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Matt, a Londoner who has recently set up his own company, had just arrived home at 7pm when the phone rang and someone with an Indian accent asked for him by name, quoting his address. There have been downloads of malware and spyware, and they're slowing down your computer. He went along with the caller's demands to log into a website and enter a six-digit code into his computer.


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It took about half an hour. The caller could not have obtained Matt's name via HP or PC World, where he bought the machine, because he gave his business address, not his home address, during the purchase. This suggests that the caller was using the phonebook to find names. Patrick McCarthy, who lives in Dublin, received a call from one of the companies — but they addressed him by the name of the apartment block where he lives instead of his own name, a longstanding error in the Irish phone book.

Often, the victims are inexperienced or elderly, convinced by the apparent authority of the callers and the worrying contents of the Event Viewer.

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In fact, such "errors" are not indicative of any problems. Investigators who have spoken to the Guardian on condition of anonymity say that one man, based in the city of Kota in Rajasthan, is behind the centres running the scams. He has provided fake documentation to a number of payment companies including PayPal and Alertpay, a Montreal-based online payment company, to set up accounts which route money to a bank account in Kota with Axis Bank. Though people on dozens of web forums have recorded their experiences with the scammers, police and trading standards officers in the UK are powerless to stop them.

That means that the calls connect internationally, but cost the scammers almost nothing when anyone calls them. In the same way, it costs them virtually nothing to make the calls because the international part of the call goes via the internet. Each edition of Windows 8 includes all of the capabilities and features of the edition below it, and add additional features oriented towards their market segments.

This license also includes Windows Media Center. Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows 8 was distributed at retail in "Upgrade" licenses only, which require an existing version of Windows to install. The "full version software" SKU, which was more expensive but could be installed on computers without an eligible OS or none at all, was discontinued. Retail distribution of Windows 8 has since been discontinued in favor of Windows 8. Pricing for these new copies remain identical.

The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support bit and bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation.

Microsoft started moving away from this architecture after Windows The bit version runs on CPUs compatible with x86 8th generation known as x , or x64 or newer, and can run bit and bit programs. Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system such as a special version of Office , supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture.

Windows RT does not support running IA or x64 applications.

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Following the unveiling of Windows 8, Microsoft faced criticism particularly from free software supporters for mandating that devices receiving its optional certification for Windows 8 have secure boot enabled by default using a key provided by Microsoft. Concerns were raised that secure boot could prevent or hinder the use of alternate operating systems such as Linux. In a post discussing secure boot on the Building Windows 8 blog, Microsoft developer Tony Mangefeste indicated that vendors would provide means to customize secure boot, stating that "At the end of the day, the customer is in control of their PC.

Microsoft's philosophy is to provide customers with the best experience first, and allow them to make decisions themselves. It also revealed that ARM devices Windows RT would be required to have secure boot permanently enabled, with no way for users to disable it. However, Tom Warren of The Verge noted that other vendors have implemented similar hardware restrictions on their own ARM-based tablet and smartphone products including those running Microsoft's own Windows Phone platform , but still argued that Microsoft should "keep a consistent approach across ARM and x86, though, not least because of the number of users who'd love to run Android alongside Windows 8 on their future tablets.

Several notable video game developers criticized Microsoft for making its Windows Store a closed platform subject to its own regulations, as it conflicted with their view of the PC as an open platform. Markus "Notch" Persson creator of the indie game Minecraft , [] Gabe Newell co-founder of Valve Corporation and developer of software distribution platform Steam , [] and Rob Pardo from Activision Blizzard voiced concern about the closed nature of the Windows Store.

Reviews of the various editions of Windows 8 have been mixed to negative. Tom Warren of The Verge said that although Windows 8's emphasis on touch computing was significant and risked alienating desktop users, he felt that Windows 8 tablets "[make] an iPad feel immediately out of date" due to the capabilities of the operating system's hybrid model and increased focus on cloud services.

Pierce also considered the Start Screen to be a "brilliant innovation for desktop computers" when compared with "folder-littered desktops on every other OS" because it allows users to interact with dynamic information. Other improvements and features such as File History, Storage Spaces, and the updated Task Manager were also regarded as positive changes.

