This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas , the war picture Paths of Glory and the historical epic Spartacus His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew, and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks , though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself. Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios, a dislike of the Hollywood industry, and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in , where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career.
His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire , which he shared with his wife Christiane , became his workplace, where he did his writing, research, editing, and management of production details. This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films, but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios. A demanding perfectionist, Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process, from direction and writing to editing, and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes, working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators.
He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie, which resulted in many conflicts with his casts. Despite the resulting notoriety among actors, many of Kubrick's films broke new ground in cinematography. The scientific realism and innovative special effects of A Space Odyssey were without precedent in the history of cinema, and the film earned him his only personal Oscar, for Best Visual Effects.
Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation's "big bang", and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made. With The Shining , he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots. While many of Kubrick's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release—particularly A Clockwork Orange , which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy—most were nominated for Oscars , Golden Globes , or BAFTA Awards, and underwent critical reevaluations.
His last film, Eyes Wide Shut , was completed shortly before his death in at the age of His sister, Barbara Mary Kubrick, was born in May Although his IQ was discovered to be above average, his attendance was poor, and he missed 56 days in his first term alone, as many as he attended. The game remained a lifelong interest of Kubrick's, [12] appearing in many scenes of his films. He befriended a neighbor, Marvin Traub, who shared his passion for photography.
Freelance photographer Weegee Arthur Fellig had a considerable influence on Kubrick's development as a photographer; Kubrick would later hire Fellig as the special stills photographer for Dr. Later in life, Kubrick spoke disdainfully of his education and of contemporary American schooling as a whole, maintaining that schools were ineffective in stimulating critical thinking and student interest.
His father was disappointed in his son's failure to achieve excellence in school, of which he felt Stanley was fully capable. Jack also encouraged Stanley to read from the former's library at home, while at the same time permitting Stanley to take up photography as a serious hobby. While still in high school, Kubrick was chosen as an official school photographer. In the mids, since he was not able to gain admission to day session classes at colleges, he briefly attended evening classes at the City College of New York.
Kubrick supplemented his income by playing chess "for quarters" in Washington Square Park and various Manhattan chess clubs. In , he became an apprentice photographer for Look and later a full-time staff photographer.
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He didn't say much. He was thin, skinny, and kind of poor—like we all were". His first, published on April 16, , was entitled "A Short Story from a Movie Balcony" and staged a fracas between a man and a woman, during which the man is slapped in the face, caught genuinely by surprise. It has been said retrospectively that this project demonstrated an early interest of Kubrick in capturing individuals and their feelings in mundane environments.
His earliest, "Prizefighter", was published on January 18, , and captured a boxing match and the events leading up to it, featuring Walter Cartier. The following year, on July 18, , the magazine published his photo essay, "Working Debutante — Betsy von Furstenberg ", which featured a Pablo Picasso portrait of Angel F. Kubrick married his high-school sweetheart Toba Metz on May 28, Sergei Eisenstein 's theoretical writings had a profound impact on Kubrick, and he took a great number of notes from books in the library of Arthur Rothstein , the photographic technical director of Look magazine.
Kubrick shared a love of film with his school friend Alexander Singer, who after graduating from high school had the intention of directing a film version of Homer's The Iliad. He began learning all he could about filmmaking on his own, calling film suppliers, laboratories, and equipment rental houses.
Kubrick decided to make a short film documentary about boxer Walter Cartier , whom he had photographed and written about for Look magazine a year earlier. He rented a camera and produced a minute black-and-white documentary, Day of the Fight. Kubrick found the money independently to finance it. He had considered asking Montgomery Clift to narrate it, whom he had met during a photographic session for Look , but settled on CBS news veteran Douglas Edwards.
He said, "Stanley was very stoic, impassive but imaginative type person with strong, imaginative thoughts. He commanded respect in a quiet, shy way. Whatever he wanted, you complied, he just captivated you. Anybody who worked with Stanley did just what Stanley wanted". Inspired by this early success, Kubrick quit his job at Look and visited professional filmmakers in New York City, asking many detailed questions about the technical aspects of film-making. He stated that he was given the confidence during this period to become a filmmaker because of the number of bad films he had seen, remarking, "I don't know a goddamn thing about movies, but I know I can make a better film than that".
