How many really sped to Albuquerque after watching Breaking Bad? However, when it comes to Game of Thrones, so enthralling is the fantasy world, so dramatic are the landscapes, and so die-hard the devotees, that claims by tourist boards about surges in visitors are entirely believable. The show has been cited as a key factor behind the remarkable growth in annual visitors to Iceland, for example, from , in , the year it premiered, to more than 1 million in Almost as alluring as the on-screen locations is the fact that they are all within easy reach for British viewers, with Moroccan desert city of Ouarzazate the farthest flung.
Here are some of the key stops for a Game of Thrones locations tour. While Dubrovnik has now well and truly seized the role of King's Landing, it was always thus. In season one, producers settled with the fortress city of Mdina in Malta never mind the fact that it's miles from the sea. Scotland can consider what might have been - Doune Castle was used for the pilot episode but never returned. Instead, filmmakers set up shop at locations across Northern Ireland and in Belfast's Titanic Studios. Those frozen wastes beyond are all about Iceland.
Ballintoy, also in Northern Ireland, is transformed into the capital, Pyke. Other scenes are shot nearby.
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Filmmakers made do with Northern Ireland the rest of the time. Warmer locations were required for this corner of Essos. We've not seen much of it since Khal Drogo met his maker, but is certain to change in season six. Bardenas Reales is one of the most notable new locations - read more about it here. We've not seen all of the nine free cities, but an array of locations portrayed those we have Pentos, Volantis and Braavos. There are recognisable locations galore in the heart of the crowded Old City, including St Dominika Street, used for numerous market scenes, Stradun, along which Cersei Lannister takes her walk of penance, Minceta Tower, the highest point in Dubrovnik, and Fort St.
Galbraith , stated that genocide was occurring. The telegram cited "constant and indiscriminate shelling and gunfire" of Sarajevo by Karadzic's Yugoslav People Army; the harassment of minority groups in Northern Bosnia "in an attempt to force them to leave"; and the use of detainees "to do dangerous work on the front lines" as evidence that genocide was being committed. The court concluded the crimes committed during the — war, may amount to crimes against humanity according to the international law, but that these acts did not, in themselves, constitute genocide per se.
An estimated 12,—20, women were raped , most of them Bosniak. Women and girls were kept in various detention centres where they had to live in intolerably unhygienic conditions and were mistreated in many ways including being repeatedly raped. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ICTY was established in as a body of the UN to prosecute war crimes committed during the wars in the former Yugoslavia, and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal is an ad hoc court which is located in The Hague , the Netherlands.
According to legal experts, as of early , 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks were convicted of war crimes by the ICTY in connection with the Balkan wars of the s. The tribunal also convicted five other war time leaders of the joint trial: Genocide at Srebrenica is the most serious war crime that any Serbs were convicted of.
Crimes against humanity, a charge second in gravity only to genocide, is the most serious war crime that any Croats were convicted of. Breaches of the Geneva Conventions is the most serious war crime that Bosniaks were convicted of. On 31 March , the Serbian parliament adopted a declaration "condemning in strongest terms the crime committed in July against Bosniak population of Srebrenica" and apologizing to the families of the victims, the first of its kind in the region.
In the past, only human rights groups and non-nationalistic parties had supported such a measure.
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Due to the involvement of Croatia and Serbia , there has been a long-standing debate as to whether the conflict was a civil war or a war of aggression on Bosnia by neighbouring states. Academics Steven Burg and Paul Shoup argue that:. From the outset, the nature of the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina was subject to conflicting interpretations.
These were rooted not only in objective facts on the ground, but in the political interests of those articulating them. On the one hand, the war could be viewed as "a clear-cut case of civil war — that is, of internal war among groups unable to agree on arrangements for sharing power".
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David Campbell is critical of narratives about "civil war", which he argues often involve what he terms "moral levelling", in which all sides are "said to be equally guilty of atrocities", and "emphasise credible Serb fears as a rationale for their actions". Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats enjoyed substantial political and military backing from Serbia and Croatia, and the decision to grant Bosnia diplomatic recognition also had implications for the international interpretation of the conflict. As Burg and Shoup state:.
From the perspective of international diplomacy and law With respect to Serbia, the further case could be made that the Bosnian Serb army was under the de facto command of the Yugoslav army and was therefore an instrument of external aggression. With respect to Croatia, regular Croatian army forces violated the territorial integrity of Bosnia-Herzegovina, lending further evidence in support of the view that this was a case of aggression.
