
In December , President Bush signed into law the Democratic Republic of the Congo Relief, Security, and Democracy Promotion Act, marking the first federal legislation to be enacted with Obama as its primary sponsor. Later in , Obama sponsored an amendment to the Defense Authorization Act to add safeguards for personality-disorder military discharges. He met with Mahmoud Abbas before Abbas became President of the Palestinian National Authority , and gave a speech at the University of Nairobi in which he condemned corruption within the Kenyan government.
Numerous candidates entered the Democratic Party presidential primaries. The field narrowed to a duel between Obama and Senator Hillary Clinton after early contests, with the race remaining close throughout the primary process but with Obama gaining a steady lead in pledged delegates due to better long-range planning, superior fundraising, dominant organizing in caucus states, and better exploitation of delegate allocation rules. During both the primary process and the general election, Obama's campaign set numerous fundraising records, particularly in the quantity of small donations. John McCain was nominated as the Republican candidate, and he selected Sarah Palin as his running mate.
The two candidates engaged in three presidential debates in September and October On April 4, , Obama announced his reelection campaign for in a video titled "It Begins with Us" that he posted on his website and filed election papers with the Federal Election Commission. On November 6, , Obama won electoral votes , exceeding the required for him to be reelected as president.
Roosevelt to win the majority of the popular vote twice. You elected us to focus on your jobs, not ours. And in the coming weeks and months, I am looking forward to reaching out and working with leaders of both parties. The inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th President took place on January 20, In his first few days in office, Obama issued executive orders and presidential memoranda directing the U.
Bush 's restoration of President Ronald Reagan 's Mexico City Policy prohibiting federal aid to international family planning organizations that perform or provide counseling about abortion. The first bill signed into law by Obama was the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of , relaxing the statute of limitations for equal-pay lawsuits.
Obama appointed two women to serve on the Supreme Court in the first two years of his Presidency. She was confirmed on August 5, , bringing the number of women sitting simultaneously on the Court to three justices for the first time in American history. On March 30, , Obama signed the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act , a reconciliation bill that ended the process of the federal government giving subsidies to private banks to give out federally insured loans, increased the Pell Grant scholarship award, and made changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
He ended plans for a return of human spaceflight to the moon and development of the Ares I rocket, Ares V rocket and Constellation program , in favor of funding Earth science projects, a new rocket type, and research and development for an eventual manned mission to Mars, and ongoing missions to the International Space Station. President Obama's State of the Union Address focused on themes of education and innovation, stressing the importance of innovation economics to make the United States more competitive globally.
He spoke of a five-year freeze in domestic spending, eliminating tax breaks for oil companies and reversing tax cuts for the wealthiest Americans, banning congressional earmarks , and reducing healthcare costs. Hate Crimes Prevention Act , a measure that expanded the United States federal hate-crime law to include crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability. On December 22, , Obama signed the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act of , which fulfilled a key promise made in the presidential campaign [] [] to end the Don't ask, don't tell policy of that had prevented gay and lesbian people from serving openly in the United States Armed Forces.
As a candidate for the Illinois state senate in , Obama had said that he favored legalizing same-sex marriage. I am not in favor of gay marriage. During his second inaugural address on January 21, , [] Obama became the first U. President in office to call for full equality for gay Americans: In , the Obama Administration filed briefs that urged the Supreme Court to rule in favor of same-sex couples in the cases of Hollingsworth v. Perry regarding same-sex marriage [] and United States v.
Windsor regarding the Defense of Marriage Act. Hodges ruling same-sex marriage to be a fundamental right , Obama asserted that, "This decision affirms what millions of Americans already believe in their hearts: When all Americans are treated as equal we are all more free. On March 11, , Obama created the White House Council on Women and Girls , which formed part of the Office of Intergovernmental Affairs , having been established by Executive Order with a broad mandate to advise him on issues relating to the welfare of American women and girls.
Obama intervened in the troubled automotive industry [] in March , renewing loans for General Motors and Chrysler to continue operations while reorganizing. Over the following months the White House set terms for both firms' bankruptcies, including the sale of Chrysler to Italian automaker Fiat [] and a reorganization of GM giving the U.
The Bush and Obama administrations authorized spending and loan guarantees from the Federal Reserve and the Treasury Department. As it did throughout , the unemployment rate rose in , reaching a peak in October at Following a decrease to 9. Within a month of the midterm elections , Obama announced a compromise deal with the Congressional Republican leadership that included a temporary, two-year extension of the and income tax rates , a one-year payroll tax reduction, continuation of unemployment benefits, and a new rate and exemption amount for estate taxes.