The film was originally going to be called "Sky Pilot", a pun on the slang term for a priest. Several of the views from and of the plane in Flying Padre are later echoed in It has shots of ships, machinery, a canteen, and a union meeting.
For the cafeteria scene in the film, Kubrick chose a long, sideways-shooting dolly shot to establish the life of the seafarer's community; this shot is an early demonstration of a technique which would become a signature of his. The montage of speaker and audience echoes scenes from Eisenstein's Strike and October During the course of the film, one of the soldiers becomes infatuated with an attractive girl in the woods and binds her to a tree. This scene is noted for its close-ups on the face of the actress. Fear and Desire was a commercial failure, but garnered several positive reviews upon release.
Critics such as the reviewer from The New York Times believed that Kubrick's professionalism as a photographer shone through in the picture, and that he "artistically caught glimpses of the grotesque attitudes of death, the wolfishness of hungry men, as well as their bestiality, and in one scene, the wracking effect of lust on a pitifully juvenile soldier and the pinioned girl he is guarding". Columbia University scholar Mark Van Doren was highly impressed by the scenes with the girl bound to the tree, remarking that it would live on as a "beautiful, terrifying and weird" sequence which illustrated Kubrick's immense talent and guaranteed his future success.
Following Fear and Desire , Kubrick began working on ideas for a new boxing film. Due to the commercial failure of his first feature, Kubrick avoided asking for further investments, but commenced a film noir script with Howard O. Originally under the title Kiss Me, Kill Me , and then The Nymph and the Maniac , Killer's Kiss is a minute film noir about a young heavyweight boxer's involvement with a woman being abused by her criminal boss.
He initially chose to record the sound on location, but encountered difficulties with shadows from the microphone booms, restricting camera movement. He thinks movies should move, with a minimum of dialogue, and he's all for sex and sadism". Harris , who considered Kubrick "the most intelligent, most creative person I have ever come in contact with". The two formed the Harris-Kubrick Pictures Corporation in Kubrick and Harris moved to Los Angeles from New York and signed with the Jaffe Agency to shoot the picture, which became Kubrick's first full-length feature film shot with a professional cast and crew.
The Union in Hollywood stated that Kubrick would not be permitted to be both the director and the cinematographer of the movie, so veteran cinematographer Lucien Ballard was hired for the shooting. Very mechanical, always confident. I've worked with few directors who are that good".
The Killing failed to secure a proper release across the United States; the film made little money, and was promoted only at the last minute, as a second feature to the Western movie Bandido! Several contemporary critics lauded the film, however, with a reviewer for Time comparing its camerawork to that of Orson Welles.
Paths of Glory , set during World War I , is based on Humphrey Cobb 's antiwar novel, which Kubrick had read while waiting in his father's office. Schary was familiar with the novel, but stated that MGM would not finance another war picture, given their backing of the anti-war film The Red Badge of Courage Dax is assigned to defend the men at Court Martial. For the battle scene, Kubrick meticulously lined up six cameras one after the other along the boundary of no-man's land, with each camera capturing a specific field and numbered, and gave each of the hundreds of extras a number for the zone in which they would die.
Paths of Glory became Kubrick's first significant commercial success, and established him as an up-and-coming young filmmaker. Critics praised the film's unsentimental, spare, and unvarnished combat scenes and its raw, black-and-white cinematography. The film was banned in France until for its "unflattering" depiction of the French military, and was censored by the Swiss Army until He has an adroit intellect, and is a creative thinker—not a repeater, not a fact-gatherer.
He digests what he learns and brings to a new project an original point of view and a reserved passion". Many disputes broke out over the project, and in the end, Kubrick distanced himself from what would become One-Eyed Jacks In February , Kubrick received a phone call from Kirk Douglas asking him to direct Spartacus , based on the true life story of the historical figure Spartacus and the events of the Third Servile War.
Douglas had acquired the rights to the novel by Howard Fast and blacklisted screenwriter Dalton Trumbo began penning the script. Kubrick complained about not having full creative control over the artistic aspects, insisting on improvising extensively during the production. Kubrick and Harris made a decision to film Kubrick's next movie Lolita in England, due to clauses placed on the contract by producers Warner Bros. Stylistically, Lolita , starring Peter Sellers , James Mason , Shelley Winters , and Sue Lyon , was a transitional film for Kubrick, "marking the turning point from a naturalistic cinema Kercher documented that the film "demonstrated that its director possessed a keen, satiric insight into the social landscape and sexual hang-ups of cold war America", while Jon Fortgang of Film4 wrote: Kubrick's next project was Dr.
