Stare death in his eyes, wink, and start laughing.
Poems about mirror. You can read the best mirror poems. Browse through all mirror poems.
Gasping as I swerve lanes -- Stay safe, get paid. Please, just feel me now. You know me, right? You love me, right? I want to melt with you -- let our souls collide Dissolve the boundaries between students and teachers. To stay or leave Him. To look in a mirror As you bleed and feed your own obliterated youth The ides of irony rejoice! Forsaking life itself, you clamor To see others just like you. To feel the flame within its breath consumed.
Sonnet to The Well. Idly stationed in the bucolic hills, sits a stone well; unknown when abandoned. Though her people foregone, water yet fills as much as you can want for. In tandem, are high trees less old than she; occluding the view from pathless and naive strangers. As their wish in well is to keep obtuse, those that siren would otherwise capture.
Mirrored Reflections: A Poetic Journal - Rebecca A. Vetrini - Google Книги
Her drink, one thinks they'll constantly receive. In reality, they'll only be taken. Youth will fade as the heart minutely bleeds. Their hollow, dried corpse will be forsaken. Paris Lit Up No. Cosmonauts Avenue January Manufactured Pleasures. Origins Journal Two notebook entries. Stat R Rec Three poems. Wisconsin Review Volume 50, Issue 1 I grew up always out. Five2One 16 Five Frieze Frames. Duende Exodus Feature Spring 17 Nobody. Petrichor Issue 3 Four hybrid pieces.
Hotel Two poems from Irregular Accounting. Hypertext Magazine Time, and Time Again. Funhouse Magazine Casual Encounters. Connotation Press September Five poems and an interview. Reality Beach Issue 3 I arrive as I always do. Notre Dame Review Issue 42 In a place where everybody. Tahoma Literary Review Issue 7 I do. London Journal of Fiction Issue 2 Buffering. Strong used evaporation coating to make the first aluminum telescope mirrors in the s.
In at the Schott Glass company, Walter Geffcken invented the first dielectric mirrors to use multilayer coatings stacks. Mirrors are manufactured by applying a reflective coating to a suitable substrate. The reflective coating is typically applied to the back surface of the glass, so that the reflecting side of the coating is protected from corrosion and accidental damage by the glass on one side and the coating itself and optional paint for further protection on the other.
In classical antiquity, mirrors were made of solid metal bronze, later silver [33] and were too expensive for widespread use by common people; they were also prone to corrosion. Due to the low reflectivity of polished metal, these mirrors also gave a darker image than modern ones, making them unsuitable for indoor use with the artificial lighting of the time candles or lanterns.
The method of making mirrors out of plate glass was invented by 13th-century Venetian glassmakers on the island of Murano , who covered the back of the glass with an amorphous coat of tin using a fire-gilding technique, obtaining near-perfect and undistorted reflection. For over one hundred years, Venetian mirrors installed in richly decorated frames served as luxury decorations for palaces throughout Europe, but the secret of the mercury process eventually arrived in London and Paris during the 17th century, due to industrial espionage.
French workshops succeeded in large-scale industrialization of the process, eventually making mirrors affordable to the masses, although mercury's toxicity a primary ingredient in gilding, which was boiled away forming noxious vapors remained a problem. In modern times, the mirror substrate is shaped, polished and cleaned, and is then coated. Glass mirrors are most often coated with silver [34] or aluminium, [35] implemented by a series of coatings: The tin II chloride is applied because silver will not bond with the glass.
Copper is added for long-term durability. In some applications, generally those that are cost-sensitive or that require great durability, such as for mounting in a prison cell, mirrors may be made from a single, bulk material such as polished metal. However, metals consist of small crystals grains separated by grain boundaries. Thus, crystalline metals do not reflect with perfect uniformity. Lacking any grain boundaries, the amorphous coatings have higher reflectivity than crystalline metals of the same type.
