Die Abwaerme wird in den Kaeltezentralen durch Kaskadenschaltung mehrfach genutzt. Der erzeugte Prozessdampf wird in die Gasturbinen der GuD-Anlage eingeduest und so zur zusaetzlichen Stromerzeugung genutzt. Contribution of selected protectorates to the climate protection and its monetary evaluation. Final report; Beitrag ausgewaehlter Schutzgebiete zum Klimaschutz und dessen monetaere Bewertung. In Germany, large-scale nature conservation projects have the task to protect and develop the nature and landscape.
The authors of the contribution under consideration report on an evaluation how far federal funds or EU funds has contributed to the nature protection targets as well as to the climate protection targets. The modelling of the climate relevance of the areas before and after restoration measures derived for all four areas a significant reduction of the emissions. The averaged up to date reduction span between nearly 4 to Advanced computational methods for the assessment of reactor core behaviour during reactivity initiated accidents.
Final report; Fortschrittliche Rechenmethoden zum Kernverhalten bei Reaktivitaetsstoerfaellen. The work performed in the framework of this project was dedicated to the development, validation and application of advanced computational methods for the simulation of transients and accidents of nuclear installations. These simulation tools describe in particular the behavior of the reactor core with respect to neutronics, thermal-hydraulics and thermal mechanics at a very high level of detail. This computational chain shall primarily be deployed for light water reactors LWR , but should beyond that also be applicable for innovative reactor concepts.
Thus, validation on computational benchmarks and critical experiments was of paramount importance. Finally, appropriate methods for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis were to be integrated into the computational framework, in order to assess and quantify the uncertainties due to insufficient knowledge of data, as well as due to methodological aspects. Experimental investigations of the geomechanical behaviour of plastic sealing sheets for sealing dumps.
Final report; Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum geomechanischen Verhalten von Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen in Dichtungssystemen fuer Deponiebasisabdichtungen. Due to more severe environmental requirements, dumps have to be largely sealed to prevent harmful substances escaping into the environment and according to the state of technology, this is done by the combination of clay and plastic sealing tracks.
Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics Tropenzentrum. Report 2008/2009
With the aid of a large number of experiments, minimum requirements were determined, which should serve to define the geo-mechanical properties of the plastic sealing sheets and to determine binding limits. Mit Hilfe einer groesseren Anzahl von Versuchen wurden Mindestanforderungen bestimmt, die dazu dienen sollen, geomechanische Eigenschaften der Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen zu definieren und verbindliche Grenzwerte festzulegen. Hydrogen as an energy carrier. Final report; Wasserstoff als Energietraeger. This final report of the Special Field of Research SFB documents the work and results of the four promotion phases from to , presented in reports on 15 part-projects.
From its inception, SFB , which bears the title ''Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier'', has been dedicated to two fields of work: The scientific results of the part-projects have also been presented in detail in the progress reports and interim reports of , and Some of them have also been presented at the colloquiums of SFB Sie sind in den Berichten von 15 Teilprojekten wiedergegeben.
Der Sonderforschungsbereich 'Wasserstoff als Energietraeger' hat sich von Anfang an zwei Aufgabengebieten gewidmet: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Teilprojekte sind ausfuehrlich auch in den Arbeits- und Ergebnisberichten , und wiedergegeben. Zu viel Salz verdirbt den Boden. Sie sind nur durch hohen Aufwand und Kosten wieder renaturierbar. Jahrestag der Oktoberrevolution, Op. Vom Historismus bis zum Jugendstil. Architektur und bildende Kunst im Baltikum um Das migrationspolitische Feld der Schweiz: Die wichtigsten Resultate der Analyse sind die folgenden: GaAs thin film solar cells.
Final report; Duennschicht-Solarzellen aus Galliumarsenid; Abschlussbericht. This R and D project focused on the development of materials and technologies for the production of GaAs solar cells on GaAs and other substrates. Three subjects were gone into on particular: Material preparation epitaxy , solar cell technology, characterisation of materials and processes. Materialpraeparation Epitaxie , Solarzellentechnologie, sowie Material- und Prozesscharakterisierung. The influence of advanced generations of equipment of information- and communication technology on the energy consumption in Germany up to the year - possibilities to increase energy efficiency and -conservation in this domains.
Summary of final report. Annex; Der Einfluss moderner Geraetegenerationen der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik auf den Energieverbrauch in Deutschland bis zum Jahr - Moeglichkeiten zur Erhoehung der Energieeffizienz und zur Energieeinsparung in diesen Bereichen. Summary of the final report. For , this study ascertained an electricity demand of 38 TWh for ICT end-use appliances in households and offices and their associated infrastructure.
The stock of appliances and systems of ICT infrastructure will grow noticeably and since these devices, such as servers or mobile communications systems, are continuously operated, the consumption growth in normal mode is the strongest. The consumption in standby mode shows an increasing tendency, most notably up to the middle of the decade, whereas it decreases in off-mode. However, this has less to do with efforts for greater efficiency and more to do with the expected substitution of the off- by the standby mode especially in televisions.
Da die meisten der im Bestand deutlich wachsenden Geraete und Anlagen der IuK-Infrastruktur wie Server oder Mobilfunkanlagen dauerhaft in Betrieb sind, faellt damit auch der Verbrauchszuwachs im Normalbetrieb am staerksten aus.
Der Verbrauch im Bereitschaftsbetrieb zeigt vor allem bis Mitte des Jahrzehnts noch eine steigende Tendenz, waehrend er im Schein-Aus-Zustand ruecklaeufig ist. Dies ist allerdings weniger auf Effizienzanstrengungen als auf eine erwartete Substitution des Schein-Aus- durch den Bereitschaftsbetrieb insbesondere bei Fernsehern zurueckzufuehren. Full Text Available In Deutschland zeichnet sich bereits vor Schuleintritt im Bereich der literarischen und medialen Sozialisation eine Bildungsbenachteiligung ab.
Vor allem Kinder aus bildungsfernen Milieus und mit Migrationshintergrund sind hiervon betroffen vgl. Durch kreative Medienarbeit soll ein Gegengewicht zur eher passiven Mediennutzung geschaffen werden. Ziel ist es Bildungsunterschiede von Kindern bereits vor Schulbeginn auszugleichen.
Already before starting school educational disadvantages in the part of reading and media socialization can be identified within Germany. Therefore, an exceptional intervention and research project KidSmart — media competence by entering school was initiated in the area of early childhood education. Within this project media-pedagogical work is corresponding with preparation of entering school.
The intention is to create a counterbalance to passive media use by creative media work. The scope of the project is to fight against early educational disadvantages. Ein Praxisbericht aus der Mongolei. Dabei wird der Schwerpunkt auf die wichtigsten Entdeckungen und Entwicklungen, beispielsweise der Quantenfeldtheorie, der Eichtheorien und die Zukunft der Teilchenphysik, gelegt. Optimisation of solar collector foils with transparent thermal insulation.
Final report; Optimierung von transparent waermegedaemmten Folien-Speicherkollektoren. The report describes storage collector foils which are used as hybrid systems. State of the art - solar test facility - tests on small test collectors - cost reduction. Zum Entwicklungsstand und zu Entwicklungsproblemen unserer Jugend - Weiterhin nehme die Rezeption westlicher Rundfunk- und Fernsehsendungen immer mehr zu, jedoch sei es verbo Denn zum einen haben neuere Theorieen Development of a process for a better biological degradation of dangerous substance by using tensid in the wastewater treatment.
Final report; Tensideinsatz - Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zum verbesserten biologischen Abbau gefaehrlicher Stoffe bei der Abwasserreinigung durch Tensideinsatz. In this Project in an interdisciplinary cooperation the influence of tensides on the performance improvement of biochemical decomposition of persistent substances has been investigated.
During the first part of the project Prof. Raebiger two continously supplied experimental plants were built. These two plants, using activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant, were run simultaneously with and without tensides respectively. The investigations show, that the results in regard to the decomposition rate are better from the plant operated with tenside. Also, the decomposition rate in relation to the total solids content has shown to be better in the plant run with tenside in comparison to the plant without tenside.
This was especially relevant during simulated malfunctions. In project part II Prof. Fischer further investigations into the influence of tensids on the microbial decomposition of pollutants have been conducted using the adapted microorganism cultures taken from the experimental reactors. Investigations using activated sludge flakes and a monoculture in a batchprocess have shown an increased growth in the presence of the investigated tensids. A variation in the pollutant concentration as well as the addition of the tensid Bioversal to the nutrient medias yielded hints for the optimization of the culture conditions.
Leibfritz an extraction process was optimized in order to meet the requirements of the bacteria cultures and the objective of the project. Among other things, the influence of the tensids on the decomposition speed of the pollutants has been demonstrated in the course of this examinations. The findings gathered from this joint project regarding the use of tensids for improved decomposition of persistent substances, particularly during malfunctions and strong changes in the concentration, can be transposed into technical application in the future. Analytic studies on pollutant deposition through domestic coal combustion - influence of the current structural change on pollution in an urban region.
Final report; Analytische Untersuchungen zum Schadstoffeintrag durch den Hausbrand - Auswirkungen des gegenwaertigen Strukturwandels auf die urbane Belastungssituation. In the present paper the author reports on the continuation of an OEKOR part project in which he had undertaken a chemical characterisation of emissions from domestic brown coal combustion. On the basis of a partitioning by land use of the Greater Leipzig region he initiated long-term observations of local pollution levels for the various structural types of land.
The aim of the work was to facilitate a comprehensive analysis of local air quality in terms of VOC levels. The current concern about VOCs results from the toxicological risk they have been proven to pose to the human organism and from their relevance to the chemistry of the atmosphere e.
The task to be accomplished was broken down into the following main steps: Development and trial of a sampling and analysis method for determining an as wide a spectrum of environmental VOCs as possible; elaboration of a measuring strategy for obtaining results of high representativeness and power; installation and operation of pollution monitoring sites in selected structural types of area characteristic of Leipzig; execution of measuring campaigns of several weeks each at selected sites during both winter and summer periods.
Das verstaerkte Interesse an diesen Verbindungen resultiert aus dem fuer eine Reihe von VOC belegten toxikologischen Gefahrenpotential fuer den menschlichen Organismus sowie ihrer atmosphaerenchemischen Relevanz u. Hieraus ergaben sich fuer das Teilprojekt die folgenden methodischen Schwerpunkte: Studies on the turnover and properties of dump groundwaters in brown coal mining areas and possibilities of influencing them. Final report; Untersuchungen zum Stoffumsatz und zur Beschaffenheit der Kippengrundwaesser in Braunkohlebergbaugebieten und Moeglichkeiten zu deren Beeinflussung.
Compared with the untreated variant the lowering of pH in the further course of the experiment led to a slight Fe III mobilisation and hence, through interaction with other reduction processes, to erratic changes in the share of Fe II in total Fe. Although this sediment showed a relatively low iron concentration a comparison showed that higher pH values and incubation temperatures have an influence on microbial iron reduction.