In December , Obama declared that growing income inequality is a "defining challenge of our time" and called on Congress to bolster the safety net and raise wages. This came on the heels of the nationwide strikes of fast-food workers and Pope Francis ' criticism of inequality and trickle-down economics. Obama urged Congress to ratify a nation free trade pact called the Trans-Pacific Partnership. On September 30, , the Obama administration proposed new regulations on power plants, factories, and oil refineries in an attempt to limit greenhouse gas emissions and to curb global warming.
On April 20, , an explosion destroyed an offshore drilling rig at the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico , causing a major sustained oil leak. Obama visited the Gulf, announced a federal investigation, and formed a bipartisan commission to recommend new safety standards, after a review by Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar and concurrent Congressional hearings.
He then announced a six-month moratorium on new deepwater drilling permits and leases, pending regulatory review. In July , Obama expressed reservations and stated he "would reject the Keystone XL pipeline if it increased carbon pollution" or "greenhouse emissions". Obama has emphasized the conservation of federal lands during his term in office. Obama called for Congress to pass legislation reforming health care in the United States , a key campaign promise and a top legislative goal.
It would also make it illegal for insurers to drop sick people or deny them coverage for pre-existing conditions , and require every American to carry health coverage.
The plan also includes medical spending cuts and taxes on insurance companies that offer expensive plans. On July 14, , House Democratic leaders introduced a 1,page plan for overhauling the U. On November 7, , a health care bill featuring the public option was passed in the House. According to White House and CBO figures, the maximum share of income that enrollees would have to pay would vary depending on their income relative to the federal poverty level.
The costs of these provisions are offset by taxes, fees, and cost-saving measures, such as new Medicare taxes for those in high-income brackets , taxes on indoor tanning , cuts to the Medicare Advantage program in favor of traditional Medicare, and fees on medical devices and pharmaceutical companies; [] there is also a tax penalty for those who do not obtain health insurance, unless they are exempt due to low income or other reasons.
The law faced several legal challenges, primarily based on the argument that an individual mandate requiring Americans to buy health insurance was unconstitutional.
Sebelius that the mandate was constitutional under the U. Hobby Lobby the Court ruled that "closely-held" for-profit corporations could be exempt on religious grounds under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act from regulations adopted under the ACA that would have required them to pay for insurance that covered certain contraceptives. In June , the Court ruled 6—3 in King v. Burwell that subsidies to help individuals and families purchase health insurance were authorized for those doing so on both the federal exchange and state exchanges, not only those purchasing plans "established by the State", as the statute reads.
Prior to June , Obama offered substantial support for a broadly-based "All of the above" approach to domestic energy policy , which Obama has maintained since his first term and which he last confirmed at his State of the Union speech in January to a mixed reception by both parties. In June , Obama made indications that his administration would consider a shift towards an energy policy more closely tuned to the manufacturing industry and its impact on the domestic economy. On January 16, , one month after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting , Obama signed 23 executive orders and outlined a series of sweeping proposals regarding gun control.
Obama called the November 2, election , where the Democratic Party lost 63 seats in, and control of, the House of Representatives, [] "humbling" and a "shellacking". On November 10, , President Obama recommended the Federal Communications Commission reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On March 19, Obama continued his outreach to the Muslim world, releasing a New Year's video message to the people and government of Iran.
On June 26, , Obama responded to the Iranian government's actions towards protesters following Iran's presidential election by saying: We see it and we condemn it. On September 24, , Obama became the first sitting U. President to preside over a meeting of the United Nations Security Council. In March , Obama took a public stance against plans by the government of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to continue building Jewish housing projects in predominantly Arab neighborhoods of East Jerusalem.
Senate ratified it in December In December , Obama announced that he intended to normalize relationships between Cuba and the United States. In March , Obama declared that he had authorized U. Before leaving office, Obama said German Chancellor Angela Merkel had been his "closest international partner" throughout his tenure as president. On February 27, , Obama announced that combat operations in Iraq would end within 18 months. His remarks were made to a group of Marines preparing for deployment to Afghanistan. Obama said, "Let me say this as plainly as I can: On August 19, , the last U.
Remaining troops transitioned from combat operations to counter-terrorism and the training, equipping, and advising of Iraqi security forces. ISIS continued to gain ground and to commit widespread massacres and ethnic cleansing. In August , during the Sinjar massacre , Obama ordered a campaign of U. By the end of , 3, American ground troops were committed to the conflict [] and 16, sorties were flown over the battlefield, primarily by U.
Air Force and Navy pilots. In early , with the addition of the "Panther Brigade" of the 82nd Airborne Division the number of U. Early in his presidency, Obama moved to bolster U. McKiernan , with former Special Forces commander Lt. McChrystal in May , indicating that McChrystal's Special Forces experience would facilitate the use of counterinsurgency tactics in the war. In October , the White House announced a plan to keep U. Forces in Afghanistan indefinitely in light of the deteriorating security situation.