Kubrick became preoccupied with the issue of nuclear war as the Cold War unfolded in the s, and even considered moving to Australia because he feared that New York City might be a likely target for the Russians. He studied over 40 military and political research books on the subject and eventually reached the conclusion that "nobody really knew anything and the whole situation was absurd".
It was originally written as a serious political thriller, but Kubrick decided that a "serious treatment" of the subject would not be believable, and thought that some of its most salient points would be fodder for comedy. Just before filming began, Kubrick hired noted journalist and satirical author Terry Southern to transform the script into its final form, a black-comedy, loaded with sexual innuendo, [99] becoming a film which showed Kubrick's talents as "unique kind of absurdist" according to the film scholar Abrams.
Stanley Kubrick
Kubrick found that Dr. It was shot in 15 weeks, ending in April , after which Kubrick spent eight months editing it. The New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther worried that it was a "discredit and even contempt for our whole defense establishment However brutal that joke might be". Kubrick spent five years developing his next film, A Space Odyssey , having been highly impressed with science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke 's novel Childhood's End , about a superior race of alien beings who assist mankind in eliminating their old selves.
After meeting Clarke in New York City in April , Kubrick made the suggestion to work on his short story The Sentinel , about a tetrahedron which is found on the Moon which alerts aliens of mankind. A Space Odyssey , and the screenplay was written by Kubrick and Clarke in collaboration. The film's theme, the birthing of one intelligence by another, is developed in two parallel intersecting stories on two very different times scales.
One depicts transitions between various stages of man, from ape to "star child", as man is reborn into a new existence, each step shepherded by an enigmatic alien intelligence seen only in its artifacts: In space, the enemy is a supercomputer known as HAL who runs the spaceship, a character which novelist Clancy Sigal described as being "far, far more human, more humorous and conceivably decent than anything else that may emerge from this far-seeing enterprise".
Kubrick spent a great deal of time researching the film, paying particular attention to accuracy and detail in what the future might look like. He was granted permission by NASA to observe the spacecraft being used in the Ranger 9 mission for accuracy. A Space Odyssey was conceived as a Cinerama spectacle and was photographed in Super Panavision 70 , giving the viewer a "dazzling mix of imagination and science" through ground-breaking effects, which earned Kubrick his only personal Oscar, an Academy Award for Visual Effects.
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The film revolves around this metaphysical conception, and the realistic hardware and the documentary feelings about everything were necessary in order to undermine your built-in resistance to the poetical concept". Upon release in , A Space Odyssey was not an immediate hit among critics, who faulted its lack of dialog, slow pacing, and seemingly impenetrable storyline.
Kubrick was particularly outraged by a scathing review from Pauline Kael , who called it "the biggest amateur movie of them all", with Kubrick doing "really every dumb thing he ever wanted to do".
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A Space Odyssey , Kubrick searched for a project that he could film quickly on a more modest budget. He settled on A Clockwork Orange at the end of , an exploration of violence and experimental rehabilitation by law enforcement authorities, based around the character of Alex portrayed by Malcolm McDowell.
Kubrick had originally received a copy of Anthony Burgess 's novel of the same name from Terry Southern while they were working on Dr. Strangelove , but had rejected it on the grounds that Nadsat , [w] a street language for young teenagers, was too difficult to comprehend. In , the decision to make a film about the degeneration of youth was a more timely one; the New Hollywood movement was witnessing a great number of films that were centered around the sexuality and rebelliousness of young people, which no doubt influenced Kubrick in Baxter's opinion. Because of its depiction of teenage violence, A Clockwork Orange became one of the most controversial films of its time, and part of an ongoing debate about violence and its glorification in cinema.
It received an X rating , or certificate, in both the UK and US, on its release just before Christmas , though many critics saw much of the violence depicted in the film as satirical, and less violent than Straw Dogs , which had been released a month earlier. In fact, not just this year, but the best, period". Barry Lyndon is an adaptation of William Makepeace Thackeray 's The Luck of Barry Lyndon also known as Barry Lyndon , a picaresque novel about the adventures of an 18th-century Irish rogue and social climber.