Obwohl in diesem Sediment nur vergleichsweise niedrige Eisenkonzentrationen vorliegen, ergab ein Vergleich, dass hoehere pH-Werte und Inkubationtemperaturen die mikrobielle Eisenreduktion beeinflussen. Generic study on the relation between contamination if primary coolants and occupational radiation exposure in nuclear power plants with PWR. Final report; Generische Studie zum Zusammenhang zwischen Kontamination von Primaerkreislaufmedien und beruflicher Strahlenexposition bei Kernkraftwerken mit Druckwasserreaktor.
A generic model for the primary cooling system contamination in pressurized water reactors and the resulting radiological consequences has been developed. The functional capability was demonstrated by means of three examples concerning manipulation procedures during revision outages. Activities at the main reactor coolant pumps were studied and the influence of the coolant contamination on the resulting dose rates and collective doses were calculated. The effect of a Co hot spot in a more remote area on the radiation exposure during the specific action at the reactor pumps was considered.
Study on the safety during transport of radioactive materials. Final report work package 6; Untersuchungen zur Sicherheit bei der Befoerderung radioaktiver Stoffe. Ereignisse bei der Befoerderung. Abschlussbericht zum Arbeitspaket 6. This report presents the results from a data collection and an evaluation of the safety significance of events in the transportation of radioactive material by all modes on public routes in Germany.
Systems for reporting and evaluation of the safety significance of events encountered in the transport of radioactive material are a central element in monitoring and judging the adequacy and effectiveness of the transport regulations and their underlying safety philosophy, this allows for revision by experience feedback lessons learned.
The nationwide survey performed covering the period from the mid s through identified and analysed a total of transport events varying in type and severity. The vast majority of recorded transport events relate to minor deviations from the provisions of the transport regulations e.
Severe traffic accidents and fires represented only a small fraction ca. Four transport events were identified in the reporting period to have given rise to environmental radioactive releases. Three transport events have reportedly resulted in minor radiation exposures to the transport personnel; in one case an exposure in excess of the statutory annual dose limit for the public seems possible. Based on the EVTRAM scale, with seven significance levels, the broad majority of transport events has been classified as ''non-incidents'' Level 0 and ''events without affecting the safety functions of the package'' Level 1.
The survey results show no serious deficiencies in the transport of radioactive material, supporting the conclusion that a high level of safety and protection is ensured by the existing regulatory requirements. However, there is potential for improvement notably through avoiding common administrative deviations that could be rectified by training and qualification of the involved transport personnel.
Otherwise, harmonising and consolidating of transport event reports would be a preferable future goal. Development of a method for the detection of heavy metal discharges into the sewer system. Methodenentwicklung zum einfachen Nachweis schwermetallhaltiger Einleitungen ins oeffentliche Kanalnetz mittels Sielhautuntersuchungen. Very often the agricultural use of municipal sludges is inhibited due to heavy metals contents, that exceed the values of the municipal sludge decree Klaerschlammverordnung.
This sludge contamination can only be reduced, if heavy metal containing run-offs are avoided. An effective method for registration and control of the waste water run-offs is therefore necessary. The analysis of sewer slime, a biofilm, that grows on the inner surface of waste water canals is a successful method to localize heavy metal laden run-offs.
In this paper the results of the biological and the chemical analysis of several sewer slimes of different origins are presented. The accumulation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in sewer slimes at different chemical conditions pH, metal and slime concentrations is investigated. The affinity of the slime towards metals decreases in the following way: The attachment of the metals on the biomass is mostly irreversible. Ni and Zn also appear in more soluble species.
The remobilization of heavy metals is possible at acid conditions and in the presence of chelating agents. The growth of the biofilm depends on the nutrient content of the waste water and its flow rate. Reliability analysis and computation of computer-based safety instrumentation and control used in German nuclear power plant. Final report; Zuverlaessigkeitsuntersuchung und -berechnung rechnerbasierter Sicherheitsleittechnik zum Einsatz in deutschen Kernkraftwerken.
The trend of technological advancement in the field of safety instrumentation and control I and C leads to increasingly frequent use of computer-based digital control systems which consisting of distributed, connected bus communications computers and their functionalities are freely programmable by qualified software. The advantages of the new I and C system over the old I and C system with hard-wired technology are e.
On the other hand, skeptics see the new technology with the computer-based I and C a higher potential by influences of common cause failures CCF , and the easier manipulation by sabotage IT Security. In this joint research project funded by the Federal Ministry for Economical Affaires and Energy BMWi , FJZ the Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg and Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences are therefore trying to develop suitable methods for the demonstration of the reliability of the new instrumentation and control systems with the focus on the investigation of CCF.
This expertise of both houses shall be extended to this area and a scientific contribution to the sound reliability judgments of the digital safety I and C in domestic and foreign nuclear power plants. First, the state of science and technology will be worked out through the study of national and international standards in the field of functional safety of electrical and I and C systems and accompanying literature. On the basis of the existing nuclear Standards the deterministic requirements on the structure of the new digital I and C system will be determined.
The possible methods of reliability modeling will be analyzed and compared. A suitable method called multi class binomial failure rate MCFBR which was successfully used in safety valve applications will be extended according to cope with special needs of the digital safety I and C system. The new modelling method based on fault tree analysis FTA combined with MCBFR model is provided and validated by a real example system from an industrial partner. The reliability data are taken from a platform specific data base of the industrial partner and an international generic data base.
The results demonstrate the applicability of the new approach although the modelling quality is strongly dependent on the observed failure cases from the plant operation. Therefore more failure data of safety I and C should be collected in the future. This report is the final project report. Chemical composition and optical properties of aerosols in the lower mixed layer and the free troposphere.
Centre for Agriculture in the Tropics and Subtropics Tropenzentrum. Report / PDF
Aerosol radiative forcing is the largest unknown in current climate models and, as a result, in predicting future climate. Accurate vertically-resolved measurements of aerosol optical properties are an important element of improved climate prediction IPCC. The present project has contributed to this objective. Jets of directly and remotely determined radiation data have been provided suitable to cut down the uncertainty of column- or layer related optical aerosol parameters.
Available analyses of size and chemical composition of sampled particles adjoined projects have been also taken into consideration. The retrieved parameters have served as an input for modelling the radiative transfer exactly for the real time of measurements. Closure procedures yielded finally realistic spectral scattering - and absorption coefficients typically for the lower troposphere in a mostly rural Central European region.
Wissenschaft und Technik bemuehen sich in sog. Im vorliegenden Projekt wurden aus verschiedenen passiven, spektralen Messungen von Streulicht und Transmission der Atmosphaere in verschiedenen Hoehen sowie aus der Beruecksichtigung von Partikelanalysen Dritter, Streu- und Absorptionskoeffizienten des Aerosols der gesamten Luftsaeule und in vertikaler Aufloesung abgeleitet. Strahlungstransportmodellierungen mit den gewonnenen Aerosolparametern als input engten ueber den Vergleich mit den Messungen deren Grad an Unbestimmtheit wesentlich ein und lieferten realistische Werte des Streu- und Absorptionsverhaltens resp.
Brechungsindex des Aerosols als Voraussetzung einer gleichfalls realistischen Modellierung ihres Einflusses auf Strahlungshaushalt und Klima von urban gering belasteten mitteleuropaeischen Regionen. Carsharing on the country. The present feasibility study about 'Car-sharing in rural areas' is the joint production of a project consortium from science and practice.
The consortium was composed of two chairs in the field of business management of the Carl von Ossietzky University Chair for general business management studies, company management and business-related environmental policy, Prof. Reinhard Pfriem and the Chair for general business management studies, sales and marketing, Prof. Becker as well as the federal association Carsharing bcs Martin Stutzbach.
The joint target of the working group members was to justify a 'model experiment Carsharing in rural areas' and to test it in terms of feasibility. The question whether the Carsharing concept can be transferred from conurbations to rural areas is supposed to be investigated in a most extensive scientific framework and at the same time closely oriented to the practice by means of a model experiment as research approach.
Becker sowie dem Bundesverband Carsharing bcs Martin Stutzbach. Gemeinsamens Ziel der Arbeitsgruppenmitglieder war es, einen 'Modellversuch Carsharing in der Flaeche' zu begruenden und hinsichtlich seiner Machbarkeit zu pruefen. Mit Hilfe eines solchen. Sloboda und Alf Gabrielsson.
In the context of the research project, work was done for HTSL-SQUID on 1 the development of a thermo-siphon cooler low fault and continuously working and 2 the development of a latent storage cooler low fault and discontinuously working. Two development versions of the latent storage cooler were followed up, the development of a spherical latent storage cooler and the development of an annular vessel latent storage cooler. A further precondition for the construction of the cooler was the use of split Stirling refrigerators as units producing the cold.
The experimental sample was built up with refrigerators which could produce a nominal cooling output of 1. Two samples of the thermo-siphon cooler were built, tested and improved. The thermo-siphon cooler can be designed for cooling output up to about 2 W at 80 K and can be used controlled for a temperature range of 90 K to 66 K. Die Versuchsmuster wurden mit Kaeltemaschinen aufgebaut, die eine Nennkuehlleistung von 1,2 W bei 80 K erzeugen konnten.
Der Thermosiphon-Kuehler wurde in zwei Musterexemplaren aufgebaut, erprobt und verbessert. From traditional locomotive engineers to automated train control; Vom triebfahrzeugfuehrergefuehrten Zug zum Fahrautomaten. Profitability and capacity in public guided transport must be increased. One option is automatic, driverless train control. There are many questions surrounding the legal, technical and operational aspects of automated control which need to be answered. These intrinsic aspects of the system will be presented and discussed. The various options leading to automatic train control as well as the necessary technical measures will also be presented.
Als Loesung bietet sich zukuenftig auch der automatische und fahrerlose Betrieb an. Das Fahren ohne Triebfahrzeugfuehrer wirft jedoch eine Vielzahl von Fragestellungen auf, die sowohl in juristischer, technischer und betrieblicher Hinsicht beantwortet werden muessen. Diese systemimmanenten Aspekte werden dargestellt und diskutiert. Anschliessend werden die Moeglichkeiten auf dem Weg zum Fahrautomaten aufgezeigt und die technischen Massnahmen zur Umsetzung des automatischen Fahrens erlaeutert.
Furthermore, geophysical studies for demonstrating paths of flow and for calculating the depth and volume of residual lakes from open-pit mining are discussed. Desweiteren werden geophysikalische Untersuchungen zum Nachweis von Fliesswegen und die Tiefen- und Volumenberechnung eines Tagebaurestlochsees erlaeutert.
Doch in den Schulen findet forschendes Lernen noch wenig Beachtung. Die Autoren sind sich einig: Procedure guideline for radioiodine test. Version; Verfahrensanweisung zum Radioiodtest. The version 2 of the procedure guideline for radioiodine test is an update of the guideline published in The following statements were added or modified: The procedure guideline discusses the pros and cons of a single measurement or of repeated measurements of the iodine uptake and their optimal timing.
