They strategically placed mirrors in their gardens to accentuate their beauty and give them a feeling of infinity land was tight in Amsterdam even then. By , Holland was at the height of Tulip Mania, a frenzy during which prices fetched for the prized flowers and their bulbs soared to astronomic heights. Around the same time the rigid geometry and topiary feats of the French garden held aesthetic sway across Europe, only to be replaced a century later by the more natural, if atavistic, English garden with its false ruins and sylvan lakes.

Colonial Americans, however, desired more utilitarian gardens.


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Food and medicine——especially in New England, where settlers struggled with harsh winters and stony soil——trumped good looks. As cities grew denser, and the largest swaths of urban green space were dedicated to public parks over private gardens, city planners like Ebenezer Howard sought a new balance of culture and nature.

At the turn of the 20th century, Howard published Garden Cities of To-Morrow, a book proposing suburban living that promoted greater harmony with the natural world and greater proximity between agricultural and city centers. Not 20 years later Britons and Americans alike got a taste of gardening as part of the war effort. During both world wars, politics, patriotism, and national identity staged a horticultural coup: Victory gardens, grown in the yards and converted flowerbeds of private homes and in larger public plots, were touted as a means to support the troops by decreasing demand on commercial produce.

In these situations, a staff of gardeners or groundskeepers maintains the gardens.

There is a wide range of features and accessories available in the market for both the professional gardener and the amateur to exercise their creativity. These are used to add decoration or functionality, and may be made from a wide range of materials such as copper, stone, wood, bamboo, stainless steel , clay , stained glass , concrete, or iron. Examples include trellis , arbors , statues, benches , water fountains , urns , bird baths and feeders, and garden lighting such as candle lanterns and oil lamps. The use of these items can be part of the expression of a gardener's gardening personality.

Gardening for beauty is likely [ original research? Small-scale, subsistence agriculture called hoe-farming is largely indistinguishable from gardening. A patch of potatoes grown by a Peruvian peasant or an Irish smallholder for personal use could be described as either a garden or a farm. Gardening for average people evolved as a separate discipline, more concerned with aesthetics, recreation and leisure , [17] under the influence of the pleasure gardens of the wealthy.

In respect to its food-producing purpose, gardening is distinguished [ by whom? Farming occurs on a larger scale, and with the production of salable goods as a major motivation. Gardening happens on a smaller scale, primarily for pleasure and to produce goods for the gardener's own family or community. There is some overlap between the terms, particularly in that some moderate-sized vegetable growing concerns, often called market gardening , can fit in either category.

The key distinction between gardening and farming is essentially one of scale; gardening can be a hobby or an income supplement, but farming is generally understood [ by whom?

An Introduction to Home Gardening

One distinction is that gardening is labor-intensive and employs very little infrastructural capital , sometimes no more than a few tools, e. By contrast, larger-scale farming often involves irrigation systems , chemical fertilizers and harvesters or at least ladders , e. However, this distinction is becoming blurred with the increasing use of power tools in even small gardens. In part because of labor intensity and aesthetic motivations, gardening is very often much more productive per unit of land than farming.

Monty Don has speculated on an atavistic connection between present-day gardeners and pre-modern peasantry. The term precision agriculture is sometimes used [ by whom? Gardening is effectively scaled up to feed entire villages of over people from specialized plots. A variant is the community garden which offers plots to urban dwellers; see further in allotment gardening.

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Garden design is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, which generally means garden maintenance. Garden design can include different themes such as perennial, butterfly, wildlife, Japanese, water, tropical , or shade gardens. In Japan, Samurai and Zen monks were often required to build decorative gardens or practice related skills like flower arrangement known as ikebana. In 18th-century Europe, country estates were refashioned by landscape gardeners into formal gardens or landscaped park lands, such as at Versailles , France, or Stowe , England.

Today, landscape architects and garden designers continue to produce artistically creative designs for private garden spaces. People can express their political or social views in gardens, intentionally or not. City of Toronto", , the right to cultivate all native species, even most varieties deemed noxious or allergenic, was upheld as part of the right of free expression. Community gardening comprises a wide variety of approaches to sharing land and gardens.

People often surround their house and garden with a hedge. Common hedge plants are privet , hawthorn , beech , yew , leyland cypress , hemlock , arborvitae , barberry , box , holly , oleander , forsythia and lavender. The idea of open gardens without hedges may be distasteful to those who enjoy privacy. The Slow Food movement has sought in some countries to add an edible school yard and garden classrooms to schools, e. Garden sharing , where urban landowners allow gardeners to grow on their property in exchange for a share of the harvest, is associated with the desire to control the quality of one's food, and reconnect with soil and community.

In US and British usage, the production of ornamental plantings around buildings is called landscaping , landscape maintenance or grounds keeping , while international usage uses the term gardening for these same activities. Also gaining popularity is the concept of "Green Gardening" which involves growing plants using organic fertilizers and pesticides so that the gardening process - or the flowers and fruits produced thereby - doesn't adversely affect the environment or people's health in any manner.

Garden pests are generally plants , fungi , or animals frequently insects that engage in activity that the gardener considers undesirable. A pest may crowd out desirable plants, disturb soil, stunt the growth of young seedlings, steal or damage fruit, or otherwise kill plants, hamper their growth, damage their appearance, or reduce the quality of the edible or ornamental portions of the plant. Aphids , spider mites , slugs , snails , ants , birds , and even cats are commonly considered to be garden pests. Because gardeners may have different goals, organisms considered "garden pests" vary from gardener to gardener.

Tropaeolum speciosum , for example, may be considered a desirable and ornamental garden plant, or it may be considered a pest if it seeds and starts to grow where it is not wanted. As another example, in lawns , moss can become dominant and be impossible to eradicate. In some lawns, lichens , especially very damp lawn lichens such as Peltigera lactucfolia and P. There are many ways by which unwanted pests are removed from a garden.

Gardening - Wikipedia

The techniques vary depending on the pest, the gardener's goals, and the gardener's philosophy. For example, snails may be dealt with through the use of a chemical pesticide, an organic pesticide, hand-picking, barriers, or simply growing snail-resistant plants. Pest control is often done through the use of pesticides , which may be either organic or artificially synthesized. Pesticides may affect the ecology of a garden due to their effects on the populations of both target and non-target species. For example, unintended exposure to some neonicotinoid pesticides has been proposed as a factor in the recent decline in honey bee populations.

Other means of control include the removal of infected plants, using fertilizers and biostimulants to improve the health and vigour of plants so they better resist attack, practising crop rotation to prevent pest build-up, using companion planting , [23] and practising good garden hygiene, such as disinfecting tools and clearing debris and weeds which may harbour pests.

These guns are especially effective inside of barns and sheds, as the snake shot will not shoot holes in the roof or walls, or more importantly injure livestock with a ricochet.

The Basics of Gardening

They are also used for pest control at airports , warehouses , stockyards , etc. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For planting a plain-text to be encrypted by an adversary, see Gardening cryptanalysis. For persons who garden, see Gardener. List of garden types. Gardening portal Agriculture portal. The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other Gardens of Complete Design. The forest-garden farms of Kandy, Sri Lanka. An Illustrated History of British Gardening. Lane , de-mythologised the origins of the English cottage garden, and its treasured topiary among the vegetables and flowers, popularly supposed to represent heirlooms from the seventeenth century.

Illustrated History of Landscape Design. John Wiley and Sons. A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture. American Community Garden Association. Archived from the original on 4 December A look at Community Gardens. Social Policy and Administration. The number-one leisure activity in the United States is gardening. Planning and planting a productive plot.