Electroplating must be performed by first coating the glass with carbon, to make the surface electrically conductive, thus the adhesion is often not as good as with wet-deposition. Both lack the ability to produce perfectly uniform thicknesses with high precision. Therefore, these are called second-surface mirrors, which have the added benefit of high durability, because the glass substrate can protect the coating from damage.
For technical applications such as laser mirrors, the reflective coating is typically applied by vacuum deposition. Vacuum deposition provides an effective means of producing a very uniform coating, and controlling the thickness with high precision. This eliminates refraction and double reflections, also called "ghost reflections" a weak reflection from the surface of the glass, and a stronger one from the reflecting metal , and reduces absorption of light by the mirror.
A hard, protective, transparent overcoat may be applied to prevent oxidation of the reflective layer and scratching of the soft metal. Applications requiring higher reflectivity or greater durability, where wide bandwidth is not essential, use dielectric coatings , which can achieve reflectivities as high as Because the coatings are usually transparent, absorption losses are negligible. Unlike with metals, the reflectivity of the individual dielectric-coatings is a function of Snell's law known as the Fresnel equations , determined by the difference in refractive index between layers.
Therefore, the thickness and material of the coatings can be adjusted to be centered on any wavelength. Vacuum deposition can be achieved in a number of ways, including sputtering, evaporation deposition, arc deposition, reactive-gas deposition, and ion plating, among many others.
Mirrors can be manufactured to a wide range of engineering tolerances , including reflectivity , surface quality, surface roughness , or transmissivity , depending on the desired application. These tolerances can range from low, such as found in a normal household-mirror, to extremely high, like those used in lasers or telescopes. Increasing the tolerances allows better and more precise imaging or beam transmission over longer distances. In imaging systems this can help reduce anomalies artifacts , distortion or blur, but at a much higher cost.
Where viewing distances are relatively close or high precision is not a concern, lower tolerances can be used to make effective mirrors at affordable costs. The reflectivity of a mirror is determined by the percentage of reflected light per the total of the incident light. The reflectivity may vary with wavelength. All or a portion of the light not reflected is absorbed by the mirror, while in some cases a portion may also transmit through.
Although some small portion of the light will be absorbed by the coating, the reflectivity is usually higher for first-surface mirrors, eliminating both reflection and absorption losses from the substrate.
The reflectivity is often determined by the type and thickness of the coating. When the thickness of the coating is sufficient to prevent transmission, all of the losses occur due to absorption. Gold is very soft and easily scratched, costly, yet does not tarnish.
Silver is expensive, soft, and quickly tarnishes, but has the highest reflectivity in the visual to near-infrared of any metal. Dielectric mirrors can reflect greater than However, dielectric coatings can also enhance the reflectivity of metallic coatings and protect them from scratching or tarnishing. Dielectric materials are typically very hard and relatively cheap, however the number of coats needed generally makes it an expensive process.
In mirrors with low tolerances, the coating thickness may be reduced to save cost, and simply covered with paint to absorb transmission. Surface quality, or surface accuracy, measures the deviations from a perfect, ideal surface shape. Increasing the surface quality reduces distortion, artifacts, and aberration in images, and helps increase coherence , collimation , and reduce unwanted divergence in beams. For plane mirrors, this is often described in terms of flatness , while other surface shapes are compared to an ideal shape.
These deviations can be much larger or much smaller than the surface roughness. Surface roughness describes the texture of the surface, often in terms of the depth of the microscopic scratches left by the polishing operations. Surface roughness determines how much of the reflection is specular and how much diffuses, controlling how sharp or blurry the image will be. For perfectly specular reflection, the surface roughness must be kept smaller than the wavelength of the light.
For wavelengths that are approaching or are even shorter than the diameter of the atoms , such as X-rays , specular reflection can only be produced by surfaces that are at a grazing incidence from the rays. Transmissivity is determined by the percentage of light transmitted per the incident light. Transmissivity is usually the same from both first and second surfaces. The combined transmitted and reflected light, subtracted from the incident light, measures the amount absorbed by both the coating and substrate.
