Words that rhyme with mine. Translation of mine for Spanish Speakers. Translation of mine for Arabic Speakers. Encyclopedia article about mine. What made you want to look up mine? Please tell us where you read or heard it including the quote, if possible. Test Your Knowledge - and learn some interesting things along the way. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! What origins we bring to you and your kin.
A word with surprisingly literal origins.
Mine | Definition of Mine by Merriam-Webster
Do you feel lucky? How we chose 'justice'. And is one way more correct than the others? How to use a word that literally drives some people nuts. The awkward case of 'his or her'. Identify the word pairs with a common ancestor. Test your visual vocabulary with our question challenge! Other Words from mine Verb miner noun. Synonyms for mine Synonyms: Noun argosy , cornucopia , gold mine , mother lode , treasure trove , wellspring Synonyms: Use the HTML below.
You must be a registered user to use the IMDb rating plugin. Edit Cast Cast overview: Tommy Madison Clint Dyer Mike's Father Juliet Aubrey Berber Girl Luka Peros Delta Force 1 Daniel Sandoval Sayid Assiff Yesarela Arzumendi Beduin Bride Manuel Medero Beduin Groom David Kirk Traylor Comander Barton voice Ed Hendrik Edit Storyline In the middle of the desert, an area filled with 33 million blast mines scattered everywhere, marine sniper Sergeant Mike Stevens is on a mission to locate and neutralize the leader of a terrorist cell.
Every step could be your last. Edit Details Official Sites: Edit Did You Know? The minerals are then concentrated using sluices or jigs. Large drills are used to sink shafts, excavate stopes, and obtain samples for analysis. Trams are used to transport miners, minerals and waste. Lifts carry miners into and out of mines, and move rock and ore out, and machinery in and out, of underground mines.
Huge trucks, shovels and cranes are employed in surface mining to move large quantities of overburden and ore. Processing plants utilize large crushers, mills, reactors, roasters and other equipment to consolidate the mineral-rich material and extract the desired compounds and metals from the ore. Once the mineral is extracted, it is often then processed.
The science of extractive metallurgy is a specialized area in the science of metallurgy that studies the extraction of valuable metals from their ores, especially through chemical or mechanical means. Mineral processing or mineral dressing is a specialized area in the science of metallurgy that studies the mechanical means of crushing, grinding, and washing that enable the separation extractive metallurgy of valuable metals or minerals from their gangue waste material. Processing of placer ore material consists of gravity-dependent methods of separation, such as sluice boxes.
Only minor shaking or washing may be necessary to disaggregate unclump the sands or gravels before processing. Processing of ore from a lode mine, whether it is a surface or subsurface mine, requires that the rock ore be crushed and pulverized before extraction of the valuable minerals begins. After lode ore is crushed, recovery of the valuable minerals is done by one, or a combination of several, mechanical and chemical techniques. Since most metals are present in ores as oxides or sulfides, the metal needs to be reduced to its metallic form.
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This can be accomplished through chemical means such as smelting or through electrolytic reduction, as in the case of aluminium. Geometallurgy combines the geologic sciences with extractive metallurgy and mining. In , led by Chemistry and Biochemistry professor Bradley D. Smith, University of Notre Dame researchers "invented a new class of molecules whose shape and size enable them to capture and contain precious metal ions," reported in a study published by the Journal of the American Chemical Society.
The new method "converts gold-containing ore into chloroauric acid and extracts it using an industrial solvent. The container molecules are able to selectively separate the gold from the solvent without the use of water stripping. Environmental issues can include erosion , formation of sinkholes , loss of biodiversity , and contamination of soil , groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes. In some cases, additional forest logging is done in the vicinity of mines to create space for the storage of the created debris and soil.
Mining companies in most countries are required to follow stringent environmental and rehabilitation codes in order to minimize environmental impact and avoid impacting human health. These codes and regulations all require the common steps of environmental impact assessment , development of environmental management plans, mine closure planning which must be done before the start of mining operations , and environmental monitoring during operation and after closure.
