The third movement, marked Adagio ma non troppo, is somber, bordering on the funereal. This ponderous, dark music may reflect the composer's deepest doubts and disappointments. The finale begins without pause after the Adagio. Its theme, almost Bach -like in its contentedness and fugal character, sounds serene, expressing, perhaps, the composer's acceptance of his fate.

This is a movement of great subtlety and beauty, and its structure is masterful and original. The middle section is quiet and dark, its mood looking back to the darkness of the Adagio. Suddenly the piano unleashes ten fateful chords in a slow crescendo. The main theme then reappears and struggles for a time with the dominant mood of darkness. Eventually it gains strength, transforming the movement into a triumphant, ecstatic, radiant utterance. AllMusic relies heavily on JavaScript. Please enable JavaScript in your browser to use the site fully.

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Beethoven: Sonata No.31 in A-flat Major (Ashkenazy)

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Friedrich Gulda plays Beethoven. Beethoven spielt im Hauptabschnitt dieses Satzes auf zwei schlesische Volkslieder an: Das Einsetzen des Originalthemas in Takt wird durch schimmernde Sechzehntel-Figurationen begleitet, welche die Bewegung der doppelten Verkleinerung fortsetzen, wodurch das Thema. Update Required To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your Flash plugin.

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Piano Sonata No. 31 (Beethoven) - Wikipedia

January Total duration: Photograph of James Rhodes by Denis Blais. Other recordings available for download. Beethoven had just rebounded from a dismal period of illness, which delayed his completion of the sonata trilogy. His recovery sparked his sense of humour and his creative forces, resulting in the genesis of the Sonata in A flat, Op , the composition of which overlapped with that of the final Sonata in C minor, Op , from A comprehensive new cycle of the Beethoven sonatas recorded live at London's Wigmore Hall during the pianist's epic fourth rendition of these masterpieces.

This leads to a light arpeggiated demisemiquaver transition passage. The exposition ends with a semiquaver cadential theme. Beethoven does not ask for the exposition to be repeated. The movement closes with a cadence over a tonic pedal. The scherzo is marked allegro molto. The rhythm is complex with many syncopations and ambiguities.


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Beethoven uses antiphonal dynamics four bars of piano contrasted against four bars of forte , and opens the movement with a six-note falling-scale motif. After a few syncopated chords the movement's short coda comes to rest quietly but uneasily in F major via a long broken arpeggio in the bass. The third movement's structure alternates two slow arioso sections with two faster fugues.

Commentators including Rosen and Kinderman have seen the initial recitative and arioso as "operatic". The lament is supported by repeated left hand chords. The arioso leads into a three-voice fugue, whose subject is constructed from three parallel rising fourths. The countersubject moves by smaller intervals.

Piano Sonata No.31, Op.110 (Beethoven, Ludwig van)

The counterpoint has two themes working together to highlight the fourth. At the point where Beethoven introduces a diminution of the subject's rising figure the piece comes to rest on the dominant seventh, which resolves enharmonically onto a G minor chord in second inversion, leading into a reprise of the arioso dolente in G minor marked "ermattet" exhausted.

The use of G minor comes to something unusual: The closely related keys come from the chords of a diatonic scale, and in the original "tonic" key of A-flat major, the "actual" closely related keys follow as:. A leading-tone chord is a diminished chord, so it cannot function as a "tonic" chord of a musical piece , which is why G diminished is left out. However, the use of G minor in this piece acts like a leading-tone key of A-flat major.

The minor key is used as an alternative to G diminished so it can act as a closely related key. However, it does not explicitly make it an "actual" closely related key.