The members of the National Ecclesiastical Assembly are elected by the individual Diocesan Assemblies. The Council of Bishops is an administrative-deliberative body presided over by the Catholicos of All Armenians. It makes suggestions on the dogmatic, religious, church, parish and canonical issues to be discussed as agenda items during the National Ecclesiastical Assembly.
The Diocesan Assembly is the highest legislative canonical body of each Diocese and is headed by the Primate of the Diocese. The Diocesan delegates representatives of each parish community elect the delegates to the National Ecclesiastical Assembly, the members of the Diocesan Council as well as discuss and decide on administrative issues within the Diocese such as committees, budgets, building, etc.
The Diocesan Council is the highest executive power of a diocese, presided over by the Primate of the Diocese. It regulates the inner administrative activity of the Diocese under the direction of the Primate. The Diocesan Assembly elects members of the Diocesan Council.
The Monastic Brotherhood consists of the celibate clergy of the monastery who are led by an abbot. As of , there were three brotherhoods in the Armenian Church — the brotherhood of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, the brotherhood of St.
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Each Armenian celibate priest becomes a member of the brotherhood in which he has studied and ordained in or under the jurisdiction of which he has served. The brotherhood makes decisions concerning the inner affairs of the monastery. Each brotherhood elects two delegates who take part in the National Ecclesiastical Assembly. The Parish Assembly is the general assembly of the community presided over by the spiritual pastor. The Parish Assembly elects or appoints the members of the Parish Council and the representatives or delegates to the Diocesan Assembly. The Parish Council is the executive-administrative body of the community.
It is presided over by the spiritual pastor of the community who takes up the inner administrative affairs of the parish and is engaged in the realization of its administrative and financial activities.
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Members of the parish council are elected or appointed at the parish assembly. The Armenian Apostolic Church is one of a few apostolic churches in the world to have a democratic system; the people decide if they want to keep priests in their churches and may ask for different ones, as do some other ecclesiastical constitutions, such as Baptists and other Congregational churches. The Armenian Apostolic Church currently has two Sees, with the Catholicos of All Armenians residing in Etchmiadzin , Armenia , at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, having pre-eminent supremacy in all spiritual matters over the See of Cilicia , located in Antelias, Lebanon , which administers to the dioceses under its jurisdiction as they see fit.
The two Sees are as follows:.
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Preserving the past are the numerous museums, libraries and the Mother Cathedral itself, all holding a vast richness of history and treasures. The Mother See is responsible for the preservation of artifacts, both those created by the Church and those given to the church as gifts over time. Carrying on the work of the present and future are the innumerable departments and programs of the Armenian Church. Under the leadership and guidance of Karekin II, the Mother See administers to social, cultural and educational programs for Armenia and the Diaspora.
The Mother Cathedral is the most recognised landmark of the Armenian Church. Built and consecrated by St. Gregory the Illuminator and St. It is said that St. Gregory chose the location of the Cathedral in accordance with a vision. In his dream he saw "Miatsin", the Only Begotten Son of God, with glittering light on his face descending from the Heavens and with a golden hammer striking the ground where the Cathedral was to be located. Hence comes the name "Etchmiadzin", which translates literally to "the place" where Miatsin descended.
In the United States, Canada, Syria, and Greece there are also Dioceses that are related to the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, so there is duality of representation of the Armenian Apostolic churches in these countries. The rise of the Great House of Cilicia as an autocephalous church occurred after the fall of Ani and the Armenian Kingdom of the Bagradits in Masses of Armenians migrated to Cilicia and the Catholicosate was established there.
The seat of the church now known as the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia was first established in Sivas AD moving to Tavbloor , then to Dzamendav , Dzovk , Hromgla , and finally to Sis , then-capital of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. Beginning in and continuing for more than six centuries, the city of Sis modern-day Kozan, Adana , Turkey was the center of the Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia. After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia , in , the Church continued in its leadership role in the Armenian community, and the Catholicos was recognized as Ethnarch Head of Nation.
Since , there have continued to be two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church, each having rights and privileges, and each with its own jurisdiction. Sophia of Sis which can be seen to dominate the town in early 20th-century photographs , was destroyed. The division of the two Catholicosates stemmed from frequent relocations of Church headquarters due to political and military upheavals. The division between the two sees intensified during the Soviet period and to some extent reflected the politics of the Cold War. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation ARF Dashnaktsutyun social democratic political party that had dominated the independent Armenia from to and was active in the diaspora, saw the Church and clergy, with its worldwide headquarters at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin in the Soviet Republic of Armenia , as a captive Communist puppet, and accused its clergy in the US as unduly influenced by Communists, particularly as the clergy were reluctant to participate in nationalist events and memorials that could be perceived as anti-Soviet.
Nine ARF members were later arrested, tried and convicted. The incident divided the Armenian community, as ARF sympathizers established congregations independent of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, declaring loyalty instead to the See based in Antelias in Lebanon. The division was formalized in when the Antelias Cilician See accepted to provide spiritual and religious guidance to those communities that the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin refused.
The separation has become entrenched in the United States, with most large Armenian communities having two parish churches, one answering to each See, even though they are theologically indistinguishable. There have been numerous lay and clergy efforts at reunion, especially since the fall of the Soviet Union.
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He was unable to unite the two Catholicosates, however, despite his having headed both. The Armenian Apostolic Church also has two Patriarchates of high authority both under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of All Armenians. Liturgically speaking, the Church has much in common both with the Latin Rite in its externals, especially as it was at the time of separation, as well as with the Eastern Orthodox Church. For example, Armenian bishops wear mitres almost identical to those of Western bishops.
