Bully Down

Research indicates that adults who bully have authoritarian personalities, combined with a strong need to control or dominate.

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Often, bullying takes place in the presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases, it is the bully's ability to create the illusion that he or she has the support of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the "bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, norm within the group. Unless action is taken, a " culture of bullying " is often perpetuated within a group for months, years, or longer.

Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not. In addition to communication of clear expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual self-efficacy, there is growing research that suggests interventions should build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong. Among adults, being a bystander to workplace bullying was linked to depression, particularly in women. Cook says that "A typical victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts, experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and isolated by peers".

They may also have physical characteristics that make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly. The results of a meta-analysis conducted by Cook and published by the American Psychological Association in concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of social problem-solving skills.

Children who are bullied often show physical or emotional signs, such as: Mona O'Moore of the Anti-Bullying Centre at Trinity College in Dublin, has written, "There is a growing body of research which indicates that individuals, whether child or adult, who are persistently subjected to abusive behavior are at risk of stress related illness which can sometimes lead to suicide". Bullying can cause loneliness , depression , anxiety , lead to low self-esteem and increased susceptibility to illness. Even though there is evidence that bullying increases the risk of suicide, bullying alone does not cause suicide.

Depression is one of the main reasons why kids who are bullied die by suicide. When someone feels unsupported by family or friends, it can make the situation much worse for the victim. In a self-report study completed in New York by 9th through 12th graders, victims of bullying reported more depressive symptoms and psychological distress than those who did not experience bullying. Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide attempts. The place where youth live also appears to differentiate their bullying experiences such that those living in more urban areas who reported both being bullied and bullying others appear to show higher risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts.

This can be related to the anonymity behind social media. The study emphasizes the importance of implementing program-collaborations in schools to have programs and anti-bullying interventions in place to prevent and properly intervene when it occurs. While some people find it very easy to ignore a bully, others may find it very difficult and reach a breaking point. There have been cases of apparent bullying suicides that have been reported closely by the media.

Over 16 percent of students seriously consider suicide, 13 percent create a plan, and 8 percent have made a serious attempt. Some have argued that bullying can teach life lessons and instill strength. Helene Guldberg, a child development academic, sparked controversy when she argued that being a target of bullying can teach a child "how to manage disputes and boost their ability to interact with others", and that teachers should not intervene, but leave children to respond to the bullying themselves.

The teaching of such anti-bullying coping skills to "would-be-targets" [ not in citation given ] and to others has been found to be an effective long term means of reducing bullying incidence rates and a valuable skill-set for individuals. Research on the dark triad narcissism , Machiavellianism and psychopathy indicate a correlation with bullying as part of evidence of the aversive nature of those traits. Bullying is abusive social interaction between peers which can include aggression, harassment, and violence.

Bullying is typically repetitive and enacted by those who are in a position of power over the victim.

Cancer Research to cut funding for scientists who bully colleagues | Science | The Guardian

A growing body of research illustrates a significant relationship between bullying and emotional intelligence EI. EI seems to play an important role in both bullying behavior and victimization in bullying; given that EI is illustrated to be malleable, EI education could greatly improve bullying prevention and intervention initiatives. Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of bullying.

Cyberbullying includes, but is not limited to, abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging, websites, social networking sites, etc. Particular watchdog organizations have been designed to contain the spread of cyberbullying. It has been noted that disabled people are disproportionately affected by bullying and abuse, and such activity has been cited as a hate crime.

There is an additional problem that those with learning disabilities are often not as able to explain things to other people, so are more likely to be disbelieved or ignored if they do complain. Gay bullying and gay bashing designate direct or indirect verbal or physical actions by a person or group against someone who is gay or lesbian, or perceived to be so due to rumors or because they are considered to fit gay stereotypes. Gay and lesbian youth are more likely than straight youth to report bullying. Legal bullying is the bringing of a vexatious legal action to control and punish a person.

Legal bullying can often take the form of frivolous, repetitive, or burdensome lawsuits brought to intimidate the defendant into submitting to the litigant's request, not because of the legal merit of the litigant's position, but principally due to the defendant's inability to maintain the legal battle. In , the UK Ministry of Defence MOD defined bullying as "the use of physical strength or the abuse of authority to intimidate or victimize others, or to give unlawful punishments". Some argue that this behaviour should be allowed, due to ways in which "soldiering" is different from other occupations.

Soldiers expected to risk their lives should, according to them, develop strength of body and spirit to accept bullying. Parents who may displace their anger, insecurity, or a persistent need to dominate and control upon their children in excessive ways have been proven to increase the likelihood that their own children will in turn become overly aggressive or controlling towards their peers. An environment known for bullying is in prisons. An additional complication is the staff and their relationships with the inmates.

Thus the following possible bullying scenarios are possible:. Bullying can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and activities such as recess. Bullying in school sometimes consists of a group of students taking advantage of or isolating one student in particular and gaining the loyalty of bystanders who want to avoid becoming the next target.

In the documentary Bully , we see first hand the torture that kids go through both in school and while on the school bus. As the movie follows around a few kids we see how bullying affects them both at school as well as in their homes. While bullying has no age limit, these bullies may taunt and tease their target before finally physically bullying them.