Different formulas are described when one, two or three values of the radioiodine kinetic are available. The probe with a sodium iodide crystal, alternative or additionally the gamma-camera using the ROI-technique are instrumentations for the measurement of iodine uptake. A possible source of error is an inappropriate measurement sonography of the target volume.
The patients' preparation includes the withdrawal of antithyroid drugs days before radioiodine administration. The patient has to avoid iodine-containing medication and the possibility of additives of iodide in vitamin- or electrolyte-supplementation has to be considered. Diskutiert werden die Argumente fuer die ein- oder mehrmalige Uptake-Messung. Berechnungsformeln fuer ein, zwei und drei Messpunkte werden angegeben. Fehler bei der Volumetrie Sonographie des Zielvolumens gehen unmittelbar in die Berechnung der Therapieaktivitaet ein.
Zur Vorbereitung der Patienten wird ein Absetzen der thyreostatischen Medikation 2 bis 3 Tage vor dem Radioiodtest empfohlen. Moeglich Iod id zusaetze in Multivitamin- und Spurenelementkombinationen sollten bedacht werden. State of knowledge on pollutant decomposition and transport in natural soils; Literaturstudie zum Thema: Darstellung und Bewertung des Wissensstandes zum Schadstoffabbau und -transport in natuerlichen Boeden. The use of natural soils for low-cost removal of precipitated water and slightly polluted waste water has become an issue in legal procedures concerning water management.
Although groundwater protection is given high priority, authorities do not have sufficient data on long-term effects and decomposition effects during passage to the soil. The Hydrology Department of Brandenburgische Technische Universitaet Cottbus, on behalf of the Thuringian Environmental Authority, investigated the state of the art of discharge of precipitated water into natural soils. The investigation is the first in a series of which the following effects are expected: Faster results by preliminary assessment of the applicability of the technique envisaged, use of this low-cost technology for waste water treatment in consideration of surface water protection.
Der Schutz des Grundwassers ist dabei in besonderem Masse zu beachten. Die Einschaetzung der Eignung dieser Variante ist Behoerden aufgrund unzureichender Aussagen zum Langzeitverhalten und zu Abbaueffekten waehrend der Bodenpassage derzeit nicht moeglich. Die Literaturrecherche bildet den ersten Schritt einer Untersuchungsreihe, von der folgende Wirkungen erwartet werden: Verfahrensbeschleunigung durch Bewertbarkeit der Eignung der Behandlungsvariante, Nutzung dieser kostenguenstigen Umwelttechnologie zur Behandlung von Abwasser unter Beachtung des Gewaesserschutzes.
Januar bis zum Als Politiker engagierte sich Virchow in erster Linie im sozial- und gesellschaftspolitischen Bereich. Success in the protection of the ozone layer is at risk. This article repeats an interview with the commissioner of international measures for the protection of the ozone layer of the Federal Ministry of the Environment which took place in the run-up to the 7th conference of the signatory states of the Montreal Protocol.
Konferenz der Vertragsstaaten zum Montrealer Protokoll gefuehrt wurde. Altitude dependence of trace substance deposition from clouds to forests. Final report; Hoehenabhaengigkeit der Spurenstoffdeposition durch Wolken auf Waelder. Novel forest decline is particularly pronounced in the area of the ridges of medium-range mountains. Whereas acid precipitation was viewed as its sole cause early on in the discussions, it turned out later that the impact of trace gases, too, contributes to the damaging of forests.
This report wants to point out the importance of fog interception, which equally plays a part in the pollutant receipts of forests. The deposition of fog water to a forest stand depends very much on altitude, so that trace substance deposition, too, is to be expected to be dependent on altitude. By attempting to quantify this effect, the report helps to pinpoint areas of relevance of this deposition pathway orig.
Waehrend in der anfaenglichen Diskussion die sauren Niederschlaege als alleinige Ursache angesehen wurden, zeigte sich spaeter, dass auch Einwirkungen von Spurengasen zur Schaedigung des Waldes beitragen. Dieser Bericht soll auf die Bedeutung der Nebelinterzeption aufmerksam machen, die ebenfalls zum Schadstoffeintrag in den Wald beitraegt. Die Deposition von Wolkenwasser auf einen Waldbestand ist stark abhaengig von der Hoehenlage, in der sich der Waldbestand befindet, so dass auch eine Hoehenabhaengigkeit des Spurenstoffeintrages zu erwarten ist.
Durch den Versuch der Quantifizierung traegt dieser Bericht dazu bei, Gebiete zu erkennen, in denen dieser Eintragspfad eine Rolle spielt. Zur Geschlechterdifferenz in den Kulturwissenschaften. The collected volume Genus. Instead of merely revising the original volume, the editors planned its expansion. The subtitle points to the result: Gender Studies in Culture and Social Studies. Spectra in SolidsA theory is proposed which allows to describe the narrowing of n.
The model is based on the assumption, that the local resonance frequency of a given spin immediately after the jump is distributed according to the n. Die Wirkung der Akupunktur wird als effektiv und effizient beschrieben. Soils in 29 allotments were analyzed systematically with a view to the following aspects: Concentration ratios of the 16 components analyzed. Occurrence and classification of so-called PAH patterns. Interdependences between PAH patterns and soil features.
PAH concentrations and soil-immanent buffer characteristics humus concentration, pH, clay concentration, sesquioxide concentrations, exchange capacity. Die hier vorgestellten Ergebnisse resultieren aus Probjekten von Umwelt-Consult e. Hierbei wurden systematisch Boeden in 29 Kleingartenanlagen untersucht. Folgende Fragestellungen sollten beantwortet werden: Sind sogenannte PAK-Muster zu erkennen und lassen sich diese klassifizieren? Practical experience with biodegradable biomass waste bags in several different German composting plants; Praxiserfahrungen zum Abbau kompostierbarer Bioabfallsaecke auf verschiedenen Kompostierungsanlagen in Deutschland.
The study intended to find out how fast biodegradable biomass waste bags are degraded in practical conditions in composting and fermentation plants. For the study, plant types were selected that are practically relevant for biomass waste utilisation in Germany. Fuer die Studie wurden Anlagentypen ausgewaehlt, die fuer die Verwertung von Bioabfaellen in Deutschland praxisrelevant sind. Die mittlere Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 36 Monate, alle Patienten wurden hormonablativ behandelt. Firewall systems for protection of data communication in power stations; Firewall-Systeme zum Schutz der Datenkommunikation in Kraftwerken.
Students also benefit from the worldwide academic network of the two universities. Career Perspectives With its interdisciplinary, team-oriented and intercultural approach, the study programme addresses a rapidly growing job market at the national and international level. Professionals with a profound expertise in key global issues, such as climate and land use change, resource conservation and highvalue agricultural production, are in high demand.
Jobs will be available in international research and development organisations working on sustainable agriculture, global environmental change, nature protection, and food security. National careers can be pursued in land use planning, environmental impact assessment as well as in teaching interdisciplinary approaches in natural resource management. Silke Will The educational network GrassNet uses different DAAD funding instruments to link young people in education with pressing research questions and to support a change of paradigms in system analysis for research and education, GrassNet will train 12 Master and three PhD students in a cross-continental network of three research centres.
Intensive regional research activities will be stimulated by the network through regular exchange of knowledge and research approaches on post-doc level. The results of this cooperation will be included in the regularly organised Summer Schools enabling cross system and cross continental analysis of the impact of climate change on natural grasslands and their use.
During the first 6 month of GrassNet activities in the cooperation between the partner countries was intensified during a workshop organised by DITSL at Kassel-Witzenhausen and the GrassNet Summer School held in Hohenheim with more than 30 participants. Post docs from the international partners are frequently visiting the German Universities for research and supervision of the GrassNet MSc students.
Natural grasslands are considered as the world s largest multifunctional agro-ecosystems supporting million pastoral people worldwide. The pressure on natural grasslands is constantly increasing through population growth and associated encroachment of agriculture and increasing demand for food and raw materials. To this adds the recent expansion of bio-fuel farming. Thus, natural grasslands are increasingly seen as hot spots of contrasting socio-economic interests, which are particularly vulnerable to land use changes and the effects of climate change.
Sustainable land-use and protection of the grassland resources for future generations in the context of adaptation to climate change pose a challenge for research and education. Extrapolating regional approaches to a global level enables the assessment of local expertise for global, system wide application and implementation. June December Funding: Young lecturers and researchers are primarily selected from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Preference is given to agricultural economists, but related disciplines such as agricultural production may also be considered.
The objective is to contribute to human capacity building and to strengthen academic teaching and research in tropical and subtropical countries by providing the opportunity to acquire the Dr. This underlined the interdisciplinary and multicultural character of the student excursion.
In addition, four professors from three Japanese universities attended the study tour. The study trip, led by Prof. Kammesheidt, provided insights into nature conservation issues through the visit of the Ba Be National Park. The second part of the excursion was devoted to the interdisciplinary agricultural research of Hohenheim s Uplands Program in the Son La province and the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects, i. Besides there was enough time for getting together within the international student group through numerous fun activities such as wine tasting, Karaoke, dancing and so on.
In March a study trip to Northern Vietnam was organised. Out of 46 applications, 17 students from different international Hohenheim Master programmes were selected for the excursion. A series of seminars were held by students in winter semester to make them familiar with Vietnam.
For the first time the German student group was joined by a group of another 11 students from Thesis research grants The Foundation Fiat Panis formerly Eiselen offers the opportunity to conduct research in developing countries to complete a bachelor, diploma or master thesis. The research work, carried out in cooperation with national and international partner institutions, ensures that the students receive a practical training for future involvement in development cooperation.
This programme has been running since As of December , students have completed their theses within the grant scheme. In the years and , altogether 42 grants were given with a total volume of see Annex. Excursion to Vietnam The mountainous regions are vitally important ecosystems threatened by high population growth, resettlement programmes, migration and rapidly changing market conditions. The program started in initiated by the Tropenzentrum as collaboration with several universities and research institutes in Thailand and Vietnam.
These projects correspond to each other, in that disciplinary cooperation partners between Germany and Thailand or Vietnam respectively, work on issues of common interest. In July , the Uplands Program entered its fourth and final phase ending in June An external evaluation of the programme by a team of eleven prominent scientists has attested the Uplands Program to practicing excellent fundamental research with a high impact on the study regions and enduring importance facing global land use changes and food insecurity.
In pursuit of its objective, the program builds on three main concepts: Innovations such as improved irrigation methods, fruit drying and processing technologies, methods of soil and water conservation, and improved livestock varieties. Systems modeling to increase our understanding of decision-making and natural resource flows in mountainous systems. Capacity building including the transfer of knowledge and innovations to stakeholders, the promotion of interdisciplinary research approaches at partner universities, and the training of young scientists.
