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Socratic Dialogue: Patient with Exertional Dyspnea

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When the text has been fully discussed and the inner circle is finished talking, the outer circle provides feedback on the dialogue that took place. This process alternates with the inner circle students going to the outer circle for the next meeting and vice versa. The length of this process varies depending on the text used for the discussion. The teacher may decide to alternate groups within one meeting, or they may alternate at each separate meeting.

The most significant difference between this activity and most typical classroom activities involves the role of the teacher. In Socratic Circles the students lead the discussion and questioning. The teacher's role is to ensure the discussion advances regardless of the particular direction the discussion takes. Teachers use Socratic Circles in different ways.

The structure it takes may look different in each classroom. While this is not an exhaustive list, teachers may use one of the following structures to administer Socratic Seminar:. The seminars encourage students to work together, creating meaning from the text and to stay away from trying to find a correct interpretation. The emphasis is on critical and creative thinking.

A Socratic Circle text is a tangible document that creates a thought-provoking discussion.


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  5. Furthermore, the seminar text enables the participants to create a level playing field — ensuring that the dialogical tone within the classroom remains consistent and pure to the subject or topic at hand. Ideas and values - The text must introduce ideas and values that are complex and difficult to summarize. Complexity and challenge - The text must be rich in ideas and complexity [10] and open to interpretation. Relevance to participants and curriculum - An effective text has identifiable themes that are recognizable and pertinent to the lives of the participants. Ambiguity - The text must be approachable from a variety of different perspectives, including perspectives that seem mutually exclusive, thus provoking critical thinking and raising important questions.

    The absence of right and wrong answers promotes a variety of discussion and encourages individual contributions. Subject area, which can draw from print or non-print artifacts. As examples, language arts can be approached through poems, history through written or oral historical speeches, science through policies on environmental issues, math through mathematical proofs, health through nutrition labels, and physical education through fitness guidelines. Socratic Circles are based upon the interaction of peers. The focus is to explore multiple perspectives on a given issue or topic.

    Socratic questioning is used to help students apply the activity to their learning. The pedagogy of Socratic questions is open-ended, focusing on broad, general ideas rather than specific, factual information. Socratic circles generally start with an open-ended question proposed either by the leader or by another participant. The leader keeps the topic focused by asking a variety of questions about the text itself, as well as questions to help clarify positions when arguments become confused.

    The leader also seeks to coax reluctant participants into the discussion, and to limit contributions from those who tend to dominate. The leader guides participants to deepen, clarify, and paraphrase, and to synthesize a variety of different views.

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    The participants share the responsibility with the leader to maintain the quality of the Socratic circle. They listen actively in order to respond effectively to what others have contributed. This teaches the participants to think and speak persuasively using the discussion to support their position. Questions can be created individually or in small groups. The Socratic method, in the form of Socratic questioning , has been adapted for psychotherapy, most prominently in Classical Adlerian psychotherapy , Logotherapy , [18] Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy , Cognitive Therapy [19] [20] [21] and Reality Therapy.