Saint Hripsime Church in Etchmiadzin, Armenia. Vagharshapat, tomb.
They usually do not use a full iconostasis , but rather a sanctuary veil a curtain usually with a cross or divine image in the center, used also by the Syriac Churches. The liturgical music is Armenian chant. Many of the Armenian churches also have pipe organs to accompany their chant.
Armenian priests below the rank of Very Reverend are allowed to be married before ordination and their descendants' surnames are prefixed with the prefix "Der" or "Ter" in Eastern Armenian , meaning "Lord", to indicate their lineage. Such a married priest is known as a kahana. This contrasts with the more common celebration of Christmas on 25 December, originally a Western Christian tradition, which Armenia only briefly adopted before reverting to its original practice.
Since , the church has mainly used the Gregorian Calendar shared by most civil authorities and Western Christian churches not the traditional Armenian calendar. The only exception is the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem, where the old Julian calendar is used, putting Nativity celebrations on 19 January in the Gregorian calendar. When in the s, Abraham-Pierre I Ardzivian, who had earlier become a Catholic, was elected as the patriarch of Sis , he led part of the Armenian Apostolic Church into full communion with the Pope and the Armenian Catholic Church was created.
The Armenian Church does not ordain women to the priesthood. Women do serve as altar girls and lay readers, especially when a parish is so small that not enough boys or men are regularly available to serve. Women commonly serve the church in the choir and at the organ, on parish councils, as volunteers for church events, fundraisers, and Sunday schools, as supporters through Women's Guilds, and as staff members in church offices. In the case of a married priest Der Hayr , the wife of the priest generally plays an active role in the parish and is addressed by the title Yeretzgin.
In limited circumstances, the Armenian Church allows for divorce and remarriage. On April 23, , the Armenian Apostolic Church canonized all the victims of the Armenian Genocide ; this service is believed to be the largest canonization service in history. The status of the Armenian Apostolic Church within the Republic of Armenia is defined in the country's constitution. In , further constitutional amendments were drafted that would make it a crime for non-traditional religious groups to proselytize on adherents of the Apostolic Church.
Minority groups would also be banned from spreading 'distrust' in other faiths. Armenian religious minorities and human rights groups also expressed serious concern over the amendments, with human rights activist Stepan Danielian stating "the Armenian Apostolic Church today wants to have a monopoly on religion". The Armenian Church defines religious groups operating outside its domain as "sects" and, in the words of spokesman Bishop Arshak Khachatrian, considers that "their activities in Armenia are nothing but a denial of the creed of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is considered the national religion of the Armenian people".
Hrant Bagratyan , former Prime Minister of Armenia, condemned the close association of the Armenian Apostolic Church with the Armenian government, calling the Church an "untouchable" organisation that is secretive of its income and expenditure. After the Bolshevik revolution and the subsequent annexation of Armenia by the U. After a while the Armenian Apostolic Church resumed its activities.
There were weddings, baptisms, and every Sunday Church Liturgy at a free will attendance basis. The Armenian Apostolic Church since restored or constructed more than 30 churches worldwide. In the Republic of Artsakh government introduced a law entitled "Freedom of Conscience and Religious Organisations", article 8 of which provided that only the Armenian Apostolic Orthodox Church is allowed to preach on the territory of the Republic of Artsakh. However, the law did make processes available for other religious institutions to get approval from the government if they wished to worship within the Republic.
Lebanon , home to a large and influential Armenian diaspora community with its own political parties, has more than 17 recognized Armenian Apostolic churches. The Armenian presence in Israel is primarily found in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
Syria has one Armenian church, St Sarkis, in Damascus. These churches represent the largest Christian ethnic minorities in these predominantly Muslim countries. The United Kingdom has three Armenian churches: Ethiopia has had an Armenian church since the s, when groups of Armenians were invited there after the Armenian Holocaust by the Ottoman Empire.
The Armenian Apostolic Church is "seen by many as the custodian of Armenian national identity". Early medieval opponents of the Armenian Church in Armenia included the Paulicians 7th-9th centuries and the Tondrakians 9thth centuries. The power relationship between catholicoi and secular rulers was sometimes a source of conflict. In king Hovhannes-Smbat of Ani deposed and imprisoned Catholicos Petros , who he suspected of holding pro-Byzantine views, and appointed a replacement catholicos.
This persecution was highly criticized by the Armenian clergy, forcing Hovhannes-Smbat to release Petros and reinstall him to his former position. In a major ecclesiastical council was held in Ani, which denied the king the right to elect or remove a catholicos. Architecture historian Samvel Karapetyan has criticized many aspects of the Armenian Apostolic Church, especially its role in Armenian history.
Karapetyan particularly denounces, what he calls, Armenian Church's loyal service to foreign invaders: In independent Armenia, the Armenian Apostolic Church has often been criticized for its perceived support of the government despite the formal separation of church and state in Armenia. He called the church an "untouchable" organization that is secretive of its income and expenditure.
In recent years, several high-profile leaders of the church have been involved in controversies. He added "Archbishop Kchoyan's reckless disregard and attitude is even more unacceptable due to his position in the Armenian Church. A spokesperson for the Armenian Apostolic Church stated that it is his personal view. In Agos published a report about child abuse during the 90s at the Jarankavorats Armenian School in Jerusalem.
According to the report several of the clergymen raped a young male student. This story first aired in a documentary aired on Israeli television. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. National church of Armenia. For other uses, see Armenian Church disambiguation. Etchmiadzin Cathedral , the mother church of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Autonomous churches grouped by tradition: Cilicia , Constantinople , Jerusalem Syriac: Abuna Catholicos Coptic cross Cross of St.
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