The priority areas in phase IV are integrated modeling, scaling up and scaling out and transfer of knowledge and innovations. Integrated Modeling The challenge to sustainable resource use is the most prominent at the fault line between the economic incentives to intensify agriculture and the constraints imposed by the natural environment.
New insights into sustainable resource use can be obtained by coupling quantitative models that represent the diverse aspects of the system soils, hydrology, land use, and decision-makers. Subprojects in the program couple their models to test scenarios exploring the effect of innovations and policy options on sustainability. A key concept of the SFB is the integration of the various knowledge domains in order to understand the system under study.
This integration allows building scenarios of the effects and processes occurring in response to innovations brought into the system. Multi-agent system modeling and ecological watershed modeling allows linking biophysical processes with economic and institutional change. Scaling up and scaling out Depending on biophysical conditions, knowledge networks and institutional arrangements, a given site develops along trajectories of resource availability, market access and multi-stakeholder and This leads to site-specific constraints and options for innovations brought into the system.
Including this heterogeneity in research is fundamental to the transfer of knowledge to stakeholders, innovation dissemination and the scaling out to other regions. Transfer of knowledge and innovations The transfer of research is a priority area in the research program. This includes partnerships with farmers, extension workers, administrators, and policy makers to make use of the most promising research findings. Three subprojects are conducting joint research with private companies in Thailand and Germany to transfer their inventions for practical use.
It also includes the transfer of knowledge to young researchers. To date, over 70 students have conducted their doctoral research in the program. A further component in capacity development is the new joint-degree M. SFB activities in and In January scientists of the Uplands Program launched an affiliated transfer project for water and soil resource conservation in northern Vietnam, funded by the EnBW Rainforest Foundation for the time period January to September The project is entitled Sustainable natural resource conservation and fostering rural development through adapted soil conservation measures in the uplands of Vietnam using a participatory approach.
It cooperates with the National Agricultural Extension Centre in Hanoi and the Hanoi University of Agricul- The Uplands Program has produced various innovations that can be applied to upland agriculture. In this context, three new so-called transfer projects have started on July that focus on the transfer of innovations to the study regions. The three projects deal with water saving irrigation of fruit orchards, fruit drying and integrated fruit processing.
In April the Uplands Program organized the international symposium on Interdependencies between upland and lowland agriculture and resource management held in Hohenheim. It provided a platform for scientists and practitioners to communicate their research findings along the upland lowland gradients in agroecosystems. The workshop was organized to get closer to farmers, extension workers, and government officers to share results and to receive feedback so that research can be translated into practice.
The program was initiated by scientists of the Uplands Program. During the last two years the German projects of the Uplands program published 52 scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, and 6 books or book chapters, conference publications, 1 habilitation, 14 Dissertations, 21 MSc theses and 7 BSc theses.
In the past years, ever since George H. Shull scientifically described heterosis and laid the foundation for modern hybrid breeding. The use of heterosis in crop breeding has greatly expanded and the acreage under hybrid cultivars has steadily increased. Hybrid breeding has made commendable contributions to meeting the food, feed, and fibre needs of a growing world population, and has benefitted farmers and consumers.
It has also fostered the development of a viable seed industry, which has been a tremendous stimulus for plant breeding research. Maize breeders form single cross hybrid varieties by crossing two unrelated inbred lines. Though the mechanisms of heterosis are not yet fully understood, it is well known that the F1 hybrid - the first generation of offspring - yields more than its two inbred parents.
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Hence, heterosis is defined as the performance advantage of the F1 hybrid as compared to the mean of its two inbred parents. These parent inbred lines must be genetically stable also called homozygous for two reasons: DH lines are nowadays routinely employed in private and public maize breeding programs in Europe and North America. Through the induction of a haploid phase i. The use of DH lines features several quantitative genetic and operational advantages including: Hence, significant cost savings are possible due to reduced expenses for nursery activities, handling of seed batches, and for maintenance breeding.
Despite the obvious advantages of using DH lines for hybrid maize breeding, few efforts have been made to exploit the technique for tropical maize breeding programs. Heterosis effect in maize research research Plant Production and Landscape Ecology Traditionally, maize inbred lines are formed by continuous self-pollination for six to eight generations. This is extremely time-consuming. Efficiency of breeding new maize varieties can be significantly improved through the application of doubled haploid DH inbred lines as components of hybrid and synthetic varieties.
Synthetics are developed by intermating not only two but several carefully selected inbred lines followed by seed increase through open pollination. This variety type allows farmers to recycle the harvested seed for replanting in the following cycle without suffering severe yield losses. Georg Cadisch The Plant Production Section focuses on plant-soilenvironmental interactions, investigating trade-offs between crop production and environment. Current research topics cover eco-physiological aspects of crop production including plant diversity , nutrient cycles, carbon sequestration, competition, and environmental impacts of plant-animal productions systems with specific consideration of N 2 fixing legume based approaches as well as studies on promising minor crops regarding their future utilisation.
The research approach of this section is based on two pillars: Hybrid corncob This CIMMYT-Hohenheim collaboration is investigating the various processes involved in DH line production in tropical maize and is conducting capacity building through training scientists of national maize breeding programs. This will enable maize breeders and researchers from sub-sahara Africa to exploit the DH technique for rapid development of inbred lines that have been improved for abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and nutritional quality.
By crossing two or more of the resulting DH lines, breeders can quickly develop new hybrid or synthetic maize varieties, which accelerates the arrival of better adapted, more stable, and higher yielding maize for resource-poor farmers in the world s most harsh environments.
An experimental approach on improving our knowledge of plant production, plant diversity and nutrient cycles in agroecosystems by using stable isotope 15 N, 13 C and 18 O , molecular marker and mid-infrared spectroscopy methods. Data were used to parametrise the simultaneously developed prototype of a spatially explicit and integrated dynamic biophysical model for land-use change impact assessment LUCIA. Building on previous achievements, C4. Application of Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy for parameterisation of soil carbon turnover models on a regional scale funded within the integrated DFG Project Structure and Functions of Agricultural Landscapes under Global Climate Change - Processes and Projections on a Regional Scale Changing climatic conditions and land use changes are expected to alter carbon dynamics in the soil and hence the role of soil carbon as sink or source for atmospheric carbon dioxide.
The current study will develop new methods to parameterise soil organic carbon dynamics models at regional scale. Building on the achievements of participatory rural appraisal, we can now add quantitative strengths with the toolbox for trade-off analysis. FAL- LOW is a landscape-dynamics model, developed at the World Agroforestry Centre for assisting the negotiation process between stakeholders in a changing landscape by visualizing possible consequences of land use changes within a watershed. Apart from estimating the size of soil carbon pools, their decomposition rates will be assessed, facilitating prediction of soil C dynamics at regional scale.
A validated soil carbon model will, in conjunction with Expert-N modelling software and a coupled high resolution atmosphere climate model, facilitate prediction of soil C dynamics under changing climatic conditions in Southwest Germany. Specific research objectives are i to develop the combined use of fallout radionuclide techniques with conventional techniques and spatial analysis to establish soil redistribution patterns and rates over several temporal scales on a catchment basis, ii to develop and validate protocols for the application of compound specific stable isotope techniques, a promising approach to elucidate the composition of labile soil organic carbon SOC , its qualitative changes, and enables in particular the evaluation of essential C source-and-sink relationships in a defined ecosystem altered by considerable erosion and deposition processes, iii to integrate nuclear based approaches with other non-nuclear techniques through modelling and other tools to establish comprehensive soil redistribution studies on an area-wide basis, and iv to create the basis to develop decision support tools for implementing precision conservation and contributing to sustainable land management.
It focuses on the spatiotemporal dynamics of water contents and competition for water uptake in mixed cropping systems. The emphasis is on spatial variation caused by the cropping pattern and landscape. To this end, a set of monitoring techniques will be used with which spatial patterns of crop status and subsurface soil water contents can be imaged in a non-invasive manner. Soil water content distributions will be determined using geophysical methods: The state of the crop and its spatial pattern will be monitored using leaf area index LAI sensors and an infrared camera.
These techniques will be complemented with 13 C stable isotope analysis of plants, which is a measure of the integrated stress of the plant over the growing season. To interpret the obtained datasets, a soil-crop model will be developed which considers light interception, photosynthesis and stomatal control, water flow within the plant, root growth and root water uptake, and heat fluxes within the canopy in more detail than in currently available crop growth models.
Fostering rural development and environmental sustainability through integrated soil and water conservation systems in the uplands of Northern Vietnam funded by the EnBW Rainforest Foundation and carried out in cooperation with the SFB The on- and off-site effects of inappropriate land use systems in mountainous regions of northern Vietnam pose considerable threats to people s livelihoods and the environment.
However, soil and water conservation projects have only had limited impact in the past, and few farmers are nowadays practicing effective soil conservation measures on their fields. Reasons for the lacking adoption of soil conservation measures are that i they are economically not attractive, ii the introduction of high yielding varieties combined with increased fertiliser use masks negative impacts of cropping activi- ties on soil fertility in the short-term, and iii many projects used a top-down approach to disseminate soil conservation techniques without adequately considering farmers needs.
The overall goal of this project is to foster sustained and enhanced livelihoods and environmental quality in the uplands of Northern Vietnam. Collection of herbarium information was conducted in different Venezuelan, European and US herbaria. The objectives of the project are to: Results will contribute to the sustainable use and conservation of this valuable plant genetic resource.
Joachim Sauerborn Agro-ecosystems are those ecosystems which have been established and manipulated by man to serve his own needs. Our research activities aim at designing diversified, self-sustaining, low-input and resource-efficient agricultural systems with a high but sustainable level of productivity. To reach this goal it is necessary to acquire knowledge on quantity and quality of the biotic and abiotic factors, i. Based on a better qualitative what happens? The research priorities are: Rural development by land-use diversification: Change of a multifunctional landscape and its effects on structural and biological diversity: A pilot scheme at Valley View University, Accra, Ghana, where we use modern sanitary practice to make available marketable products fertiliser and irrigation water instead of waste materials.
Development of innovative methods for parasitic weed management and investigations of hostparasite interactions. Analysis of the geographical range of parasitic weeds and its determining factors, and of the potential distribution of these organisms under current and predicted future climate. Economists, ecologists and sociologists from Germany and China work together to develop an integrated model based on a geographic information system GIS , which will be able to predict the economic, social and ecological effects of different land uses within a landscape context.
Future land use scenarios are developed together with local decision makers and analysed with regard to the consequences in these three areas. Furthermore, emphasis is placed on investigating alternative, high-value products, such as medicinal plants and spices,to promote agro-biodiversity and the rural economy. As a consequence rubber plantations have displaced much natural vegetation, especially the Yunnan and Mekong regions are experiencing this unbridled rubber boom.
