Euthanasia -- Germany -- History -- 20th century. National socialism and science. National socialism and medicine.
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You will be interested to know that your work has played a powerful part in shaping the opinions of the group of intellectuals who are behind Hitler in this epoch-making program. Everywhere I sensed that their opinions have been tremendously stimulated by American thought I want you, my dear friend, to carry this thought with you for the rest of your life, that you have really jolted into action a great government of 60 million people.
Eugenics researcher Harry H. Laughlin often bragged that his Model Eugenic Sterilization laws had been implemented in the Nuremberg racial hygiene laws. Due to financial limitations, Laughlin was unable to attend the ceremony and had to pick it up from the Rockefeller Institute.
Nazi eugenics - Wikipedia
Afterwards, he proudly shared the award with his colleagues, remarking that he felt that it symbolized the "common understanding of German and American scientists of the nature of eugenics. Adolf Hitler read about racial hygiene during his imprisonment in Landsberg Prison. Hitler believed the nation had become weak, corrupted by dysgenics , the infusion of degenerate elements into its bloodstream.
The racialism and idea of competition, termed social Darwinism in , were discussed by European scientists and also in the Vienna press during the s. Where Hitler picked up the ideas is uncertain. The theory of evolution had been generally accepted in Germany at the time, but this sort of extremism was rare.
He endorsed what he perceived to be an early eugenics treatment of deformed children:. The exposure of the sick, weak, deformed children, in short, their destruction, was more decent and in truth a thousand times more humane than the wretched insanity of our day which preserves the most pathological subject, and indeed at any price, and yet takes the life of a hundred thousand healthy children in consequence of birth control or through abortions , in order subsequently to breed a race of degenerates burdened with illnesses.
In organizing their eugenics program the Nazis were inspired by the United States' programs of forced sterilization , especially on the eugenics laws that had been enacted in California.
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The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring , enacted on July 14, , allowed the compulsory sterilisation of any citizen who according to the opinion of a "Genetic Health Court" suffered from a list of alleged genetic disorders and required physicians to register every case of hereditary illness known to them, except in women over 45 years of age. In , the first year of the Law's operation, nearly 4, persons appealed against the decisions of sterilization authorities.
A total of 3, of the appeals failed. By the end of the Nazi regime, over Hereditary Health Courts Erbgesundheitsgerichte were created, and under their rulings over , persons were sterilized against their will. Hartheim Euthanasia Centre was also part of the euthanasia programme where the Nazis killed individuals they deemed disabled.
The first method used involved transporting patients by buses in which the engine exhaust gases were passed into the interior of the buses, and so killed the passengers.
Gas chambers were developed later and used pure carbon monoxide gas to kill the patients. Under Fischer, the sterilization of so-called Rhineland Bastards was undertaken. Grafeneck Castle was one of Nazi Germany's killing centers, and today it is a memorial place dedicated to the victims of the Action T4.
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The law also described procedures for 'denunciation' and 'evaluation' of persons, who were then sent to a Genetic Health Court where sterilization was decided. Information to determine who was considered 'genetically sick' was gathered from routine information supplied by people to doctor's offices and welfare departments. Standardized questionnaires had been designed by Nazi officials with the help of Dehomag a subsidiary of IBM in the s , so that the information could be encoded easily onto Hollerith punch cards for fast sorting and counting.
This file was to contain reports from doctors, but also courts, insurance companies, sports clubs, the Hitler Youth, the military, the labor service, colleges, etc. Any institution that gave information would get information back in return. After the Nazis passed the Nuremberg Laws in , it became compulsory for both marriage partners to be tested for hereditary diseases in order to preserve the perceived racial purity of the Aryan race. Everyone was encouraged to carefully evaluate his or her prospective marriage partner eugenically during courtship.
Members of the SS were cautioned to carefully interview prospective marriage partners to make sure they had no family history of hereditary disease or insanity, but to do this carefully so as not to hurt the feelings of the prospective fiancee and, if it became necessary to reject her for eugenic reasons, to do it tactfully and not cause her any offense. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Eugenics in the United States. The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
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Retrieved July 29, Cultural Locations of Disability. University of Michigan Press. Medicine Under the Nazis. Race Hygiene and National Efficiency: The Eugenics of Wilhelm Schallmayer. University of California Press. Wilhelm Schallmayer who, along with Alfred Ploetz , founded German eugenics.
The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Univ of North Carolina Press.