Mirror Poems - Poems For Mirror - Reflection In The Mirror - Poem by Melissa Patty | Poem Hunter
For transmissive mirrors, such as one-way mirrors, beam splitters , or laser output couplers , the transmissivity of the mirror is an important consideration. The transmissivity of metallic coatings are often determined by their thickness.
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For precision beam-splitters or output couplers, the thickness of the coating must be kept at very high tolerances to transmit the proper amount of light. For dielectric mirrors, the thickness of the coat must always be kept to high tolerances, but it is often more the number of individual coats that determine the transmissivity. For the substrate, the material used must also have good transmissivity to the chosen wavelengths. Glass is a suitable substrate for most visible-light applications, but other substrates such as zinc selenide or synthetic sapphire may be used for infrared or ultraviolet wavelengths.
Mirrors are commonly used as aids to personal grooming. A classic example of the latter is the cheval glass , which may be tilted. With the sun as light source, a mirror can be used to signal by variations in the orientation of the mirror. This technique was used by Native American tribes and numerous militaries to transmit information between distant outposts. Mirrors can also be used for search to attract the attention of search and rescue helicopters. Specialized type of mirrors are available and are often included in military survival kits.
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Microscopic mirrors are a core element of many of the largest high-definition televisions and video projectors. A DLP chip is a postage stamp-sized microchip whose surface is an array of millions of microscopic mirrors. The picture is created as the individual mirrors move to either reflect light toward the projection surface pixel on , or toward a light absorbing surface pixel off.
Other projection technologies involving mirrors include LCoS.
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Like a DLP chip, LCoS is a microchip of similar size, but rather than millions of individual mirrors, there is a single mirror that is actively shielded by a liquid crystal matrix with up to millions of pixels. The picture, formed as light, is either reflected toward the projection surface pixel on , or absorbed by the activated LCD pixels pixel off.
LCoS-based televisions and projectors often use 3 chips, one for each primary color. Large mirrors are used in rear projection televisions. Light for example from a DLP as mentioned above is "folded" by one or more mirrors so that the television set is compact. Mirrors are integral parts of a solar power plant. The one shown in the adjacent picture uses concentrated solar power from an array of parabolic troughs.
Telescopes and other precision instruments use front silvered or first surface mirrors , where the reflecting surface is placed on the front or first surface of the glass this eliminates reflection from glass surface ordinary back mirrors have. Some of them use silver, but most are aluminium, which is more reflective at short wavelengths than silver. All of these coatings are easily damaged and require special handling.
The coatings are typically applied by vacuum deposition. A protective overcoat is usually applied before the mirror is removed from the vacuum, because the coating otherwise begins to corrode as soon as it is exposed to oxygen and humidity in the air. Front silvered mirrors have to be resurfaced occasionally to keep their quality. There are optical mirrors such as mangin mirrors that are second surface mirrors reflective coating on the rear surface as part of their optical designs, usually to correct optical aberrations.
The reflectivity of the mirror coating can be measured using a reflectometer and for a particular metal it will be different for different wavelengths of light. This is exploited in some optical work to make cold mirrors and hot mirrors. A cold mirror is made by using a transparent substrate and choosing a coating material that is more reflective to visible light and more transmissive to infrared light.
A hot mirror is the opposite, the coating preferentially reflects infrared. Mirror surfaces are sometimes given thin film overcoatings both to retard degradation of the surface and to increase their reflectivity in parts of the spectrum where they will be used. For instance, aluminum mirrors are commonly coated with silicon dioxide or magnesium fluoride. The reflectivity as a function of wavelength depends on both the thickness of the coating and on how it is applied.
For scientific optical work, dielectric mirrors are often used. These are glass or sometimes other material substrates on which one or more layers of dielectric material are deposited, to form an optical coating. By careful choice of the type and thickness of the dielectric layers, the range of wavelengths and amount of light reflected from the mirror can be specified.
Such mirrors are often used in lasers.