In , the United States vetoed a Security Council resolution condemning Israeli settlements , with the United States being the only nation to do so. In , Jeffrey Goldberg reported that, in Obama's view, "with each new settlement announcement, Netanyahu is moving his country down a path toward near-total isolation. He said that both movements seek to bring justice and equal rights to historically persecuted peoples. He explained, "To me, being pro-Israel and pro-Jewish is part and parcel with the values that I've been fighting for since I was politically conscious and started getting involved in politics.
They soon turned violent. In March, as forces loyal to Gaddafi advanced on rebels across Libya, calls for a no-fly zone came from around the world, including Europe, the Arab League , and a resolution [] passed unanimously by the U. The next day, on Obama's orders, the U. On August 18, , several months after the start of the Syrian Civil War , Obama issued a written statement that said: In the wake of a chemical weapons attack in Syria, formally blamed by the Obama administration on the Assad government, Obama chose not to enforce the "red line" he had pledged [] and, rather than authorize the promised military action against Assad, went along with the Russia-brokered deal that led to Assad giving up chemical weapons ; however attacks with chlorine gas continued.
Starting with information received from Central Intelligence Agency operatives in July , the CIA developed intelligence over the next several months that determined what they believed to be the hideout of Osama bin Laden. In November , the Obama administration opened negotiations with Iran to prevent it from acquiring nuclear weapons , which included an interim agreement.
Negotiations took two years with numerous delays, with a deal being announced July 14, The deal, titled the " Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action ", saw the removal of sanctions in exchange for measures that would prevent Iran from producing nuclear weapons. While Obama hailed the agreement as being a step towards a more hopeful world, the deal drew strong criticism from Republican and conservative quarters, and from Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu.
Since the spring of , secret meetings were conducted between the United States and Cuba in the neutral locations of Canada and Vatican City. Obama visited Havana, Cuba for two days in March , becoming the first sitting U. President to arrive since Calvin Coolidge in He gave a speech encouraging the world to increase economic ties via investments and trade with the continent, and lauded the progresses made in education , infrastructure, and economy.
He also criticized the lack of democracy and leaders who refuse to step aside, discrimination against minorities LGBT people, religious groups and ethnicities , and corruption. He suggested an intensified democratization and free trade, to significantly improve the quality of life for Africans. After Russia's invasion of Crimea in , military intervention in Syria in , and the interference in the U. Obama's family history, upbringing, and Ivy League education differ markedly from those of African-American politicians who launched their careers in the s through participation in the civil rights movement.
Obama is frequently referred to as an exceptional orator. This bounce lasted until around June , when his approval numbers dropped back to where they were previously. Polls showed strong support for Obama in other countries both before and during his presidency. This was only the fifth occurrence since the start of the 20th century of a head of state being extended this invitation, following Charles de Gaulle in , Nelson Mandela in , Queen Elizabeth II in and Pope Benedict XVI in On October 9, , the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that Obama had won the Nobel Peace Prize "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples".
Barack Obama's presidency ended at noon on January 20, , immediately following the inauguration of his Republican successor, Donald Trump. On March 2, , the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum awarded the annual Profile in Courage Award to Obama "for his enduring commitment to democratic ideals and elevating the standard of political courage. The seminar was aimed at the engagement with a new generation as well as an appeal for their participation in politics. While in Berlin on May 25, Obama made a joint public appearance with Chancellor Angela Merkel where he stressed inclusion and for leaders to question themselves, Obama having been formally invited to Berlin while still in office as part of an effort to boost Merkel's re-election campaign.
Barack and Michelle Obama signed a deal on May 22 to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obama's newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions. On the deal, Michelle said "I have always believed in the power of storytelling to inspire us, to make us think differently about the world around us, and to help us open our minds and hearts to others". After President Trump announced his withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement on June 1, Obama released a statement disagreeing with the choice: After Senate Republicans revealed the Better Care Reconciliation Act of , their discussion draft of a health care bill to replace the Affordable Care Act, on June 22, Obama released a Facebook post calling the bill "a massive transfer of wealth from middle-class and poor families to the richest people in America.
Bush , Bill Clinton , and George W. Obama hosted the inaugural summit of the Obama Foundation in Chicago on October Obama intends for the foundation to be the central focus of his post-presidency and part of his ambitions for his subsequent activities following his presidency to be more consequential than his time in office.
Obama went on an international trip from November 28 to December 2, , and visited China, India and France. In addition, he held a town hall for young leaders, organized by the Obama Foundation. A package that contained a pipe bomb was sent to Obama's home in Washington, D. C, on October 24, The package was intercepted by the Secret Service during routine mail screenings. Similar packages were sent to several other Democratic leaders, mostly those who voiced strong objections to the policies of Donald Trump and to CNN. Debbie Wasserman Schultz was addressed as the sender of the package.