John Calley of Warner Bros. Extensive photographs were taken of locations and artwork in particular, and paintings were meticulously replicated from works of the great masters of the period in the film. Baxter notes that Barry Lyndon was the film which made Kubrick notorious for paying scrupulous attention to detail, often demanding twenty or thirty retakes of the same scene to perfect his art.
The lenses allowed many scenes to be lit only with candlelight, creating two-dimensional, diffused-light images reminiscent of 18th-century paintings. As with most of Kubrick's films, Barry Lyndon' s reputation has grown through the years and it is now considered to be one of his best, particularly among filmmakers and critics. The Shining , released in , was adapted from the novel of the same name by bestselling horror writer Stephen King. The Shining was not the only horror film to which Kubrick had been linked; he had turned down the directing of both The Exorcist and Exorcist II: The Heretic , despite once saying in to a friend that he had long desired to "make the world's scariest movie, involving a series of episodes that would play upon the nightmare fears of the audience".
He spends the winter there with his wife, played by Shelley Duvall , and their young son, who displays paranormal abilities. During their stay, they confront both Jack's descent into madness and apparent supernatural horrors lurking in the hotel. Kubrick gave his actors freedom to extend the script, and even improvise on occasion, and as a result, Nicholson was responsible for the 'Here's Johnny!
Duvall, who Kubrick also intentionally isolated and argued with often, was forced to perform the iconic and exhausting baseball bat scene times. Afterwards, Duvall presented Kubrick with clumps of hair that had fallen out due to the extreme stress of filming. According to Garrett Brown , Steadicam's inventor, it was the first picture to use its full potential. Five days after release on May 23, , Kubrick ordered the deletion of a final scene, in which the hotel manager Ullman Barry Nelson visits Wendy Shelley Duvall in hospital, believing it to have been unnecessary after witnessing the audience excitement in cinemas at the climax of the film.
With the vision in mind to shoot what would become Full Metal Jacket , Kubrick began working with both Herr and Hasford separately on a script. He eventually found Hasford's novel to be "brutally honest" and decided to shoot a film which closely follows the novel. According to critic Michel Ciment , the film contained some of Kubrick's trademark characteristics, such as his selection of ironic music, portrayals of men being dehumanized, and attention to extreme detail to achieve realism.
In a later scene, United States Marines patrol the ruins of an abandoned and destroyed city singing the theme song to the Mickey Mouse Club as a sardonic counterpoint. Then the film degenerates into a masterpiece. Tom Cruise portrays a doctor who witnesses a bizarre masked quasireligious orgiastic ritual at a country mansion, a discovery which later threatens his life.
Kubrick said of the novel: It explores the sexual ambivalence of a happy marriage and tries to equate the importance of sexual dreams and might-have-beens with reality. All of Schnitzler's work is psychologically brilliant". He commenced a script with Frederic Raphael , [] and worked 18 hours a day, while maintaining complete confidentiality about the film. Kubrick sent an unfinished preview copy to the stars and producers a few months before release, but his sudden death on March 7, , came a few days after he finished editing.
He never saw the final version released to the public, [] but he did see the preview of the film with Warner Bros. Roger Ebert awarded it 3. It feels creaky, ancient, hopelessly out of touch, infatuated with the hot taboos of his youth and unable to connect with that twisty thing contemporary sexuality has become.
Throughout the s and early s, Kubrick collaborated with Brian Aldiss on an expansion of his short story " Supertoys Last All Summer Long " into a three-act film. It was a futuristic fairy tale about a robot that resembles and behaves as a child, and his efforts to become a 'real boy' in a manner similar to Pinocchio.
Kubrick approached Spielberg in with the AI script with the possibility of Steven Spielberg directing it and Kubrick producing it. Following Kubrick's death in , Spielberg took the various drafts and notes left by Kubrick and his writers and composed a new screenplay based on an earlier page story treatment by Ian Watson written under Kubrick's supervision and according to Kubrick's specifications. Artificial Intelligence [] [] which was produced by Kubrick's longtime producer and brother-in-law Jan Harlan.
Although Spielberg was able to function autonomously in Kubrick's absence, he said he felt "inhibited to honor him", and followed Kubrick's visual schema with as much fidelity as he could, according to author Joseph McBride. Spielberg, who once referred to Kubrick as "the greatest master I ever served", now with production underway, admitted, "I felt like I was being coached by a ghost. It contains a posthumous production credit for Stanley Kubrick at the beginning and the brief dedication "For Stanley Kubrick" at the end. John Williams 's score contains many allusions to pieces heard in other Kubrick films.