The consequences of social changes, economic risk for the farmers and ecological losses in biodiversity have been given little attention so far. Folkard Asch In consideration of severe water shortages emerging in many agricultural production systems worldwide, an improved understanding of mechanisms of plants in response to variable soil water supply and atmospheric conditions is required to realise waterwise food production. Work focuses on aspects of plant water use under abiotic stressors such as drought, flooding, salinity, iron toxicity and temperature.
A variety of threats imposed on food production by climate change have been identified. However, climate change may as well act as stimulus for highly required changes of land-use pattern. In-depth analyses of the interaction between carbon and water balances are considered to be of outstanding importance to sustain food production in this context.
Developing rice and sorghum crop adaptation strategies for climate change in vulnerable environments of Africa see below. Screening of lowland rice varieties for iron toxicity responses. Genotypic variation in iron toxicity tolerance is analyzed building a base to further identify promising physiological mechanisms which may be employed in varietal improvement programmes. Cross-continental network for sustainable adaptation of grassland systems vulnerable to climate change.
Network within International Networks for Climate Change see also page Potential to recultivate abandoned land in Madagascar with the energy plant Jatropha: In this project, field studies and greenhouse experiments will be combined to quantitatively describe the response of Jatropha curcas to water availability and atmospheric conditions.
Physiological responses of field crops to soil ameliorants under drought-prone conditions. Physiology leaf gas exchange, dry mass allocation pattern, Abscisic Acid signaling, water potential within the Soil-Plant-Atmosphere- Continuum of plants supported by application of diverse ameliorants is assessed to improve crop performance in drought-prone environments and on marginal sites. Effects of hydro-absorbers in seed coats on drought resistance and seedling vigor in cereals. Physiology of seedling emergence as affected by different seed coating technologies is assessed to improve crop establishment in drought-prone environments.
Sorghum panicle Mali, first and second planting date on rice field in Madagascar To avoid negative impacts, crop adaptation strategies will be required, both in terms of varietal development and crop management. Irrigated rice, rainfed sorghum, and rainfed upland rice are three of the most important staple smallgrain cereals in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Phenology, growth, water use and attainable yield of rice and sorghum are subject to seasonal climatic patterns. These patterns have already changed and will do so in the near future. Relevant meteorological data, site-specific soil characteristics and water balances, and parameters of growth and yield will be monitored. These data will be used to identify valuable traits and ideotype concepts for varietal improvement and to adapt, calibrate and field-validate crop models based on the crop model SARRAH.
The field experiments in Senegal, Mali and Madagascar will end in mid after almost two years of data collection. First results were presented at the Tropentag in Hamburg, showing among others the annual variation of water use and yield of irrigated rice in the Sahel, the responses of sorghum varieties to climatic variability in Mali, and the temperature effects on the phenology of upland rice along an altitude gradient in Madagascar.
May April Funding: Karl Stahr The research group Soil Sience and Petrography mainly deals with three thematic areas related to the tropics and subtropics. Soil regionalisation and development of methods for modern soil mapping is one topic. Thereby methods of remote sensing, geographical information systems, and nondestructible methods on the ground and related computer models are used to identify soil units and there relational landscape properties.
The second focus is on soil development. Here, in-depth studies on the behaviour of silica in soils, on the occurrence of rare minerals and on the formation of clay, minerals and iron oxide are carried out in several parts of the tropics. Beside these studies on site ecology, including physical and chemical soil degradation, also studies on soil care are carried out.
In particular, the C and N turnover and it s influence through land use changes is a topic. One project is mainly focusing on investigations of distribution, regeneration and growth of trees in the Kakamega Forest in Kenya and the Budongo Forest in Uganda. Since growth has been measured monthly, using dendrometer bands, giving a clear picture about differences of growth within different compartments of the two forests. Furthermore abiotic factors such as climate temperature, precipitation, radiation and soil parameters have been measured and analyzed. The main hypothesis behind is that tree regeneration is dependent on biotic and abiotic factors, leading to high spatial heterogeneity of parameters, influenced by the growth of trees in a positive feedback mechanism.
Recently two PhD theses have been finished, one on a soil catena with influence in western Senegal, the other one on the effect of compost on soil fertility in the semi-arid area in Ethiopia. Ongoing studies are dealing with land use change and carbon sequestration in the North China plane, and the possibilities of the production of forest crops in saline areas in India and Pakistan. CODE-WA aims to increase farmers options to cope with effects of climate change like shortened rainy seasons, and higher unpredictability and vari- Concurrently it focuses on developing innovative ways to increase farmers incomes.
CODE-WA includes research on climatology, plant breeding, phytodiversity, soil science and communication. The major impact of the project will be the introduction of new crops, varieties and techniques at the four CODE-WA sites along the bio-climatic gradient from northern Sahelian to southern Sudanese zone. Thilo Streck The chair deals primarily with the measurement and mathematical modelling of biophysical processes in agro-ecological systems.
In doing so, one focus is on the transport and transformation of environmentally harmful chemicals, the other one on soil-plantatmosphere interactions. In our applied research, we determine quantitatively and at an early stage the effects of already implemented or planned interventions on certain goods e.
This project has been completed. Probabilistic assessment of the environmental fate of agrochemicals under varying land use in a watershed in Northern Thailand Subproject B2. Transport of agrochemicals in a watershed in Northern Vietnam Subproject B5. Also, the protection of the environment and nature play a significant role and urban ecology, limnology and the study of moorland are covered.
Applied research of the group is concerned with documenting the changes in the landscapes and its vegetation and advising on the optimisation of land utilisation, considering overall objectives of nature conservation. Comparison of Mediterranean ecosystems at the example of transects in the coastal elevations of Lebanon and California. In cooperation with the Fullerton University California. The vegetation of the mediterranean zone in Syria. Cooperation with the Universities of Aleppo and Djidda. Analysis of vegetation and land-use east of the Orontes valley in Syria.
Plant Ecology and Ecotoxicology b Prof. Fangmeier The Plant Ecology and Ecotoxicology group is working in two main areas: Within the first area experimental research is performed on the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, alone and in combination with climatic change such as extreme drought, on terrestrial ecosystems.
In the sesond area effects of air pollutants from agriculture, industry, traffic and other sources on ecosystems, including all organisational levels from physiology to ecosystem processes are investigated. The work contributes to the definition of thresholds to ensure a sustainable development in the tropical and subtropical regions. Participation in the third phase of the SFB project B5. Doluschitz with subproject 1. Further issues are the adaptation ofagriculture to changing environmental conditions e. Besides classical lab-, green house and field experiments including necessary analysis, specialised methodology is focussing on the investigation of rhizosphere processes, on the use of radioactive and stabile isotopes, on the measurement of trace gases and on the use of computer modelling of nutrients and humus turnover processes in the soilplant system.
Within projects of practical relevance, cooperation with farmers, extension services, and companies is essential. Research projects with a tropical background: Irrigation and fertilisation strategies for water saving and optimum nutrient supply in subtropical fruit orchards utilizing stress responses project ended June Effect of sowing date and nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and fungal diseases of different wheat cultivars in Egypt. P-mobilisation in medium and high ph soils: Mobilisation of P in medium and high ph soils under organic cultivation by soil tillage.
Sorption of pollutants by organo-clay complexes: Different organo-clay complexes will be tested according to their efficiency to remove Pb, Cd and Cr, two types of pesticides and di-chlorophenol as organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Special expertise exists in developmental tree and fruit physiology and environmental stress radiation and temperature physiology with emphasis on carbon acquisition, partitioning and cropping efficiency of fruit trees. Moreover, long-term experience is available in studying hormonal responses to a range of plant stresses e.
Recently the sections research capability has been extended from crop physiology into the genetic aspects which will allow to investigate specific plant processes and gene functions but also to search for specific crop manipulations for productivity and quality gains. The following three research projects are carried out in tropical areas of Southeast Asia and Madagascar. Regulation of flowering in subtropical fruit crops The limitations of flowering in fruit trees are thought to have a common physiological background.
The attempt to clarify the process of flowering primarily in longan Dimocarpus longan Lour. Research specifically investigates the physiological basis of flower-bud induction; in particular the role of phytohormones, carbohydrates and the genetic control of this process. For example, there is now growing evidence that an alteration in the hormonal status triggers morphogenesis and induces the switch from vegetative to reproductive bud meristem in longan and possibly other crops.
Based on this knowledge, the goal is to devise strategies and orchard management practices that enhance floral commitment; i. Causes, effects and prevention of premature fruit drop in mango The research attempts to contribute to the understanding of specific plant processes involved in fruit drop of mango Mangifera indica L. The focus is on combining expertise in hormone, carbohydrate and molecular physiology and applying it to detailed field and laboratory studies. Excessive early fruit drop is presumably caused by unfavourable climatic conditions in combination with plant stresses during the fruit set period.
This research project will help to understand the fruit drop mechanism of mango and to devise orchard management practices that enhance fruit retention and quality. Flower biology and propagation of Jatropha curcas in Madagascar The genus Jatropha belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae and contains approximately known species.
This shrub like or small tree crop is native to Mexico and Central America. In recent years large plantations have been established worldwide. However, little basic research effort has been directed toward the appropriate crop management practices under specific natural climatic conditions;. Thus there is a potential risk of quickly developing Jatropha plantations for commercial oil production without the necessary fundamental knowledge on crop physiology and tree management.
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Preliminary work begun to develop protocols to propagate Jatropha curcas primarily by tissue culture and has also been directed to evaluate the effect of climatic Melchinger Plant Breeding and Biotechnology c Prof. Michael Kruse Staff members of the Department of Plant Breeding, Seed Science and Population Genetics work in close collaboration with national and international agricultural research institutes on applied plant breeding research projects related to the tropics and subtropics.
For the improvement of drought tolerance of maize for sub-saharan Africa Kenya a collaborative project was started in with support from Dr. Eiselen and the Eiselen Foundation. Members of the department, Prof. This research is aimed at adopting and improving the doubledhaploid DH technique in maize breeding for Sub- Saharan Africa. Using doubled-haploid lines DH lines as components of hybrid maize cultivars has the potential to substantially increase the efficiency of maize breeding programmes.
The in-vivo haploid technique has been adopted by maize breeders on a broad scale in Europe and North America. In contrast to anther- or microspore-derived DH plants, this technique does not require tissue culture, and therefore, is well suited for breeding programmes in developing countries. At the chair of Prof. Melchinger, numerous projects with significance for plant breeding in the tropics and sub-tropics have been conducted: A project was started in to use precision phenotyping techniques to improve breeding for drought tolerance of maize for southern Asia and eastern Africa with the financial support of BMZ.
The aim is to develop fast and efficient screening methods which can be used to identify maize varieties at early stages of plant development with high yield potential and good drought tolerance. A further project to investigate Individual and combined effects of five quantitative trait loci on resistance to the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica in Sorghum bicolor under field conditions in Mali and Sudan started in Over 20 million hectares in Africa are infested with Striga hermonthica and subsistence farmers are the most severely affected.
