In several European countries, exhibitions and international conferences were organised.
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The Netherlands saw an interdisciplinary conference celebrating the anniversary of the Munster treaty of 30 January whereby the Spanish king finally recognised to sovereignty of the Republic. This conference was already held in August , at Nijmegen and Kleef2. Most conferences however focused on the two other main peace treaties signed in 1 , without neglecting the Dutch-Spanish peace: These two treaties, that were similar in the matter of the constitutional and religious settlement in the Empire, marked the end of the Thirty Years War and led to the pacification of the Empire.
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The Paris conference of September organised by the French Ministery of Foreign Affairs should certainly be mentioned. At Madrid, some 15 European embassies organised a series of lectures through the year 3. In Germany, there were two important conferences.
By the end of , papers from some of the different workshops will be published. The scope of the conference was not limited to the history of the Westphalia peace congress, but the papers dealt with the whole context of the Thirty Years War as well. Two years before, an. The conference was organised by professor Heinz Duchhardt Mainz University 4. As the subtitle suggests, the Westphalia peace congress and its historical significance is studied from different angles. The second part assembles no less than 15 papers dealing with the diplomatic negotiations at the peace congress seen from the point of view of 1 2 different powers, among which even Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
The third part covers some questions concerning the princes, territories and estates of the Empire, from the greater principalities such as the duke of Bavaria and the elector of Brandenburg to the imperial knights of the Reichsritterschaft. In all, these second and third parts of the book offer the most extensive and best analysis and survey of the diplomatic activities during the Westphalia peace congress since Fritz Dickmann's monography, first published in 5.
As could be expected from a conference organised by Heinz Duchhardt, more justice is done to the international dimension of the Thirty Years War and the peace congress than German historiography often does.
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The German tradition tends to overstress the German character of the war. Three papers deal with the French diplomacy in Westphalia. According to Repgen the article was nothing more than a gentlemen's agreement and therefore not legally binding. Over the past decades, the former negative assessment of Mazarin as an international politician was radically changed, culminating in a myth of Mazarin as a. Both authors try to disentangle the connection between the internal political struggles of the Fronde in France and the French international politics.
Sonnino seems not be convinced of a consistency in Mazarin's policies and suggests that French interests were twarthed by the tensions within the French delegation. This view must be confronted with Derek Croxton's recently published thesis wherein Mazarin's policies at the congress appears as being consistent7. Two contributions on military history form the fourth part of the conference proceedings.
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There is a paper by Bernhard Sicken on the significance of the Thirty Years War for the evolution towards standing armies, and a paper by Bernhard R. Kroener on the problem of demobilisation. In this article, the astonishing carreer of the Scottish mercenary Andreas de Melville, who from to fought all over Europe, is vividly described. The fifth part is much more extensive and is the most heterogeneous of the book. It is titled "Kulturelles Umfeld und Rezeptionsgeschichte". Kursachsen bis " , Klaus Garber "Sprachspiel und Friedensfeier.
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Die deutsche Literatur des The lh anniversary of the Westphalia peace treaties has greatly stimulated research on the diplomatic, military and cultural history of the Thirty Years War and the peace process of the 's. The revival of political and international political historiography of the last three decades, particularly in Germany, was caused by a broader approach of these fields, interconnecting them with cultural and intellectual history. For someone who is not familiar with legal history or international law, it might be astonishing to learn that this juridical analysis is maybe one of the most original contributions to the book.
One would expect it to be a field of research long exhausted.
The truth is far from this. For almost three centuries, it has been accepted that the Wespphalia peace treaties stand at the very beginning of the modern international law system, based on state sovereignty and equality. To many international lawyers and theorists, legal and political historians the two peace treaties of October introduced the concepts of state sovereignty and the balance of power in international law, and were the final step towards the secularisation of. The peace treaties are often referred to as the very constitution of the modern states system.
Kontakt Hilfe Portalsuche Impressum. Dezember nach neuem oder Tag des Monats Juli nach neuem oder der 1. Nachdem diese den Beistand Gottes angerufen und ihre Vollmachten [S. Portalsuche Kontakt Hilfe Portalsuche Impressum. Pfalz] und Neuburg in Bezug [S. Auf der anderen Seite sollen sie jedoch verpflichtet sein, dem Herrn Karl Ludwig und dessen Nachfolgern als ihrem Lehnsherren den Lehnseid iuramentum fidelitatis zu leisten und von ihm [und seinen Nachfolgern] die Erneuerung ihrer Lehen feudorum suorum renovationem zu suchen.
Auf beiden Seiten bleiben die sowohl auf Grund der am 7. Auch den Grafen von Leiningen-Daxburg bleiben alle Rechte vorbehalten, die ihnen in der genannten Grafschaft Saarwerden zustehen. Das Einnehmeramt soll aus drei Personen bestehen, von denen [S. Sollten aber irgendwo [S. Januar vorhanden waren. Zu diesen Nebenrechten werden gerechnet: Januar zustanden, sollen ohne jede Einrede absque ulla exceptione entrichtet werden. Januar des Jahres zustanden; hingegen [S. Desgleichen sollen den Stiftern, die am 1. Sollte aber auch hier das Votum unterschiedlich ausfallen, soll die Anrufung des Reichstages wegfallen und der Rechtsstreit nach der Reichskammergerichtsordnung entschieden werden.
Einer abwechselnd von beiden Kreisen. Franken 2, Schwaben 2, Oberrhein 2, Westfalen 2. Einer abwechselnd von allen vier Kreisen. Sollten aber weniger evangelische Domherrn vorhanden sein, als der vierte Teil des gesamten Konvents mit Ausnahme [S. Gegen dieses Zahlungsversprechen [S. Diejenigen aber, die ihren Anteil termingerecht gezahlt haben, sollen sogleich von aller Verpflichtung frei sein. Wer dem zuwiderhandelt, soll des Friedensbruches angeklagt werden rei sit fractae pacis.
Oktober im Jahre Christi Von beiden Urkunden sind vier Originalausfertigungen hergestellt und bei der feierlichen Vertragsunterzeichnung am Der erste Abdruck beider Vertragsinstrumente mit kaiserlichem und kurmainzischem Privileg erschien in Frankfurt am Main bei Philipp Jakob Fischer und beruhte nach eigener Mitteilung des Herausgebers auf einer Abschrift der im Mainzer Reichsdirektorium hinterlegten Originalausfertigungen. Jahrhundert erschienen, der erste von H. Vast auf der Grundlage der Pariser Ausfertigung, der zweite von F.
Philippi nach den in Wien lagernden Originalausfertigungen. Brauchbare Ausgaben beider Vertragsurkunden finden sich bei K.