In , the Bavarian novelist Maximilian Schmidt organized another parade with 1, participants in traditional costume groups. Since , this parade is organized annually and has become one of the highlights of the Oktoberfest and one of the worlds largest parades of its kind. On the first festival Sunday, participants march in the parade in their historic festival costumes from the Maximilianeum on a seven kilometer stretch to the festival grounds. The clubs and groups come mostly out of Bavaria, but also from other German states, Austria , Switzerland , Northern Italy and other European countries.
Only beer conforming to the Reinheitsgebot , and brewed within the city limits of Munich, can be served at the Munich Oktoberfest. Beers meeting these criteria are designated Oktoberfest Beer. The breweries that can produce Oktoberfest beer under the aforementioned criteria are: Oktoberfest Beer is a registered trademark by the Club of Munich Brewers, which consists of the above six breweries.
"Flugverbot" English translation
The Oktoberfest is known as the largest Volksfest folk festival in the World. In there were six and a half million visitors [27] to the 42 hectare Theresienwiese. Besides the Oktoberfest, there are other public festivals that take place at the same location. After the Oktoberfest the next largest public fairs in Germany are the Cannstatter Volksfest in Stuttgart with about 4. In recent years, the Oktoberfest runs for 16 days with the last day being the first Sunday in October. However, if day 16 falls before 3 October German Unity Day , then the festival will continue until the 3rd.
Technical accidents have rarely occurred throughout Oktoberfest history. On 30 September , there was a collision on the Euro Star roller coaster, which injured 30, and was caused by a worn safety brake that went unnoticed during inspection. To reduce the number of thefts, fights, and sexual assault cases during Oktoberfest, the protection measures for visitors have improved in recent years. In , a new service center was placed in the authorities court, in which the police, the Munich Fire Department , medical services, and a department of district administration is located.
During the Oktoberfest, a police station specifically for the festival is installed, and can be reached with the emergency number Due to the numerous Italian visitors to the Oktoberfest, since officers from Bolzano , Italy are also present. For decades now, the Bavarian Red Cross has been responsible for the medical service at the Oktoberfest. Additional medical services are located in the Fischer Vroni tent Aicher Ambulance , and the Munich U-Bahn has commissioned additional backups in the rapid transit station Theresienwiese provided by the Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe.
In the authorities court, an ambulance and miniature hospital, complete with operating theater , are readily available. During the Oktoberfest, additional emergency vehicles are on the alert at the control centers, and extra staff is on hand in case they are needed.
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In , as a "measure to public safety", a dog and animal ban was put into place. The safety concepts of the event have been modified and adapted continuously over the past decades:. The Oktoberfest is powered via 43 kilometers of cable and 18 partially underground transformer stations. The Oktoberfest's power consumption totals approximately 2. A large marquee requires an average of kilowatts, and kilowatts is required for bigger rides.
To supply the tents with natural gas, a four-kilometer long network of gas lines was built. The gas consumption amounts to , cubic meters for the kitchens of various catering establishments, and 20, cubic meters to heat the beer gardens. Because even a short power outage could lead to panic, all power supplies are redundant and fed separately. Even the lights of the individual marquees are supplied from two different substations.
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Despite all the precautions, on 25 September , several hours of power failure occurred after a cable channel had been flooded due to heavy rains. Since the power outage occurred in the morning, there were service shortages in the catering areas, but no panic resulted. To ensure sufficient capacity of cellular networks , each year several mobile masts are set up in the lawn areas surrounding the festival. Especially at night, the U- and S-Bahn trains are full.
The underground station, Theresienwiese , has trains arriving at rush hour in three-minute intervals. The station occasionally needs to be closed due to overcrowding after the closure of the beer tents. There are significant negative effects pertaining to traffic. Since numerous festival goers make their way home by car despite having consumed alcohol, the Bavarian State Police carries out large-scale DUI controls. The city ring roads and highways around Munich are periodically blocked to allow only one lane of through traffic, which leads to massive traffic congestion.
Especially during the middle weekend of the festival, many Italians arrive with caravans this weekend is therefore referred to by the residents of Munich as "Italian weekend". In response, the government imposes camping bans in many parts of the city. At the same time, special parking outside the city is established, which can be reached by public transportation. Large parking areas are available, for example, close to the Allianz Arena. Nevertheless, the parking situation around the festival grounds is critical.
As a consequence, the effort for controls and towing services is substantial. They are now found outside of the security ring further away from the fairground. The mountains of trash are hauled away and the ways cleanly washed down each morning. The cleaning is paid for in part by the city of Munich and in part by the sponsors. In the queues outside the toilets became so long that the police had to regulate access. To keep traffic moving through the toilets, men headed for the toilets were directed first to the urinals giant enclosed grates if they only needed to urinate. Approximately 1, toilets and urinals are available today.
Many guests visit the quiet stalls to use their mobile phones. For this reason, there were plans in to install a Faraday cage around the toilets or to use Mobile phone jammers to prevent telephoning with those devices. Jamming devices are, however, illegal in Germany, and Faraday cages made of copper would have been too expensive, so these ambitious plans were dropped, and signs were placed instead, warning toilet users not to use cellular phones in the stalls. There are currently fourteen large tents and twenty small tents at the Oktoberfest. The tents are wooden [37] non-permanent structures which are constructed for and only used during the festival.
The beer or wine served in each is in the accompanying table. Chairoplane at the Oktoberfest, Paulskirche in the back. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Oktoberfest - Wikipedia
This article is about the original festival in Munich. For Oktoberfest celebrations around the world, see Oktoberfest celebrations. For other uses, see Oktoberfest disambiguation. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
Oktoberfest
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