Energy can be conserved by reducing wastage and losses, improving efficiency through technological upgrades and improved operation and maintenance. On a global level energy use can also be reduced by the stabilisation of population growth. Energy can only be transformed from one form to other, such as heat energy to motive power in cars, or kinetic energy of water flow to electricity in hydroelectric power plants. However machines are required to transform energy from one form to other. It is possible to minimize these losses by adopting green engineering practices to improve life cycle of the components.
Also 3 books by same author published earlier on wear, surface engineering and global warming. Some countries employ energy or carbon taxes to motivate energy users to reduce their consumption. Carbon taxes can force consumption to shift to nuclear power and other energy sources that carry different sets of environmental side effects and limitations. On the other hand, taxes on all energy consumption can reduce energy use across the board while reducing a broader array of environmental consequences arising from energy production. The state of California employs a tiered energy tax whereby every consumer receives a baseline energy allowance that carries a low tax.
As usage increases above that baseline, the tax increases drastically. Such programs aim to protect poorer households while creating a larger tax burden for high energy consumers. One of the primary ways to improve energy conservation in buildings is to perform an energy audit. An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of energy use and flows for energy conservation in a building, process or system with an eye toward reducing energy input without negatively affecting output.
Description
This is normally accomplished by trained professionals and can be part of some of the national programs discussed above. Recent development of smartphone apps enables homeowners to complete relatively sophisticated energy audits themselves. Building technologies and smart meters can allow energy users, both commercial and residential, to visualize the impact their energy use can have in their workplace or homes.
Advanced real-time energy metering can help people save energy by their actions. In passive solar building design , windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer.
- Von Liebe, Freundschaft und ganz viel Herz (German Edition).
- Eres lo que dices: Cambia tu vida con el poder de tus palabras (Spanish Edition).
- Penny Lane.
- Product Innovation Toolbox: A Field Guide to Consumer Understanding and Research;
This is called passive solar design or climatic design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate.
Elements to be considered include window placement and glazing type, thermal insulation , thermal mass , and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be retrofitted. In the United States, suburban infrastructure evolved during an age of relatively easy access to fossil fuels, which has led to transportation-dependent systems of living.
Zoning reforms that allow greater urban density as well as designs for walking and bicycling can greatly reduce energy consumed for transportation. The use of telecommuting by major corporations is a significant opportunity to conserve energy, as many Americans now work in service jobs that enable them to work from home instead of commuting to work each day. Consumers are often poorly informed of the savings of energy efficient products. A prominent example of this is the energy savings that can be made by replacing an incandescent light bulb with a more modern alternative.
Navigation menu
When purchasing light bulbs, many consumers opt for cheap incandescent bulbs, failing to take into account their higher energy costs and lower lifespans when compared to modern compact fluorescent and LED bulbs. Although these energy-efficient alternatives have a higher upfront cost, their long lifespan and low energy use can save consumers a considerable amount of money. Many LED bulbs on the market qualify for utility rebates that further reduce the price of purchase to the consumer.
The research one must put into conserving energy is often too time consuming and costly for the average consumer when there are cheaper products and technology available using today's fossil fuels. To provide the kind of information and support people need to invest money, time and effort in energy conservation, it is important to understand and link to people's topical concerns.
However, health studies have demonstrated that headache, stress , blood pressure , fatigue and worker error all generally increase with the common over-illumination present in many workplace and retail settings. In warm climates where air conditioning is used, any household device that gives off heat will result in a larger load on the cooling system.
Items such as stoves, dish washers, clothes dryers, hot water and incandescent lighting all add heat to the home. Low-power or insulated versions of these devices give off less heat for the air conditioning to remove. The air conditioning system can also improve in efficiency by using a heat sink that is cooler than the standard air heat exchanger, such as geothermal or water. In cold climates, heating air and water is a major demand on household energy use. Significant energy reductions are possible by using different technologies.
Heat pumps are a more efficient alternative to electrical resistance heaters for warming air or water. A variety of efficient clothes dryers are available, and the clothes lines requires no energy- only time. Natural-gas condensing boilers and hot-air furnaces increase efficiency over standard hot-flue models. New construction implementing heat exchangers can capture heat from waste water or exhaust air in bathrooms, laundry and kitchens. In both warm and cold climate extremes, airtight thermal insulated construction is the largest factor determining the efficiency of a home.