A Space Odyssey , Kubrick originally planned to make a film about the life of the French emperor Napoleon. Fascinated by his life and own "self-destruction", [] Kubrick spent a great deal of time planning the film's development, and had conducted about two years of extensive research into Napoleon's life, reading several hundred books and gaining access to Napoleon's personal memoirs and commentaries.
He also tried to see every film ever made about Napoleon and found none of them appealing, including Abel Gance 's film which is generally considered to be a masterpiece, but for Kubrick, a "really terrible" movie. Kubrick drafted a screenplay in , and envisaged making a "grandiose" epic, with up to 40, infantry and 10, cavalry. He had intended hiring the armed forces of an entire country to make the film, as he considered Napoleonic battles to be "so beautiful, like vast lethal ballets", with an "aesthetic brilliance that doesn't require a military mind to appreciate".
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He wanted them to be replicated as authentically as possible on screen. Kubrick approached numerous stars to play leading roles, including Audrey Hepburn for Empress Josephine , a part which she could not accept due to semiretirement. Numerous reasons have been cited for the abandonment of the project, including its projected cost, a change of ownership at MGM, [] and the poor reception that the Soviet film about Napoleon, Waterloo , received. In , Taschen published the book, Stanley Kubrick's Napoleon: The Greatest Movie Never Made , a large volume compilation of literature and source documents from Kubrick, such as scene photo ideas and copies of letters Kubrick wrote and received.
Artificial Intelligence and is a passionate admirer of his work, announced that he would be developing Napoleon as a TV miniseries based on Kubrick's original screenplay. Jazz" to write reviews of German music scenes during the Nazi era. Kubrick had been given a copy of the Mike Zwerin book Swing Under the Nazis after he had finished production on Full Metal Jacket , the front cover of which featured a photograph of Schulz-Koehn.
A screenplay was never completed and Kubrick's film adaptation plan was never initiated. Work on Aryan Papers depressed Kubrick enormously, and he eventually decided that Steven Spielberg's Schindler's List covered much of the same material. According to biographer John Baxter, Kubrick had shown an interest in directing a pornographic film based on a satirical novel written by Terry Southern, titled Blue Movie , about a director who makes Hollywood's first big-budget porn film. However, Baxter claims that Kubrick concluded that he did not have the patience or temperament to become involved in the porn industry, and Southern stated that Kubrick was "too ultra conservative" towards sexuality to have seriously gone ahead with it, but liked the idea.
Anyone who has ever been privileged to direct a film knows that, although it can be like trying to write War and Peace in a bumper car at an amusement park, when you finally get it right, there are not many joys in life that can equal the feeling. As a young man, Kubrick was fascinated by the films of Soviet filmmakers such as Sergei Eisenstein and Vsevolod Pudovkin. Kubrick recommended this work to others for many years. Thomas Nelson describes this book as "the greatest influence of any single written work on the evolution of [Kubrick's] private aesthetics".
Kubrick also found the ideas of Konstantin Stanislavski to be essential to his understanding the basics of directing, and gave himself a crash course to learn his methods. Kubrick's family and many critics felt that his Jewish ancestry may have contributed to his worldview and aspects of his films.
After his death, both his daughter and wife stated that although he was not religious, "he did not deny his Jewishness, not at all". His daughter noted that he wanted to make a film about the Holocaust, the Aryan Papers , having spent years researching the subject. British screenwriter Frederic Raphael , who worked closely with Kubrick in his final years, believes that the originality of Kubrick's films was partly because he "had a Jewish?
He declared that it was "absurd to try to understand Stanley Kubrick without reckoning on Jewishness as a fundamental aspect of his mentality". Kubrick noted how in Ophuls' films "the camera went through every wall and every floor". Pabst , who earlier tried, but was unable to adapt Schnitzler's Traumnovelle , the basis of Eyes Wide Shut. LoBrutto notes that Kubrick identified with Welles and that this influenced the making of The Killing , with its "multiple points of view, extreme angles, and deep focus".