However, in some areas, particularly in the developing world, government regulations may not be well enforced. For major mining companies and any company seeking international financing, there are a number of other mechanisms to enforce good environmental standards. These generally relate to financing standards such as the Equator Principles , IFC environmental standards, and criteria for Socially responsible investing.
Mining companies have used this oversight from the financial sector to argue for some level of industry self-regulation. This was followed by the Global Mining Initiative which was begun by nine of the largest metals and mining companies and which led to the formation of the International Council on Mining and Metals , whose purpose was to "act as a catalyst" in an effort to improve social and environmental performance in the mining and metals industry internationally.
For example, ISO and ISO , which certify an "auditable environmental management system", involve short inspections, although they have been accused of lacking rigor. Miscellaneous other certification programs exist for various projects, typically through nonprofit groups. The purpose of a EPS PEAKS paper [43] was to provide evidence on policies managing ecological costs and maximise socio-economic benefits of mining using host country regulatory initiatives.
It found existing literature suggesting donors encourage developing countries to:. Ore mills generate large amounts of waste, called tailings. For example, 99 tons of waste are generated per ton of copper, [44] with even higher ratios in gold mining — because only 5. These tailings can be toxic. Tailings, which are usually produced as a slurry , are most commonly dumped into ponds made from naturally existing valleys.
The waste is classified as either sterile or mineralised, with acid generating potential, and the movement and storage of this material forms a major part of the mine planning process. When the mineralised package is determined by an economic cut-off, the near-grade mineralised waste is usually dumped separately with view to later treatment should market conditions change and it becomes economically viable.
Civil engineering design parameters are used in the design of the waste dumps, and special conditions apply to high-rainfall areas and to seismically active areas. Waste dump designs must meet all regulatory requirements of the country in whose jurisdiction the mine is located. It is also common practice to rehabilitate dumps to an internationally acceptable standard, which in some cases means that higher standards than the local regulatory standard are applied.
Many mining sites are remote and not connected to the grid. Electricity is typically generated with diesel generators. Due to high transportation cost and theft during transportation the cost for generating electricity is normally high. Renewable energy applications are becoming an alternative or amendment. Both solar and wind power plants can contribute in saving diesel costs at mining sites. Renewable energy applications have been built at mining sites.
Mining exists in many countries. In the developed world, mining in Australia , with BHP Billiton founded and headquartered in the country, and mining in Canada are particularly significant.
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While exploration and mining can be conducted by individual entrepreneurs or small businesses, most modern-day mines are large enterprises requiring large amounts of capital to establish. Consequently, the mining sector of the industry is dominated by large, often multinational, companies, most of them publicly listed.
It can be argued that what is referred to as the 'mining industry' is actually two sectors, one specializing in exploration for new resources and the other in mining those resources. The exploration sector is typically made up of individuals and small mineral resource companies, called "juniors", which are dependent on venture capital. The mining sector is made up of large multinational companies that are sustained by production from their mining operations. Various other industries such as equipment manufacture, environmental testing, and metallurgy analysis rely on, and support, the mining industry throughout the world.
Canadian stock exchanges have a particular focus on mining companies, particularly junior exploration companies through Toronto's TSX Venture Exchange ; Canadian companies raise capital on these exchanges and then invest the money in exploration globally. Mining operations can be grouped into five major categories in terms of their respective resources. These are oil and gas extraction, coal mining, metal ore mining, nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying, and mining support activities.
Prospecting potential mining sites, a vital area of concern for the mining industry, is now done using sophisticated new technologies such as seismic prospecting and remote-sensing satellites. Mining is heavily affected by the prices of the commodity minerals, which are often volatile. The s commodities boom "commodities supercycle" increased the prices of commodities, driving aggressive mining.