Insulation is added to minimize the flow of heat to or from the home, but can be labor-intensive to retrofit to an existing home. Despite the vital role energy efficiency is expected to play in cost-effectively cutting energy demand, only a small part of its economic potential is exploited in the Asia. Governments have implemented a range of subsidies such as cash grants, cheap credit, tax exemptions, and co-financing with public-sector funds to encourage a range of energy-efficiency initiatives across several sectors. Governments in the Asia-Pacific region have implemented a range of information provision and labeling programs for buildings, appliances, and the transportation and industrial sectors.
Information programs can simply provide data, such as fuel-economy labels, or actively seek to encourage behavioral changes, such as Japan's Cool Biz campaign that encourages setting air conditioners at degrees Celsius and allowing employees to dress casually in the summer. As part of the EU's SAVE Programme, [22] aimed at promoting energy efficiency and encouraging energy-saving behavior, the Boiler Efficiency Directive [23] specifies minimum levels of efficiency for boilers utilizing liquid or gaseous fuels. The Petroleum Conservation Research Association PCRA is an Indian governmental body created in that engages in promoting energy efficiency and conservation in every walk of life.
In the recent past PCRA has done mass-media campaigns in television, radio, and print media. An impact-assessment survey by a third party revealed that due to these larger campaigns by PCRA, the public's overall awareness level has gone up leading to saving of fossil fuels worth crores of rupees, besides reducing pollution. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency is an Indian government organization created in that is responsible for promoting energy efficiency and conservation.
Since the oil crisis , energy conservation has been an issue in Japan.
- .
- Description;
- Electrical Energy Efficiency: Technologies and Applications.
All oil-based fuel is imported, so domestic sustainable energy is being developed. The Energy Conservation Center [24] promotes energy efficiency in every aspect of Japan. Public entities are implementing the efficient use of energy for industries and research. It includes projects such as the Top Runner Program. In Lebanon and since The Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation LCEC has been promoting the development of efficient and rational uses of energy and the use of renewable energy at the consumer level.
Until recently, Nepal has been focusing on the exploitation of its huge water resources to produce hydro power. Demand side management and energy conservation was not in the focus of government action. The aim of the programme is the promotion of energy efficiency in policy making, in rural and urban households as well as in the industry. The Energy Efficiency Centre is a non-profit initiative that is offering energy auditing services to the industries.
Constant set point control 4. Humidity Limitation of the flow air 4. Automatic control of pressure or flow 4.
Electrical Energy Efficiency: Technologies and Applications
Set point external temperature-dependent 4. Control function of flow air humidity 4. Presence Control Function 4. Function to set point, load-dependent 4. Function of switch on manual and automatic shut-off 4. Motorized control with automatic drive control of the sunscreens 4. Automatic daylight control function 4. Technical building management 4. Function centralized control 4. Technical installations in the building 4. Function of fault detection, diagnosis and provision of technical support 4.
Function of the report on energy use, internal conditions and possibilities for improvement 5. The estimate of building energy performance 5. European Standard EN 5. Automation Classes for energy efficiency 5. Definition of automation Classes 5. RMS voltage level 5. Effects on energy efficiency 5. Sources of voltage fluctuations 5. Effects and cost 5. Voltage and current unbalance 5.
Energy conservation - Wikipedia
Effect and cost 5. Voltage and current distortion 5. Technologies of distributed energy resources 6. Impact of DG on power losses in distribution networks 6. Energy storage applications 6. Management and control 6. Energy and lighting systems 8. Energy consumption in lighting systems 8. Energy efficiency in lighting systems 8. Technological advances in lighting systems 8. Efficient light sources 8.
Energy efficiency in indoor lighting systems 8. Policy actions to support energy efficiency 8. Energy efficiency in outdoor lighting systems 8. Efficient lamps and luminaires 8. Outdoor lighting controls 8. Control methods for induction motors and PMSM 9. Energy optimal control methods 9. Energy optimal control strategies 9. Topology of the variable speed drive 9. New trends on power semiconductors 9. Review of different modulation methods.