Bright also said that Windows 8's duality towards tablets and traditional PCs was an "extremely ambitious" aspect of the platform as well, but criticized Microsoft for emulating Apple 's model of a closed distribution platform when implementing the Windows Store. The interface of Windows 8 has been the subject of negative reaction. Bright wrote that its system of hot corners and edge swiping "wasn't very obvious" due to the lack of instructions provided by the operating system on the functions accessed through the user interface, even by the video tutorial added on the RTM release which only instructed users to point at corners of the screen or swipe from its sides.

Despite this " stumbling block ", Bright said that Windows 8's interface worked well in some places, but began to feel incoherent when switching between the "Metro" and desktop environments, sometimes through inconsistent means. He noted that while forcing all users to use the new touch-oriented interface was a risky move for Microsoft as a whole, it was necessary in order to push development of apps for the Windows Store. In , Frank X. Shaw, a Microsoft corporate vice president, said that while many of the negative reviews were extreme, it was a "good thing" that Microsoft was "listening to feedback and improving a product".

Microsoft says that 4 million users upgraded to Windows 8 over the weekend after its release, [] [] which CNET says was well below Microsoft's internal projections and was described inside the company as disappointing. On November 27, , Microsoft announced that it has sold 40 million licenses of Windows 8 in the first month, surpassing the pace of Windows 7.

However, according to research firm NPD, sales of devices running Windows in the United States have declined 21 percent compared to the same time period in Windows 8 surpassed Windows Vista in market share with a 5. Windows 8's tablet market share has also been growing steadily, with 7.

However, this is still well below Android and iOS , which posted This matched sales of Windows 7 over a similar period. In January , Hewlett-Packard began a promotion for desktops running Windows 7, saying that it was "back by popular demand".

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Outside sources have suggested that this might be because HP or its customers thought the Windows 8 platform would be more appropriate for mobile computing than desktop computing, or that they were looking to attract customers forced to switch from XP who wanted a more familiar interface. Microsoft had similarly cut the price of Windows XP licenses to compete against the early waves of Linux-based netbooks.

Some media outlets falsely reported that the SKU associated with this plan, "Windows 8.

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On the information gathered by Net Applications, adoption rate in March for Windows 8. In May , the Government of China banned the internal purchase of Windows 8-based products under government contracts requiring "energy-efficient" devices.


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The story featured an interview with Ni Guangnan, who stated that operating systems could aggregate "sensitive user information" that could be used to "understand the conditions and activities of our national economy and society", and alleged that per documents leaked by Edward Snowden , the U. Yang Min, a computer scientist at Fudan University , also stated that "the security features of Windows 8 are basically to the benefit of Microsoft, allowing them control of the users' data, and that poses a big challenge to the national strategy for information security. A feature update to Windows 8 known as Windows 8.

Windows 8's stock apps were also updated, a new Bing -based unified search system was added, SkyDrive was given deeper integration with the operating system, and a number of new stock apps, along with a tutorial, were added.

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Microsoft markets Windows 8. This requires an 8. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Closed-source Source-available through Shared Source Initiative [1]. Windows 8 is unsupported as of January 12, ; users must install Windows 8. Features new to Windows 8. List of features removed in Windows 8. Microsoft portal Software portal. Retrieved October 28, Retrieved January 8, Retrieved September 17, Retrieved October 21, Retrieved March 24, Retrieved August 6, Windows 8 Consumer Preview".

Archived from the original on February 6, Retrieved April 27, Retrieved May 21, Windows to run on ARM chips, says Microsoft". Retrieved November 21, Archived from the original on April 7, Retrieved January 5, Retrieved March 30, Retrieved December 28, Retrieved February 28, Archived from the original on March 7, Retrieved September 8, Archived from the original PDF on October 7, Retrieved September 16, Retrieved February 29, Retrieved May 29, Retrieved May 5, Retrieved February 18, Retrieved April 5, Microsoft unveils consumer preview".

Retrieved March 1, Retrieved March 4, Retrieved June 11, Retrieved October 27, Retrieved August 5, Retrieved August 1, Come 'celebrate' Windows 8 on Oct.

Windows 8 - Wikipedia

Retrieved July 18, Retrieved August 9, Retrieved August 16, Microsoft UK Faculty Connection. Retrieved August 24, What you can expect from Windows 8 RTM". Retrieved August 27, Mail, Calendar, People And Messaging". Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows. Retrieved August 22, Retrieved October 26, Retrieved November 3, Retrieved January 27, Retrieved April 10, Microsoft Certified Professional Magazine.


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