On October 26, , Cesar Sayoc was arrested and faces five federal charges in Manhattan carrying a combined maximum sentence of 48 years behind bars in relation to the pipe bombs. Many commentators credit Obama with averting a threatened depression and pulling the economy back from the Great Recession. Bureau of Labor Statistics , the Obama administration created Passed as a response to the financial crisis of —08 , it brought the most significant changes to financial regulation in the United States since the regulatory reform that followed the Great Depression under Democratic President Franklin D.
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Hate Crimes Prevention Act expanded existing federal hate crime laws in the United States to apply to crimes motivated by a victim's actual or perceived gender, sexual orientation, gender identity, or disability, and dropped the prerequisite that the victim be engaging in a federally protected activity. Obama continued drone strikes against Islamist militants begun by the previous administration. In , the last year of his presidency, the US dropped 26, bombs on seven different countries. By contrast, the federal prison population increased significantly under presidents Ronald Reagan, George H.
Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Barack disambiguation and Obama disambiguation. Early life and career of Barack Obama. Family of Barack Obama. Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama. United States Senate election in Illinois, United States Senate career of Barack Obama. United States presidential election, ; Barack Obama presidential primary campaign, ; and Barack Obama presidential campaign, United States presidential election, and Barack Obama presidential campaign, Presidency of Barack Obama.
For a chronological guide to this subject, see Timeline of the Presidency of Barack Obama. First days of Barack Obama's presidency. Social policy of the Barack Obama administration. Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration.
Climate change policy of the United States. Health care reform in the United States. Energy policy of the Obama administration. Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration. Iraq War and American-led intervention in Iraq —present. War in Afghanistan —present. Death of Osama bin Laden.
AIPAC urges Obama to strengthen ties with Netanyahu | The Times of Israel
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Barack Obama
Obama, Barack October 16, Archived from the original on April 30, Obama, Barack June 28, Archived from the original on January 4, Retrieved January 4, President Responds To Questioner". Archived from the original on May 11, The Precepts of Jesus Spoke to Me ' ". Retrieved December 27, Retrieved November 10, Major Garrett, Fox News correspondent: So the first question, how long have you been a member in good standing of that church? Barack Obama D-IL , presidential candidate: You know, I've been a member since or ' As a member in good standing, were you a regular attendee of Sunday services?
You know, I won't say that I was a perfect attendee. I was regular in spurts, because there was times when, for example, our child had just been born, our first child. And so we didn't go as regularly then. Miller, Lisa July 11, Archived from the original on July 20, In late October , his third year as an organizer, Obama went with Kellman to a conference on the black church and social justice at the Harvard Divinity School. Maraniss , p. It would take time for Obama to join and become fully engaged in Wright's church, a place where he would be baptized and married; that would not happen until later, during his second time around in Chicago, but the process started then, in October The Call of History.
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Hundley, Tom March 22, University of Chicago Law School. Archived from the original on June 8, Retrieved June 5, Miller, Joe March 28, Holan, Angie Drobnic March 7, Illinois Secretary of State. Jarrett, Vernon August 11, Reynolds, Gretchen January Anderson, Veronica October 3, Bank — Civil Rights Litigation Clearinghouse". Retrieved July 16, Retrieved February 14, That is a sign. The White House press office and a Treasury spokesman denied that Mnuchin is straying from his robust Treasury portfolio or has tension with any other Cabinet members, Kelly or other senior staffmembers.
These anonymous sources are ridiculous. A White House official added: McMaster wishes Secretary Mnuchin was in more meetings. He sees him as a force for good. Mnuchin has a long to-do list at Treasury to keep him busy, post-tax reform: But administration officials described a challenging and often frosty dynamic between Mnuchin and his Treasury lieutenants and West Wing staff working on economic issues.
Several officials also said that while Mnuchin can be charming and solicitous of others when in the Oval Office with Trump, he can be cold and condescending to other staff and resistant to alternate viewpoints. An official close to Mnuchin insisted that he has a friendly working relationship with people throughout the administration.
Other White Houses have seen policy tension and turf battles between the National Economic Council, headquartered in the West Wing, and Treasury Department staff working next door. An official said the NEC and Treasury maintain a strong relationship, best evidenced by the way the two groups worked together to pass tax reform. Some career staffers at Treasury felt disappointed that, as the tax bill progressed, much of that work moved over to the Hill.
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For months, Mnuchin also promised that Treasury would deliver an analysis of the deficit and the tax bill — only later to offer up a one-page document, short on specifics. Critics found the document laughable because Treasury historically employs dozens of economists in its Office of Tax Analysis, careerists capable of producing much more rigorous and sophisticated work.