These are two of the southernmost settlements of the world. Although it is navigable by large ships, there are safer waters to the south Drake Passage and to the north Strait of Magellan. The latter two lie at the bi-national eastern entrance to the channel while the western entrance is wholly inside Chile. The western entrance of Beagle Channel is divided by Gordon Island into two channels. Some minor islands exist inside the channel among them Snipe Islet and Gable Island. The Yaghan peoples settled the islands along the Murray Channel approximately 10, years before present.
There are notable archaeological sites indicating such early Yaghan settlement at locations such as Bahia Wulaia on Isla Navarino , site of the Bahia Wulaia Dome Middens. The channel was named after the ship HMS Beagle during its first hydrographic survey of the coasts of the southern part of South America which lasted from to The ship continued the survey in the second voyage of Beagle under the command of captain FitzRoy, who took Charles Darwin along as a self-funding supernumerary , giving him opportunities as an amateur naturalist.
Darwin had his first sight of glaciers when they reached the channel on 29 January , and wrote in his field notebook "It is scarcely possible to imagine anything more beautiful than the beryl-like blue of these glaciers, and especially as contrasted with the dead white of the upper expanse of snow. Several small islands Picton, Lennox and Nueva up to the Cape Horn were the subject of the long-running Beagle conflict between Chile and Argentina; by the terms of a Treaty of Peace and Friendship of between Chile and Argentina they are now part of Chile.
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See List of incidents during the Beagle conflict. Beagle Channel is a prominent area to watch rare, endemic dolphins, [8] and the less-studied pygmy right whales. Romanche Glacier on the north shore of the Channel. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. For the ultimate thrill, go sea-kayaking through these whale-filled waters for a whale of a time! Even if the whales are being shrewd, the vistas of nearby glaciers and fjords still make for a lovely outing.
The most common penguin of Fuegian waters is the Magellanic penguin , also named after Ferdinand Magellan who was the first to record observations about them during an expedition in A colony of more than , mating pairs spends September-March on the tiny island of Isla Magdalena , located a short ferry ride from Punta Arenas, where they breed and raise their chicks before migrating further up the coast for food and warmer weather during the winter months. Even though the island is a national monument and is protected because of its importance as a breeding site Magellanic penguins are endangered due to frequent oil spills, which kills upwards of 42,00 penguin's per year, as well as loss of food from overfishing by humans , there is a marked-off hiking path around the island which guests can walk through and observe the penguins and their breeding grounds at close quarters.
There are up to 10 Magellanic penguin colonies throughout Chilean and Argentine Patagonia Isla Magdalena is the largest , and the species is monitored by scientists and conservation groups.
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In addition to the Magellanic penguin, Humboldt, Gentoo, and Rockhopper penguins also have breeding colonies throughout the region. But a true rarity amongst the local penguin colonies is the king penguin colony at King Penguin Park.
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King Penguins are native to the Sub-Antarctic islands farther south, and rarely venture this close to the mainland, much less to create a colony. To protect the colony which has since grown , the King Penguin Park was opened in to allow visitors to safely observe and learn about the penguins, and to help conserve the species. There are two types of dolphins most commonly found in Tierra del Fuego: Killed en masse during the s and s by local fisherman who used their flesh as crab bait, the species is not overtly endangered, but conservation groups have started to voice concern that more concentrated efforts need to be made to preserve their numbers.
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Despite the killing, they remain the most prolific dolphins in the area, and can be found up and down the southern coasts of Chile and Argentina, gliding through the water at fast speeds. Like the Peale dolphin, they have also been killed for crab bait, and are frequently caught in gillnets closer to shore, which they can access due to their small build. One of the best spots to observe the seals and sea lions at their leisure is at the pinniped-extravaganza of Isla Marta , located near Isla Magdalena.
The tiny island - which is protected and off-limits to tourists - is home to thousands of elephant seals, South American sea lions, and South American fur seals.
Males establish territories on the beaches that encompass large groups of females with which he mates mating season for the sea lions takes place from September to December, with pups being born from December through February.