A Global Integration Strategy for the Mediterranean Countries: Open Trade and Market Reforms

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Explore the Home Gift Guide. Amazon Music Stream millions of songs. Amazon Advertising Find, attract, and engage customers. Amazon Drive Cloud storage from Amazon. Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Thus, aid goes beyond mere project financing since it encompasses support for broader macroeconomic and structural reform.

A second initiative is the MENA economic summits and conferences. The first MENA summit - strongly supported by the United States - was held in Casablanca, Morocco, in in order to translate political progress into economic dividends that would, in turn, foster peace.

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One of the main objectives of this process is to bring about economic co-operation at the company level. Strategic alliances among Middle Eastern business executives can greatly favour economic development, by opening up new markets, providing outsourcing opportunities, lowering production costs, improving know-how and transferring technology. At the time of the summit the peace process was showing considerable progress, improving the prospects for economic co-operation.

Therefore, discussions focused on the need for many countries in the region to achieve macroeconomic stability, create the right environment for investment and savings, and liberalise international trade and capital markets. An important decision was that of creating new regional institutions designed to promote regional development and regional economic co-operation: The Rapporteur at this point wishes to emphasise the close relationship between the peace process and regional economic development.

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Furthermore, wasteful usage and pollution of some water resources worsen an already alarming situation. Unfortunately, the solution to this seemingly straightforward problem is not so easy. Water pipes rehabilitation programmes require considerable funds and time since it is very hard to identify broken or leaking pipes.

Moreover, some countries have decided to implement development programmes that could adversely affect the water resources of neighbouring countries.

Such plant, however, cannot be used efficiently. On the other hand, the Palestinians refuse to build another pipe within their territories - which would be longer than the one passing through Israel - arguing that it would be too expensive. In Israel, according to its Ministry of Agriculture, yearly water consumption, around 2 billion cubic meters, has been basically steady since This situation is bound to change in the near future, in particular owing to immigration from central and Eastern Europe, which has drastically increased the demand for fresh water.

It is in this context to be regretted that Israel is still growing cotton to such an extent. The Joint Water Committee was supposed to co-ordinate water resources management, protect water reservoirs, and establish the water supply from one side to the other, as well as exchange information on water legislation and regulations. Jordan enjoys stable water resources. At issue are their distribution and use. The cost of restoring and restructuring the pipe system is well beyond the financial capacities of Jordan.

Hence, the necessary capital investment in this sector, as in others, depends on the generosity of donors. Another problem is the geographical separation between where the majority of the people live relative to the location of water reservoirs. The population is concentrated on the high plains, or plateaux, which are far from the aquifers. This entails huge government expenditure on energy and transportation, since water has to be pumped up, sometimes by meters.

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The introduction of advanced technologies may, however, reduce costs in the future. Water relations with Israel are based on Article 6 of the peace accord signed by the two countries in September Numerous joint programmes are under consideration. The valley itself is relatively inhospitable to human settlement, but the Jordanian government has plans to use advanced techniques to obtain higher agricultural yields. Another joint project is for the Aqaba canal, by which water could flow from the Gulf of Aqaba, in particular for agricultural and industrial purposes. The cost is high, around US5 bln.

However, it would have positive effects on, for example, employment, fisheries and tourism. The objective would be to supplement the ground water coming through the north-east aquifer, which is currently overpumped.

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A further undertaking is the Red Sea - Dead Sea canal. Israel maintains that this project is extremely expensive, given the infrastructure and energy costs involved water must be pumped up 1, meters. Moreover, the completion of the canal will take around 10 years. Despite the impasse into which it has recently passed, the Middle East peace process has the potential of fostering co-operation and co-ordinated activities, providing an impetus to environmental initiatives that could benefit the entire region.

Previous bilateral and multilateral peace talks have helped forge new paths towards co-operation and collaboration on numerous important issues, such as water management. The countries in the region face the same environmental challenges, as they share water, land, air, coastlines and natural and other resources.