Multi-location trials in fields with artificial striga infestation will be conducted over two years in order to identify unequivocally the individual and combined effect of the striga resistance QTL. The access of NARS partners to diverse finger and foxtail millet germplasm will be enhanced through development and joint evaluation of core and mini core collections. Enhanced cultivation by farmers of the superior and diverse finger and foxtail millet germplasm will increase productivity, availability of nutritional rich food, and marketing opportunities, and contribute to in-situ conservation of the two species.
The NARS capacity to breed these high-value minor millets, to use genetic resources in breeding and to employ new molecular tools will be strengthened. Die Qualitaet und Quantitaet der Basisdaten als Eingangsgroessen fuer die Modellierung und der Validierungsdaten als Testgroessen fuer die Voraussagen der Modelle konnten durch Vergleich unterschiedlicher Messmethoden generell weiter ausgebaut werden.
ARTS - adaptive runtime system for massively parallel systems. In the ARTS project, system software has been developed to support smog and fluid dynamic applications on massively parallel systems. The aim is to implement and test specific software structures within an adaptive run-time system to separate the parallel core algorithms of the applications from the platform independent runtime aspects. Only slight modifications is existing Fortran and C code are necessary to integrate the application code into the new object oriented parallel integrated ARTS framework.
The OO-design offers easy control, re-use and adaptation of the system services, resulting in a dramatic decrease in development time of the application and in ease of maintainability of the application software in the future. Im Vordergrund steht die Erprobung geeigneter Strukturen, um systemnahe Funktionalitaeten in einer Laufzeitumgebung anzusiedeln und dadurch die parallelen Kernalgorithmen der Anwendungsprogramme von den plattformunabhaengigen Laufzeitaspekten zu trennen. Es handelt sich dabei um herkoemmlich strukturierten Fortran-Code, der unter minimalen Aenderungen auch weiterhin nutzbar sein muss, sowie um objektbasiert entworfenen C-Code, der die volle Funktionalitaet der ARTS-Plattform ausnutzen kann.
Ein objektorientiertes Design erlaubt eine einfache Kontrolle, Wiederverwendung und Adaption der vom System vorgegebenen Basisdienste. Daraus resultiert ein deutlich reduzierter Entwicklungs- und Laufzeitaufwand fuer die Anwendung. ARTS schafft eine integrierende Plattform, die moderne Technologien aus dem Bereich objektorientierter Laufzeitsysteme mit praxisrelevanten Anforderungen aus dem Bereich des wissenschaftlichen Hoechstleistungsrechnens kombiniert. Control of a reactor for conditioning of biogenic waste materials.
Mechanical-biological waste treatment implies biological drying and mechanical separation; it produces a pollutant-free fuel fraction with good calorific value and inorganic fractions available for recycling. Apart from some prototypes, mostly static aerobic reactors are used. For moist residues, dynamic reactors may be interesting as they permit coupling of thermal and mechanical processes, i. A discontinuous rotary kiln reactor for biological drying of residues was developed in this project. Das Hauptanwendungsziel besteht darin, durch die Kombination von biologischer Trocknung mit mechanischen Stofftrennverfahren eine heizwertreiche und schadstoffentfrachtete Fraktion mit Brennstoffeigenschaften, sowie verwertbare anorganische Fraktionen aus dem Restabfall zu gewinnen.
Die Ausgangssituation zeigte, dass, abgesehen von einigen prototypischen Anlagen, in der MBA-Technologie hauptsaechlich statische, aerob arbeitende Reaktoren Rottetunnel und Rotteboxen fuer den biologischen Schritt eingesetzt werden. Fuer feuchte Restabfaelle erscheint es interessant, dynamische Reaktoren einzusetzen, die die Kopplung thermischer und mechanischer Prozesse erlauben, die also die biologische Trocknung und den mechanischen Aufschluss parallel zulassen.
Im Rahmen des Projektes wurde die Steuerung eines diskontinuierlich betriebenen Drehrohrreaktors zur biologischen Trocknung von Restabfaellen entwickelt. Minimization of the noise emitted by a stationary, multifuel DI diesel aggregate. Final report; Minimierung der Aussengeraeusche eines stationaeren, vielstoffaehigen, direkteinspritzenden Dieselaggregats. Engine noise is caused by the combustion process, flow processes and by the mechanical noise of engine components.
This project investigated the dynamic response of the engine structure as an important source of noise transmission to the outer surface and ambient air. The engine investigated was a multifuel 'eco' DI diesel engine of AMS Schoenebeck, with 4 cylinders, air-cooled supercharger and a power at full load of kW at rpm.
Das Motorengeraeusch wird durch die Verbrennung, durch Stroemungsvorgaenge sowie die mechanischen Geraeuschanteile von Motorkomponenten bestimmt. Gegenstand des Projektes ist die Untersuchung des dynamischen Verhaltens der Motorstruktur als massgeblicher Faktor der Schallweiterleitung vom Ort der Entstehung an die schallabstrahlende aeussere Oberflaeche und deren Luftschallabstrahlung.
Materials and energy balance of a university - development of an environmental management concept for universities based on the example of Osnabrueck university. A material and energy analysis of Osnabrueck university was established with the goal of drawing up an environmental management concept for universities in general. The eco-balance was established in accordance with environmental specifications for energy, traffic, water, waste water, materials, waste and terrain.
An environmental protection programme was developed on this basis, as well as an environmental information system for the university. The final stage comprised networking activities eco-campus. A bibliography is presented. Die ausfuehrliche Darstellung des Projektes beginnt in Kapitel 3 mit einem Ueberblick ueber das Projekt und seine Entstehung. In Kapitel 6 wird dargestellt, wie die umweltrelevanten Taetigkeiten in den Organisationsstrukturen der Universitaet verankert werden sollten Baustein UM 1. In Kapitel 9 wird zunaechst eine Einfuehrung in die Oekobilanzierung gegeben. In Kapitel 10 folgt die Zieldefinition und die Beschreibung der Sachbilanz.
In Kapitel 17 erfolgt schliesslich die Zusammenfuehrung der. Blades and discs in gas turbines. Behaviour of material and components. Projektbereiche A bis C. This final report deals with the work in the years , and In the area of optimising casting structure, it was shown that the making grains finer up to the medium temperature range can be a suitable means for significantly raising the resistance to LCF loading with nearly unchanged heat and creep strength properties. Another main point was the characterisation and optimisation of sprayed ceramic layers on metallic substrates heat insulating layers and compound ceramic materials.
Dieser Abschlussbericht behandelt die Arbeiten der Jahre , und Auf dem Gebiet der Gussgefuegeoptimierung konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Kornfeinung bis in den mittleren Temperaturbereich ein geeignetes Mittel sein kann, um den Widerstand gegen LCF-Belastung bei annaehernd unveraenderten Warm- und Kriechfestigkeitseigenschaften signifikant zu erhoehen. Einen weiteren Schwerpunkt bildete die Charakterisierung und. Thermotropic layers for glazing of windows, facades and solar collectors. Increased use of solar energy is needed to save heating energy. In the German climate, however, passive use of solar energy with windows and facades in summer is also accompanied by the risk of overheating the living areas.
Simple, automatically regulating systems to protect against overheating are not commercially available at present. Thermotropic hydrogels and polymer blends were developed, large-area samples produced and characterised under practice-relevant conditions. Building simulations proved that with the help of the polymer systems developed, heating costs can be saved by passive use of solar energy. The knowledge gained has not yet resulted in a commercially marketable product. Processing of large-area products and lifetime testing could not be brought to completion within the project duration.
Einfache, selbstregelnde Systeme als Ueberhitzungsschutz sind zur Zeit am Markt nicht erhaeltlich. Es wurden thermotrope Hydrogele und Polymerblends entwickelt, flaechige Muster hergestellt und in anwendungsnahen Pruefungen charakterisiert. Gebaeudesimulationen erbrachten den Nachweis, dass mit den entwickelten Polymersystemen eine Heizkostenersparnis durch passive. Building an energy-optimized culture and city hall in Denzlingen. Final report; Neubau eines energieoptimierten Kultur- und Buergerhauses in Denzlingen. Krapp; Sexauer; Arnold, G.
For the construction of its culture and city hall, the municipality of Denzlingen had started a 2-phase competition, the explicit objective of which was energy optimization. In compliance with the municipality's active policy of protecting climate and environment, the building was to fulfill highest ecological standards in order to make an essential direct contribution to reduce CO2-emissions.
The main objective, however, was not to build an ''energy saving machine'' which would have been no model for comparable projects due to its high technical power input and financial expenditures. It was important to achieve logical solutions with regard to the building concept presented and to be able to use these as models and pilots for the future regarding ecological and economical aspects. Es ging aber nicht darum, eine sogenannte 'Energiesparmaschine' zu bauen, die mit hohem, technischen und finanziellen Aufwand keine Vorbildfunktion fuer vergleichbare Projekte haette.
Es ging vielmehr darum, bezogen auf das vorliegende Gebaeudekonzept und dessen Nutzungsansprueche zu schluessigen Loesungen zu gelangen, welche unter oekologischen und oekonomischen Aspekten vorbildhaft und zukunftsweisend sind. This bachelor's thesis deals with a project in the sports and physical education environment. The target is to develop a project AO - Sociology, Demography Impact factor: Projekt om Arbejdstilsynets og ledelsesretten. This is a problem in terms of regulating mishandling of management and lack of social support from managers.
This project concludes that the criticism of this agreement has partly overlooked other w Projektering av produktions- och lagerhall. Geochemical investigations into the retention of reactive carbon compounds for toxic heavy metals. Final report; Geochemische Untersuchungen zur Retention von reaktiven Kohlenstoffverbindungen fuer toxische Schwermetalle.
The composition, reactivity and stability of reactive organic carbon compounds adsorbed on geogenic matrices was investigated. The surface deposits of NOM and its dependence on geochemical parameters was investigated in selected geomatrices. The retention of toxic heavy metals on these surface deposits of NOM was investigated in consideration of the presence of hydroxy species and inorganic ligands. The investigations of the reactivity of the NOM species requires analyses of these compounds and of the heavy metals in the ultratracer region.
This was possible by means of radiochemical methods that were further developed in the context of this project. Radioactive labeling of identified reactive carbon compounds, e. The special labelling techniques were a precondition for distribution measurements in the near-natural, low concentration range. An ausgewaehlten Geomatrizes wurde die Ausbildung von Oberflaechendepositen des NOM und deren Abhaengigkeit gegenueber geochemischen Parametern untersucht.
Cooperation on non-polluting resource exchange for cost reduction. Cooperation fuer umweltschonenden Ressourcenaustausch zur Nutzung von Kostenreduktionspotenzialen. German acronym for Cooperation for Environmentally Friendly Exchange of Resources aimed to design elements to put into practice the model of sustainable development. The focus was on the participation of industry and business on a regional level and two model regions were chosen for the analysis of case studies.