Kubrick admired the work of Ingmar Bergman and expressed it in personal letter: I believe you are the greatest film-maker at work today […], unsurpassed by anyone in the creation of mood and atmosphere, the subtlety of performance, the avoidance of the obvious, the truthfulness and completeness of characterization. To this one must also add everything else that goes into the making of a film; […] and I shall look forward with eagerness to each of your films. When the American magazine Cinema asked Kubrick in to name his favorite films, he listed Italian director Federico Fellini 's I Vitelloni as number one in his Top 10 list.
Kubrick's films typically involve expressions of an inner struggle, examined from different perspectives. He explained in a interview with Robert Emmett Ginna: Eliot said to someone who had asked him—I believe it was The Waste Land —what he meant by the poem. He replied, 'I meant what I said. He believed that the subconscious emotional reaction evoked by audiences was far more powerful in the film medium than in any other traditional verbal form, and was one of the reasons why he often relied on long periods in his films without dialogue, placing emphasis on images and sound.
When you say something directly, it is simply not as potent as it is when you allow people to discover it for themselves. Fantasy may deal best with themes which lie primarily in the unconscious". Diane Johnson , who co-wrote the screenplay for The Shining with Kubrick, notes that he "always said that it was better to adapt a book rather than write an original screenplay, and that you should choose a work that isn't a masterpiece so you can improve on it. Which is what he's always done, except with Lolita ".
Although none of his features display graphic sex scenes, sexuality in Kubrick's films is usually depicted outside matrimonial relationships in hostile situations. Baxter states that Kubrick explores the "furtive and violent side alleys of the sexual experience: Strangelove , many of his other films also contained less visible elements of satire or irony. His films are unpredictable, examining "the duality and contradictions that exist in all of us".
About the only factor at work each time is that I try not to repeat myself". Film author Patrick Webster considers Kubrick's methods of writing and developing scenes to fit with the classical auteur theory of directing, allowing collaboration and improvisation with the actors during filming. Walker believes that Kubrick was one of "very few film directors competent to instruct their lighting photographers in the precise effect they want".
Gilbert Adair , writing in a review for Full Metal Jacket , commented that "Kubrick's approach to language has always been of a reductive and uncompromisingly deterministic nature. He appears to view it as the exclusive product of environmental conditioning, only very marginally influenced by concepts of subjectivity and interiority, by all whims, shades and modulations of personal expression".
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It begins with the selection of the property; it continues through the creation of the story, the sets, the costumes, the photography and the acting. And when the picture is shot, it's only partially finished. I think the cutting is just a continuation of directing a movie. I think the use of music effects, opticals and finally main titles are all part of telling the story. And I think the fragmentation of these jobs, by different people, is a very bad thing". I like a slow start, the start that gets under the audience's skin and involves them so that they can appreciate grace notes and soft tones and don't have to be pounded over the head with plot points and suspense tools.
Kubrick was notorious for demanding multiple takes during filming to perfect his art, and his relentless approach was often extremely demanding for his actors. Jack Nicholson remarked that Kubrick would often demand up to fifty takes of a scene. Once you're accustomed to them, the presence of even one other person on set is discordant and tends to produce self-consciousness in the actors, and certainly in itself". An actor can only do one thing at a time, and when he learned his lines only well enough to say them while he's thinking about them, he will always have trouble as soon as he has to work on the emotions of the scene or find camera marks.
In a strong emotional scene, it is always best to be able to shoot in complete takes to allow the actor a continuity of emotion, and it is rare for most actors to reach their peak more than once or twice. There are, occasionally, scenes which benefit from extra takes, but even then, I'm not sure that the early takes aren't just glorified rehearsals with the adding adrenaline of film running through the camera.
Kubrick would devote his personal breaks to having lengthy discussions with actors. Among those who valued his attention was Tony Curtis , star of Spartacus , who said Kubrick was his favorite director, adding, "his greatest effectiveness was his one-on-one relationship with actors. He wanted to see the actor's faces. He didn't want cameras always in a wide shot twenty-five feet away, he wanted close-ups, he wanted to keep the camera moving.
That was his style. He moves you, pushes you, helps you, gets cross with you, but above all he teaches you the value of a good director. Stanley brought out aspects of my personality and acting instincts that had been dormant Thanks for telling us about the problem. Return to Book Page. Preview — What Happened to Mickey? What Happened to Mickey?: According to police, as gleaned from underworld informants, Mickey was killed in the s in the United States "by his own criminal associates.
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