Sumantra Bose , meanwhile, argues that it is possible to characterise the Bosnian War as a civil war, without necessarily agreeing with the narrative of Serb and Croat nationalists. He states that while "all episodes of severe violence have been sparked by 'external' events and forces, local society too has been deeply implicated in that violence" and therefore argues that "it makes relatively more sense to regard the —95 conflict in Bosnia as a 'civil war' — albeit obviously with a vital dimension that is territorially external to Bosnia".
Hence, even after 19 May the armed conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina between the Bosnian Serbs and the central authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina must be classified as an international armed conflict.
Siege of Sarajevo
In his decision, he characterised the Bosnian War to have been an international armed conflict as Bosnia had declared independence on 3 March Academic Mary Kaldor argues that the Bosnian War is an example of what she terms new wars , which are neither civil nor inter-state, but rather combine elements of both. In the Land of Blood and Honey , is a American film written, produced and directed by Angelina Jolie ; the film was Jolie's directorial debut and it depicts a love story set against the mass rape of Muslim women in the Bosnian War.
It tells the story of a mother who brings her teenage son to Sarajevo, where his father died in the Bosnian conflict years ago. British films include Welcome to Sarajevo , about the life of Sarajevans during the siege. The Polish film Demons of War , set during the Bosnian conflict, portrays a Polish group of IFOR soldiers who come to help a pair of journalists tracked by a local warlord whose crimes they had taped. The Bosnian film Grbavica , about the life of a single mother in contemporary Sarajevo in the aftermath of systematic rape of Bosniak women by Serbian troops during the war, won the Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival.
It premiered at the 32nd International Film Festival Rotterdam. The Serbian film Life Is a Miracle , produced by Emir Kusturica , depicts the romance of a pacific Serb station caretaker and a Muslim Bosniak young woman entrusted to him as a hostage in the context of Bosniak-Serb border clashes; it was nominated at the Cannes Festival.
Short films such as In the Name of the Son , about a father who murders his son during the Bosnian War, and 10 Minutes , which contrasts 10 minutes of life of a Japanese tourist in Rome with a Bosnian family during the war, received acclaim for their depiction of the war. A number of Western films made the Bosnian conflict the background of their stories — some of those include Avenger , based on Frederick Forsyth's novel in which a mercenary tracks down a Serbian warlord responsible for war crimes, and The Peacemaker , in which a Yugoslav man emotionally devastated by the losses of war plots to take revenge on the United Nations by exploding a nuclear bomb in New York.
The Whistleblower tells the true story of Kathryn Bolkovac , a UN peacekeeper that uncovered a human-trafficking scandal involving the United Nations in post-war Bosnia. Many of the war's events were depicted in the Pakistani drama series, Alpha Bravo Charlie , written and directed by Shoaib Mansoor in The BBC documentary series, The Death of Yugoslavia , covers the collapse of Yugoslavia from the roots of the conflict in the s, to the subsequent wars and peace accords, a BBC book was issued with the same title.
Portuguese director Joaquim Sapinho 's documental film diary Bosnia Diaries , generated much controversy, being an unengaged European look over the Bosnian conflict in the first person. Watchers of the Sky is a documentary about the life of Raphael Lemkin and his efforts to establish genocide as a legal concept in international law.
Because of the diary, she is sometimes referred to as "The Anne Frank of Sarajevo". The Bosnia List by Kenan Trebincevic and Susan Shapiro chronicles the war through the eyes of a Bosnian refugee returning home for the first time after 18 years in New York. U2 's " Miss Sarajevo " is among the best known pieces of music about the war in Bosnia.
The song features Bono and Luciano Pavarotti. The Polish video game developed by 11 bit studios , This War of Mine , is based on the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, focusing on the civilian population surviving in the besieged city. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. December Learn how and when to remove this template message. Breakup of Yugoslavia and Timeline of Yugoslav breakup. Wrestling History with the President [99]. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War. Washington Agreement and Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Burg and Paul S. Shoup, The War in Bosnia-Herzegovina []. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War. Bosnian genocide and Bosnian Genocide Case. Rape in the Bosnian War. September Learn how and when to remove this template message.
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