It was intended to give impulses for regional material flow networks between companies, for example by bundling similar material flows to achieve a better profitability and by one-to-one cooperation between companies, one of them using the waste of the partner as raw material.
In addition, the potential for reducing material throughput using modern information technology was investigated in a case study. A set of theses derived from institutional theory was verified on the basis of the empirical results. Useful for the development and the stabilization of networks are, among others, expected economic benefits for the partners, common socio-cultural values and traditions, and using existing institutional arrangements as a basis.
Different forms of market and policy failures were identified as obstacles, e. Nevertheless, in spite of the insufficient number of successful examples and demonstration projects, a shift in orientation from focusing on mere waste disposal towards a closed loop recycling economy and even towards sustainable development was identified within the commercial sector. Cooperation fuer umweltschonenden Ressourcenaustausch sollten in zwei Modellregionen Bausteine fuer die operative Umsetzung des Leitbildes nachhaltiger Entwicklung durch regionale Akteure aus Industrie und Gewerbe entwickelt werden.
Es sollte ein Anstoss zu zwischen- und ueberbetrieblicher Vernetzung von Materialfluessen sowie zu einer Umgestaltung der. Energy-dispersive study of the interaction of fast neutrons with matter. In this final report on the research project ''Energy-dispersive study of the interaction of fast neutrons with matter, especially materials for fusion and materials from fission reactors the status reached after three years promotion is described.
The aim of this project is the construction and first usage of a very complex time-of-flight system for the study of the interaction of fast neutrons with construction materials for fusion and fission reactors as well as with long-lived radioisotopes. Furthermore astrophysically relevant experiments on problems of the element synthesis shall be performed.
The whole project is devided into two sections: Application of the photoneutron sources for measurements of cross sections induced by fast, energy-selected neutrons. In situ-Behandlung von kontaminierten Grundwaessern durch katalytische Oxidation. Tests in der bench-scale-Anlage und Teilvorhaben 3: Die Erprobung in der Pilotanlage am Modellstandort. A new technology for treatment of contaminated ground water was developed. In this process heterogeneous catalysts full metal catalyst, mixed oxide catalyst or iron-containing zeolites in combination with hydrogen peroxide are used.
In the reactor catalytic oxidation and aerob biological degradation occur simultaneously. A complete degradation of chlorobenzene was observed in a bench-scale-equipment 2 liter and also in the pilot plant at the model site located in Bitterfeld 30 liter reactor. The technology can be applied to the ground and waste water treatment. Bei der katalytischen Oxidation werden heterogene Katalysatoren in Form von Vollmetall-, Mischoxid- und Traegerkatalysatoren in Verbindung mit Wasserstoffperoxid als Oxidationsmittel eingesetzt. In den Katalysereaktoren laufen die heterogen-katalytische Oxidation und der aerob-biologische Abbau nebeneinander ab.
Es werden synergistische Effekte erzielt. Mit dem Verfahren wurde in einer bench-scale-Angle 2 Liter und in der Pilotanlage am Modellstandort in Bitterfeld 30 l Reaktor der Schadstoff Chlorbenzol vollstaendig umgesetzt. Das Verfahren kann zur Grund- und Abwasserbehandlung eingesetzt werden. Somit stellt das Buch, wie auch das Projekt , einen enorm wichtigen Beitrag zur Geschlechtergerechtigkeit im Sport dar.
Investigations on the chemical composition of the organic fraction of tropospheric aerosols. Final report; Untersuchungen zur chemischen Zusammensetzung der organischen Komponente des troposphaerischen Aerosols. Dies gilt insbesondere fuer Aerosole, die aus fluechtigen organischen Vorlaeufern natuerlichen wie auch antrophogenen Ursprungs im Verlauf von troposphaerischen Oxidationsprozessen gebildet werden. Das Vorhaben umfasste daher die Entwicklung massenspektrometrischer Methoden fuer qualitative wie auch fuer quantitative Studien zur chemischen Zusammensetzung von sekundaeren organischen Aerosolen SOA , insbesondere gebildet aus der Ozonolyse von Monoterpenen z.
Die Nachweisgrenze der Methode liegt bei ca. Basierend auf der Entwicklung geeigneter Standardadditionsmethoden erfolgte auch die unmittelbare Quantifizierung ausgewaehlter Oxidationsprodukte in der Gas- und Partikelphase. Diese Studien ergaben, dass eine Reihe von multifunktionellen Carbonsaeureprodukte signifikante Aerosolbestandteile repraesentieren Dicarbonsaeuren, Oxocarbonsaeuren, Hydroxycarbonsaeuren etc.
Schliesslich ergaben die massenspektrometrischen Untersuchungen deutliche Hinweise auf starke intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen zwischen den einzelnen Produkten Assoziatbildung. Berlin Germany ; Back, H. The project was conducted from August until May The objectives were a an elaboration of effect concentrations and index values for organic contaminants PAH, PCB and heavy metals in soil of conurbations for the community of decomposers, b the improvement of a biotest system for the evaluation of the habitat function of contaminated soils and c to obtain informations concerning a controlled utilization of contaminated areas.
For that purpose field investigations in former sewage water irrigation areas of Berlin, Germany, concerning the abundance, species composition and dominance structure of terrestrial annelids Enchytraeids, Lumbricids were performed, as well as bioassays using contaminated soils of these sites and soils spiked with bezo a pyrene, fluoranthene, PCB 52, Cd and Cu and experiments on accumulation, elimination and biotransformation in annelids. The abundance of enchytraeids was in the range of to The hostility of the soils of former irrigation fields to annelids was confirmed by lamina bait tests and by bioassays with Enchytraeus crypticus, E.
The ecotoxicity of the combined contaminants was enforced by the acidity and the degradation of the soils. The toxicity of organic and inorganic contaminants to terrestrial annelids was definitely proved by reproduction tests in the agar test system. The applied methods of investigation can be used for evaluation of contaminated soils.
High-efficiency, thin-film- and concentrator solar cells from GaAs. Main topic of the project was the manufacturing of highly efficient GaAs-solar cells and the fabrication of concentrator cells. During this process significant progress was made with the material preparation, the solar cell technology and the material and process characterisation. This succeeded in the following efficiencies: Another main focus was the epitaxy of GaAs on Si substrate.
Two different approaches were investigated. Together with the cooperation partner ASE, Heilbronn a selective growth technology was developed that led to a decreased crack formation. By a simultanous optimization of the other epitaxy and process parameters, the efficiency was increased up to Furthermore a hybrid epitaxy was investigated. The solar cell structure was grown with a low temperature LPE. Unexpected difficulties appeared with this process, so that fundamental experiments needed to be done with the LPE technology. So far, no solar cells could be manufactured with this method.
An efficiency of Dazu wurden wesentliche Fortschritte bei der Materialpraeparation, der Solarzellentechnologie und der Material- and Prozesscharakterisierung erzielt. Diese Erfolge druecken sich in den erzielten Wirkungsgraden aus: Interpretation of ozone vertical profiles and their variations in the Northern hemisphere on the basis of GOME satellite data. Semiglobal ozone vertical profiles based on GOME measurements were established and evaluated systematically.
Especially the vertical distribution of ozone in the Arctic region was measured and interpreted with a view to enhanced ozone degradation in the Arctic winter and spring seasons. Apart from the regional variations, also the time variations of the profiles are to provide further information on the dynamics and chemical processes in the polar vortex. The GOME ozone profiles were validated with ozone probes and other satellite experiments.
Im Projekt wurde insbesondere die vertikale Verteilung von Ozon in der Arktis bestimmt und interpretiert hinsichtlich des verstaerkten Ozonabbaus im arktischen Winter und Fruehjahr. Neben der raeumlichen Variation sollen auch die zeitlichen Ablaeufe und Veraenderungen der Profile weitere Erkenntnise hinsichtlich der Dynamik und der chemischen Prozesse im Polarwirbel liefern.
The marine climate of the North Sea and Baltic Sea was simulated and analyzed with the aid of meteorological and oceanographic models. The KLINO project is a first step towards climate impact research as sensitivity studies of the models permit preliminary statements on the effects of potential changes of marine climate. The simulations covered several decades. The models used were: Die Simulationen deckten hinreichend lange Zeitraeume Dekaden ab und wurden mit beobachteten bzw.
Zur Initialisierung und Validierung der ozeanographischen Modelle wurden umfangreiche Beobachtungsdatensaetze fuer die Parameter Temperatur, Salzgehalt, Eis, Seegang und Oberflaechenauslenkung zusammengestellt. Long-term performance of borehole heat exchangers. In , the canton of Bern passed modern energy legislation. It promotes, for instance, the harnessing of thermal energy in the environment. The canton has made great efforts to strengthen knowledge of the use of water and the ground as sources of thermal energy. They made essential contributions to the understanding of thermal energy flow, the making-up of thermal energy budgets and, thereby, to the assessment of the useful thermal energy potentials of water and the ground.
Unter anderem foerdert es die Nutzung der Umgebungswaerme. Franken gekostet und wesentlich zum Verstaendnis der Waermestroeme, zur Erstellung von Waermebilanzen und damit zur Ermittlung der nutzbaren Waermepotentiale von Wasser und Boden beigetragen haben. New epoxide polymers generated by metal organic catalysts chelates and their application in composite structures. Epoxy resins cured by catalysts based on chelate compound can offer an additional potential concerning storage and heat stability, toughness and curing characteristic.
To prove these advantages and to prepare a serial application was target of the project, by which physico-chemical investigations, determination of mechanical properties and component tests were used. Besides an improvement of storage time and a minimized curing cycle a satisfactory processing behaviour and mechanical properties approaching currently used aircraft materials became evident.
Serial production of fibre reinforced components for automotive industry is basically possible, because all requirements concerning costs, performance and station time were met. The results can also be used for new applications in other technical fields like apparatus construction or sporting goods industry. Diese nachzuweisen und eine zukuenftige Serienanwendung vorzubereiten war Ziel des Projektes , wozu physico-chemische Untersuchungen, mechanische Kennwertermittlungen und Bauteilversuche dienten.
Neben verbesserter Lagerstabilitaet und minimierten Haertungszyklen konnten gute Verarbeitungseingeschaften und ein Leistungsprofil nachgewiesen werden, das nahe an das heutiger Luftfahrtwerkstoffe heranreicht. Die Serienherstellung von Faserverbundbauteilen im Automobilbau ist prinzipiell moeglich, da durch die entwickelten Katalysatoren alle Vorgaben hinsichtlich Kosten, Leistungsfaehigkeit und Taktzeiten erreicht werden konnten. Hierdurch koennen sich auch fuer andere Bereiche z. Geraetebau, Sportartikelindustrie neue Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten eroeffnen. Optimisation of a truck diesel engine with a view to environmental pollution.
