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- Eighty years on, Spain may at last be able to confront the ghosts of civil war.
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This was the image, some say, that inspired Orwell to create the character of Julia in Nineteen Eighty-Four. But, as in the rest of Spain, there is no central place where the whole story of is told. But he also sounds a note of caution. When the subject of the civil war is talked about, the two sides of Spain divide immediately. Can that division be contained and accommodated within the walls of one building?
But in a democracy there should be a higher kind of agreement, an agreement that it is good to collectively discuss the past as a society.
I remember : eighty years of black entertainment, big bands, and the blues : an autobiography
It was the prologue of the second world war; it generated a dictatorship that lasted almost 40 years and its effects continue into our times. Creating a museum is a means to preserve the historical memory of an event that should never be repeated. On 17 July General Francisco Franco launched a military uprising against the Republican government elected that spring. Mobilising troops from Spanish Morocco — the so-called Army of Africa — the Nationalist forces quickly took control of Seville and other areas in the south.
The plotters claimed to be acting in defence of traditional Catholic Spain and to restore order to the country.
THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR: A BRIEF HISTORY
Their treatment of the opposition was brutal. In Barcelona, anarchist workers put down the Nationalist insurgency and launch a social revolution of their own. Factories are collectivised, and in some parts of Catalonia money is abolished. In Madrid, the Republican government, which hopes to build a popular front including moderates and liberals to combat the Nationalist threat, will become increasingly concerned at the growing radicalism. Orwell goes to the Zaragoza front to fight and will subsequently write the classic war memoir Homage to Catalonia about his experiences.
In May , as tensions mount between communist, socialist and anarchist forces behind the Republican lines, Orwell becomes involved in street battles in Barcelona. His experiences will inform his indictment of Stalinism in the book Nineteen Eighty-Four. Raids by aircraft from Nazi Germany and fascist Italy constituted one of the first systematic aerial bombing campaigns to be conducted against civilians.
After the bombings, that mural became the one depicting the horror and suffering of the town. The artwork remains the most famous ever produced on the subject of war. Hundreds of thousands of civilians died during the civil war as a result of bombings and executions. There is now a museum dedicated to peace in Guernica.
Souq | What I Remember: Eighty Years | Kuwait
A heroic resistance saw the Nationalist forces beaten back. But the government eventually decamped first to Valencia, then to Barcelona.
By the winter of Madrid was freezing, starving, and more or less out of arms and ammunition. On 26 March Franco ordered his troops to advance on Madrid after fighting there between Republican factions. Two days later the city had fallen. Thousands of its defenders were executed.
As the Nationalist forces advanced through Catalonia, a steady flow of refugees headed to France. In the winter of more than , are estimated to have crossed the border. Some Republicans went on to fight for the French Resistance against the Nazis. The refugees hoped to be welcomed by the French, but they were treated with suspicion and hostility.
- Remembering Kristallnacht, Eighty Years Later.
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His regime, particularly in the early years, was cruel, repressive and vengeful towards the defeated enemy. Near Madrid a huge monument to the Nationalist dead, the Valley of the Fallen, was erected. Meanwhile the executions of Republican sympathisers continued well into the s, and thousands languished in prison for years. Topics Spain The Observer.