New regulations and a process of legislative reforms aim to improve the harmonization and stability of the mining sector in mineral-rich countries. Increasing debate and influence by NGOs and local communities called for a new approahes which would also include disadvantaged communities, and work towards sustainable development even after mine closure including transparency and revenue management. By the early s, community development issues and resettlements became mainstream concerns in World Bank mining projects. Furthermore, this highlighted regional and local demand for mining revenues and an inability of sub-national governments to effectively use the revenues.
The Fraser Institute a Canadian think tank has highlighted [ clarification needed ] the environmental protection laws in developing countries, as well as voluntary efforts by mining companies to improve their environmental impact. The entrance process is voluntary for each country and is monitored by multiple stakeholders including governments, private companies and civil society representatives, responsible for disclosure and dissemination of the reconciliation report; [61] however, the competitive disadvantage of company-by company public report is for some of the businesses in Ghana at least, the main constraint.
On the other hand, implementation has issues; inclusion or exclusion of artisanal mining and small-scale mining ASM from the EITI and how to deal with "non-cash" payments made by companies to subnational governments. Furthermore, the disproportionate revenues the mining industry can bring to the comparatively small number of people that it employs, [67] causes other problems, like a lack of investment in other less lucrative sectors, leading to swings in government revenuebecause of volatility in the oil markets.
Congo, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone — i. Public awareness increase, where government should act as a bridge between public and initiative for a successful outcome of the policy is an important element to be considered. The World Bank has been involved in mining since , mainly through grants from its International Bank for Reconstruction and Development , with the Bank's Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency offering political risk insurance.
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These projects have been criticized, particularly the Ferro Carajas project of Brazil, begun in In the World Bank began to push for privatization of government-owned mining companies with a new set of codes, beginning with its report The Strategy for African Mining. These and other developments such as the Philippines Mining Act led the bank to publish a third report Assistance for Minerals Sector Development and Reform in Member Countries which endorsed mandatory environment impact assessments and attention to the concerns of the local population.
The codes based on this report are influential in the legislation of developing nations. The new codes are intended to encourage development through tax holidays, zero custom duties, reduced income taxes, and related measures. Safety has long been a concern in the mining business, especially in sub-surface mining. This disaster was surpassed only by the Benxihu Colliery accident in China on April 26, , which killed 1, miners. Government figures indicate that 5, Chinese miners die in accidents each year, while other reports have suggested a figure as high as 20, There are numerous occupational hazards associated with mining, including exposure to rockdust which can lead to diseases such as silicosis , asbestosis , and pneumoconiosis.
Gases in the mine can lead to asphyxiation and could also be ignited. Mining equipment can generate considerable noise, putting workers at risk for hearing loss. Cave-ins , rock falls , and exposure to excess heat are also known hazards. Noise studies have been conducted in several mining environments. Stageloaders dBA , shearers dBA , auxiliary fans dBA , continuous mining machines dBA , and roof bolters dBA represent some of the noisiest equipment in underground coal mines.
Proper ventilation , hearing protection , and spraying equipment with water are important safety practices in mines. The largest underground mine is Kiirunavaara Mine in Kiruna , Sweden. This, however, is not a matter of mining but rather related to scientific drilling.
During the 20th century, the variety of metals used in society grew rapidly. Today, the development of major nations such as China and India and advances in technologies are fueling an ever-greater demand. An example is the in-use stock of copper. The report's authors observed that the metal stocks in society can serve as huge mines above ground.
However, they warned that the recycling rates of some rare metals used in applications such as mobile phones, battery packs for hybrid cars, and fuel cells are so low that unless future end-of-life recycling rates are dramatically stepped up these critical metals will become unavailable for use in modern technology.
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As recycling rates are low and so much metal has already been extracted, some landfills now contain a higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Underground mining soft rock and Underground mining hard rock. For other uses, see Mining disambiguation. The extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. Mining in Roman Britain. Mining and metallurgy in medieval Europe. Cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines. This section does not cite any sources.
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