Final report; Optimierung eines mit Rapsoelmethylester betriebenen Nutzfahrzeug-Dieselmotors unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der Umweltvertraeglichkeit. Arbeitsgruppe Verbrennungskraftmaschinen; Sauer, B. Lehrstuhl fuer Maschinenelemente und Getriebetechnik; Regitz, M. Lehrstuhl fuer Organische Chemie; Bereswill, S. Detailed rheological analyses of lubricants are carried out with a view to the temperature dependence of the viscosity functions.
Two sliding bearings of similar design but made of different materials were tested on a test bench after lubrication with an oil of the SAE grade 10W diluted with increasing concentrations of rapeseed oil methyl ester. The results were analyzed and compared with the bearings characteristics calculated according to DIN The measurements were found to be in good agreement with calculated values.
Auf einem geeigneten Gleitlagerpruefstand wurden zwei bezueglich der Motorenhauptlager geometrisch aehnliche Lager unterschiedlichen Werkstoffes untersucht. Die Messergebnisse wurden ausgewertet und den nach DIN berechneten Lagerkennzahlen gegenuebergestellt. Danach ergeben sich fuer die gemessenen Lagerkenngroessen qualitativ aehnliche Abhaengigkeiten von der Schmieroelverduennung wie berechnet.
Development and testing of high temperature-vector-SQUID conductor-magnetometers for the electro-magnetic exploration of our deposits. The prototype was tested during the project in Germany and in China. Metronix task was the supervision of the development with the direction that the sensor can be used for field measurements and that the manufacturing costs will be acceptable.
The advantages in the geophysical TEM exploration are: At the same time the measuring time can be reduced tremendously because of the better signal to noise ratio. The productivity of the measuring campaign increases. Die Rolle der Firma Metronix in diesem Projekt war die Einflussnahme auf die Entwicklung in der Form, dass zum einen die aus der Feldmesstechnik resultierenden Anforderungen beruecksichtigt werden, zum anderen auf eine spaetere kostenguenstige Herstellung geachtet wird. This thesis deals with drafting a residential building wood based on existing supermar-ket which is located on a plot placement - concealed in the village Omice.
According to the location of the parcel has been designed layout and shape solutions objectively. The next step was to propose design solutions and their compositions with the assessed thermal solution. IT- projekter er stadig risikable. Vanamaterjali laost Patareis, seal pakutavast kaubast. See oli okeanoloogia ajaloo esimene mastaapne teadusprojekt. Feministische Religionsphilosophie — ein innovatives Projekt. This essay seeks to launch a systematic basis for a feminist philosophy of religion. The critical thrust is explained with reference to latent sexism in a great part of the traditional philosophy of religion, with reference to Vatican documents, which are marked by perceptions and observations that have resulted in an attitude of discrimination against women.
Furthermore, many theories in the field of feminist theology are flawed by argumentative deficiencies as well. These problem areas warrant a necessity to develop a new approach, which eliminates the reductionist views dominating the current debates, by means of a careful philosophical argument. The article is divided in three parts.
It starts by a short exposition of the issues at stak, to explain the philosophical methodology and the concept of feminist philosophy constituting the basis of this essay. Reconstructing central differentiations of Kant's 'Critical Philosophy', it is demonstrated that Kant's most elaborate conception of the human being does provide a sound foundation for dealing with the pressing issues of our time. What can feminist philosophy gain from Kant's moral philosophy as it seeks to discard unfounded or defective theories that result in discrimination against women?
Hvad blev der af venstrepopulismen? Men hvad er populisme? Populisme er et tvetydigt begreb Cinemateket - et projekt om ekstern kommunikation. Our focus in this project is defining the target audience of the Cinemateque. Furthermore we have looked at their communication strategy, in order to give advice on ways in which they can optimize their marketing. Using the theories of Jan Krag Jacobsen and Preben Sepstrup amongst others, we can conclude that a company must aim their marketing activities towards carefully specified target audiences.
We have chosen Henrik Dahl's segmentation model to define their target audience, and have foun Microbiological and physiological studies on the presence of residual concentrations in mineral-oil-contaminated soils after rehabilitation. In ihrer Abbaubarkeit unterscheiden sich die untersuchten Mineraloele und Restfraktionen deutlich. Der unvollstaendige mikrobielle Abbau von Mineraloelen ist hauptsaechlich strukturbedingt. Es verbleiben chemisch und thermisch aeusserst stabile Kohlenwasserstoffe vorwiegend aliphatische und aromatische kondensierte Ringsysteme , die nicht oder sehr schwer metabolisierbar sind.
Nach Untersuchung und Darlegung der Ursachen fuer den unvollstaendigen Abbau steht die Aufgabe der Minimierung der Restkonzentrationen beim Mineraloelabbau. Sowohl spezielle Tenside als auch Hilfssubstrate koennten den Weg zeigen. Projekte dazu sind beim BMBF eingereicht. Analytical evaluation of the operation data from selected PV-demonstration systems in the MuD-programme. Fachbereich 8 - Physik; Wiemken, E. From several PV-demonstration programmes, real performance data and the range in utilizing the systems are obtained.
Nevertheless, for a particular system, no precise assessment and interpretation of the real system behaviour can be given: The quantification and the separation of the avoidable and of the unavoidable energy losses in the system is not to perform from the monitored data alone. Aim of this project was the interpretation of real operation data of PV-systems, the calculation of all steps of energy conversion and hence the determination of the energy losses in particular PV-systems as well as the presentation of a measure for energy production and system performance.
This task includes a brief survey of the optimization potential of the energetic performance. The method choosen was an energy flow analysis, carried out on selected demonstration plants of the MuD-programme. For this reason, detailed simulation models were used. The results of the simulation calculations gives the measure to interprete the monitored system performance.
In the course of the project, the analytical evaluation has shown a large ability in the assessment and interpretation of real system perforamances. Since the concept of the evaluation is transferable to many PV-systems, it represents a base for further applications in this field and in the field of the online-system control of PV-plants. Fuer eine spezifische Anlage ist damit jedoch keine praezise Einschaetzung bzw.
Interpretation des Systemverhaltens moeglich, da die Quantifizierung der unvermeidbaren und der vermeidbaren Energieverluste im System nicht aus den Messdaten allein erfolgen kann. Process development for utilizing asbestos cement waste in rotary kilns for the cement industry. Final report; Erarbeitung eines Verfahrens zur stofflichen Verwertung von zementgebundenen Asbestprodukten in Drehrohroefen fuer die Zementindustrie.
The law for recycling and waste demands the utilization also for waste of asbestos cement ac. The procedure of thermal utilization of ac in the flame of a rotary cement kiln was developed and patented by the research institute IBU-tec Weimar, Germany. International projects of the Chair for waste and material flow management in the period ; Internationale Projekte des Lehrstuhls Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft im Zeitraum Kreislaufwirtschaft einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten. Fuer Deutschland laesst sich hier, trotz der anspruchsvollen Ziele, eine positive Zwischenbilanz ziehen.
Insbesondere die positiven oekologischen Effekte der Vermeidung, Verwertung und Beseitigung von Abfaellen sind durch zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien belegt. Waehrend sich die Kreislaufwirtschaft in Deutschland gut entwickelt hat, befinden sich viele Laender auf dieser Welt noch am Anfang einer nachhaltigen abfallwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
Unser Lehrstuhl Abfall- und Stoffstromwirtschaft an der Agrar- und Umweltwissenschaftlichen Fakultaet der Universitaet Rostock engagiert sich seit ueber 15 Jahren im internationalen Technologie- und Wissenstransfer. Die regionalen Schwerpunkte sind dabei der arabische und asiatische Raum insb. China sowie seit einigen Jahren die baltischen Laender, Osteuropa und Suedamerika. Oft stand in den Projekten im Vordergrund, wichtige Entscheidungstraeger ueber den Stand der Technik zu informieren sowie moegliche administrative Loesungen und angepasste technische Loesungen gemeinsam zu erarbeiten und zu implementieren.
Darueber hinaus wurden klassische F and E- Projekte in den genannten Regionen bearbeitet. Im Rahmen von studentischen Arbeiten wurden auch Studien in weiteren Laendern u. Both processes are based on the theory of small disturbances; however, the GRAHL model examines flow in the individual compressor grid, while MOORE examines the flow of a multi-stage compressor. To check the models, the stability limits known from experiments on a 6 stage and a 3 stage compressor are calculated. The experimental data and the results of a characteristic calculation of the 3 stage compressor act as input data.
For the 6 stage compressor, the results of extensive non-steady state measurements are available, which give a detailed idea of the causation mechanism of the instability. Zur Ueberpruefung der Modelle werden die aus Experimenten bekannten Stabilitaetsgrenzen eines 6- und eines 3-stufigen Verdichters nachgerechnet. Als Eingabedaten dienen die experimentellen Daten sowie die Ergebnisse einer Kennfeldberechnung des 3-stufigen Verdichters.
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Fuer den 6-stufigen Verdichter stehen ebenfalls die Resultate umfangreicher instationaerer Messungen zur Verfuegung, die einen detaillierten Einblick in den Entstehungsmechanismus der Instabilitaet geben. Basics studies on the suitability of microorganisms for improved oil recovery. Grundlagen der Eignung von Mikroorganismen fuer die Verbesserung der Erdoelgewinnung. Fachgebiet Mikrobielle Oekologie; Denger, K. Fachgebiet Mikrobielle Oekologie; Kessel, D. Aus Proben von Erdoelfoerdersonden, erdoelverarbeitenden Betrieben und oelkontaminierten Boeden wurden Mikroorganismen angereichert, isoliert und charakterisiert.
Mit einem Screening wurden ueber Bakterienstaemme auf die Bildung von viskositaetssteigender oder oberflaechenaktiven Substanzen, auf anaerobes Wachstum, auf Halotoleranz und Temperaturtoleranz getestet. Um die Entoelungswirksamkeit der Bakterienstaemme zu quantifizieren und Entoelungsmechanismen aufzuklaeren, wurden dynamische Flutversuche unter realen Lagerstaettenbedingungen an Sandsteinkernen durchgefuehrt.
Mit Hilfe dieser Versuche konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass die Injizierbarkeit sowie die Migration der Bakterien im poroesen Medium gewaehrleistet sind. Die Bakterienstaemme sind darueber hinaus in der Lage, unter Bedingungen, wie sie in norddeutschen Lagerstaetten auftreten, zu wachsen. Ihr Einsatz bei den Flutversuchen fuehrte zu einer signifikanten Erhoehung des Entoelungsgrades. Als wichtigste Mechanismen, die fuer eine Mehrentoelung verantwortlich sind, wurden die Reduzierung der Permeabilitaet durch das Wachstum der Bakterien im Porenraum und die Aenderung des Benetzungszustandes der Porenwand des Gesteins ermittelt.
Final report; Verhalten von Mikroorganismen und Viren bei der Trinkwasseraufbereitung.