THE CONTROL FREAK

Bystanders typically choose to either participate or watch, sometimes out of fear of becoming the next target. Bullying can also be perpetrated by teachers and the school system itself; there is an inherent power differential in the system that can easily predispose to subtle or covert abuse relational aggression or passive aggression , humiliation , or exclusion — even while maintaining overt commitments to anti-bullying policies. In , in Canada, a North American legal precedent was set by a mother and her son, after the son was bullied in his public school. The mother and son won a court case against the Ottawa-Carleton District School Board, making this the first case in North America where a school board has been found negligent in a bullying case for failing to meet the standard of care the "duty of care" that the school board owes to its students.

Thus, it sets a precedent of a school board being found liable in negligence for harm caused to a child, because they failed to protect a child from the bullying actions of other students. There has been only one other similar bullying case and it was won in Australia in Oyston v. Sexual bullying is "Any bullying behaviour, whether physical or non-physical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender.

It is when sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other boys or girls — although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of technology. Trans bashing is the act of victimizing a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are transgender or transsexual.

Workplace bullying occurs when an employee experiences a persistent pattern of mistreatment from others in the workplace that causes harm. This type of workplace aggression is particularly difficult because, unlike the typical forms of school bullying , workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organization and their society.

Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by someone in authority over the target. However, bullies can also be peers, and occasionally can be subordinates. The first known documented use of "workplace bullying" is in in a book by Andrea Adams called Bullying at Work: How to Confront and Overcome It. Research has also investigated the impact of the larger organizational context on bullying as well as the group-level processes that impact on the incidence, and maintenance of bullying behavior.

It may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization. Negative effects are not limited to the targeted individuals, and may lead to a decline in employee morale and a change in organizational culture. Bullying in academia is workplace bullying of scholars and staff in academia, especially places of higher education such as colleges and universities. It is believed to be common, although has not received as much attention from researchers as bullying in some other contexts.

Bullying has been identified as prominent in blue collar jobs, including on oil rigs and in mechanic shops and machine shops. It is thought that intimidation and fear of retribution cause decreased incident reports. In industry sectors dominated by males, typically of little education, where disclosure of incidents are seen as effeminate, reporting in the socioeconomic and cultural milieu of such industries would likely lead to a vicious circle. This is often used in combination with manipulation and coercion of facts to gain favour among higher-ranking administrators.

A culture of bullying is common in information technology IT , leading to high sickness rates, low morale, poor productivity, and high staff-turnover. Bullying in the legal profession is believed to be more common than in some other professions. It is believed that its adversarial, hierarchical tradition contributes towards this. Bullying in the medical profession is common, particularly of student or trainee doctors and of nurses. It is thought that this is at least in part an outcome of conservative traditional hierarchical structures and teaching methods in the medical profession, which may result in a bullying cycle.

Even though The American Nurses Association believes that all nursing personnel have the right to work in safe, non-abusive environments, bullying has been identified as being particularly prevalent in the nursing profession although the reasons are not clear. It is thought that relational aggression psychological aspects of bullying such as gossipping and intimidation are relevant. Or a manager who tears you down and blames you for it. Regardless, these bullies are all too common in the workplace. To stop the behavior, always try talking to them in person. But when it seems like everything you do is just wrong?

It's destructive—and worth addressing. Starting with a "I" statement, share your feelings. Tell them that you're grateful for their advice, but would appreciate a different approach, preferably with some positivity and less nitpicking. Do they refuse to quit? Say thanks and accept their judgment openly—if you can't get a rise out of you, they may just stop. Many of us are still trying to find our footing in the workplace. This negative attitude can be especially distressing if you are in a new place, feeling unsure, and searching for someone to connect with. Keep in mind that you don't know the person's story.

If you have trouble figuring this out many people who bully do , you might ask someone else to help you think of the other person's side. Bullying behavior backfires and makes everyone feel miserable — even the bullies.

Workplace bullying

People might feel intimidated by bullies, but they don't respect them. If you would rather that people see your strength and character — even look up to you as a leader — find a way to use your power for something positive rather than to put others down. Do you really want people to think of you as unkind, abusive, and mean?

It's never too late to change, although changing a pattern of bullying might seem difficult at first. Ask an adult you respect for some mentoring or coaching on how you could change. If the environment at your school supports bullying, working to change it can help.

For example, there might be areas where bullies harass people, such as in stairwells or courtyards that are unobserved by staff. Because a lot of bullying takes part in the presence of peers the bully wants to be recognized and feel powerful, after all , enlisting the help of friends or a group is a good way to change the culture and stand up to bullies.

You can try to talk to the bully. If you don't feel comfortable in a face-to-face discussion, leave a note in the bully's locker. Try to point out that his or her behavior is serious and harmful. This can work well in group situations, such as if you notice that a member of your group has started to pick on or shun another member. Most people hesitate to speak out because it can be hard. It takes confidence to stand up to a bully — especially if he or she is one of the established group leaders. But chances are that other students witnessing the bullying behavior feel as uncomfortable as you do — they just don't speak up.

Perhaps they feel that they're not popular enough to take a stand or worry that they're vulnerable and the bully will turn on them. Staying quiet even though they don't like the bully's behavior is a way to distance themselves from the person who is the target. When a group of people keeps quiet like this, the bully's reach is extending beyond just one person. He or she is managing to intimidate lots of people. But when one person speaks out against a bully, the reverse happens.

It gives others license to add their support and take a stand, too. Another way to combat bullying is to join your school's anti-violence program or, if your school doesn't have one, to start one of your own. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.