The effect of the Civil Rights era would lead to dramatic changes for Black America in the coming decades. In the African American population was After the civil rights era the African American population began a noticeable split. Black consumers started spending more of their money at White owned businesses resulting in the demise of many Black owned businesses.
Also, many Middle class and upwardly mobile African Americans who would have opened businesses were, instead, taking advantage of newly available education and employment opportunities within corporate America and the government. These combined factors added to the lack of business and job creation from within the Black community because getting a good job was viewed as more attainable and financially stable than creating a business. With the end of housing discrimination policies White suburbs all across America began to experience an increase of African Americans.
Most suburbs remained overwhelmingly White while some in large cities became majority Black middle class neighborhoods. By African Americans made up almost half of the total population growth in the Detroit suburbs. From to the Black population in the city of Detroit decreased for the first time in history. Poverty in the city increased and became more concentrated.
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The city lost much of its tax base and more than half of its total population and today it is widely used as the prime example of urban decay. This same pattern was repeated all across America. As of , ninety percent of the Black population in metropolitan Detroit resided in either Detroit or four of its suburbs.
Suburban Black middle-class neighborhoods began filling undeveloped land all throughout the southern half of Metro Atlanta in DeKalb, South Fulton, and Clayton Counties. Because of the lack of job development in the southern suburbs most still had to commute downtown or to job centers on the opposite side of Atlanta north.
Despite this many have considered the Atlanta Metro to be the New Black Mecca, allegedly replacing Harlem as the African American center of business and culture and beginning to eclipse Los Angeles and New York as the center of African American entertainment. The Atlanta metropolitan Black population would become the second largest in the nation by with 1. Despite having large concentrations of Black middle-class residents, these communities still lacked an economic base of business development to help support infrastructure, job growth, health and community services, as well as other basic forms of commercial development.
They were often located too far from areas with job and infrastructure growth and required lengthy commutes. The same pattern exists in Chicago, Houston, St Louis, and other cities which placed the biggest corporate investment on the opposite side of the metropolitan areas from the Black middle class. Black Poverty The flight of the Black middle class left behind even poorer more isolated and less educated Black communities in traditionally Black neighborhoods with crumbling infrastructures in cities and towns all across America.
The result was an increased use of heavy handed policing particularly focused on Black men. As a result an alarming number of Black men have been removed from the workforce and deemed unemployable because of drug related non-violent felony crime records. This greatly affected the extremely poor and a large number of now single income middle-class Black families who actually had been surviving only a pay period away from the poverty line.
At the same time they became less of a factor in the future of middle class Black families. From to the Black population grew from Density of the Black Population in This was the largest number of Africans coming to the U. African immigrants tend to have a higher than average socioeconomic status and are literally the most educated of all immigrants to the United States from anywhere else in the world. In an estimated 3. The Great Recession The economic recession of set African American families back more and longer than others. Some of the highest home foreclosure rates happened in the majority Black middle-class suburbs.
African Americans are the only group that has not recovered fully from the recession.
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Recent Rise in Activism With the help of mobile phone videos, social media, and nationwide protests, a resurgence of a s style civil rights movement began in This movement is mainly focused on ending police brutality, discrimination, and mass incarceration. A much smaller lesser-known economic movement of Black business ownership, support, and job creation is also underway. So far, this initiative has failed to gain steam and yield community-impacting results with the majority of the African American community.
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That means for at least 3, years our ancestors controlled the societies, governments, militaries, and economies, of Western Africa. All of this took place before years of being sold across the ocean, enduring slavery, mass rape, racial oppression. The last years have forcibly merged the Black population into one people whose knowledge of its own history had been lost and forgotten.
Since the end of slavery African Americans have gone to great lengths to become a part of the American Dream — with many successes as well as many failures. Today African Americans have failed to fully integrate as a whole into American society and have yet to create an economic job creation engine that will sustain Black communities. Today African American families are more fragile than ever because they are more reliant on single parental incomes, have few investments, and own few assets. If Black America were its own nation it would be a nation of 45 million and would rank 31st in size on earth with a life expectancy higher than other countries.
Therefore the African American community is positioned above most other populations in the world with a unique opportunity to gather its strengths and build a stronger community with not only a great history but also a greater future. This is a post that must be shared. Feel free to help make this post viral. Finding a Place Called Home: Capitalism, Race, and Entrapenuership — Juliet E.
Moss, Jr Life Upon these Shores: This article may at times present copyrighted material, the use of which might not always been specifically authorized by the copyright owner. Such material is made available in an effort to advance understandings of African and African American History. In accordance with Title 17 U. Section , this article is published solely for research and educational purposes. If a documented copyright owner so requests, their material will be removed from published display, although the Author reserves the right to provide linkage to that material or to a source for that material.
Your email address will not be published. Beyond the Hundredth Meridian. Advanced Civilizations of Prehistoric America. Worlds Before Our Own. The Lost Worlds of Ancient America. Lost Race of the Giants. The Graves of the Golden Bear: Ancient Fortresses and Monuments of the Ohio Valley.
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The Story of Wood and Civilization. The Lost Treasure of King Juba. The Lost Colonies of Ancient America. Did You Know That…? Lost History of Ancient America. From the First Rising Sun. Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans. Mysteries of the Hopewell. America Before the European Invasions. The Ultimate Human Conspiracy.
The Lost History of the Little People. The Red Man's Continent: A Chronicle of Aboriginal America. The Prehistory of Home. The Sign and the Seal. Indian New England Before the Mayflower. Book of Mormon Made Easier Pt. A Disability History of the United States. Anthropomorphic and animal figures are painted on the sheer red sandstone walls of the Great Gallery in Utah's Barrier Canyon.
These images, with abstracted heads set on detailed torsos, are among the best prehistoric rock paintings in North America. Potters at La Tolita on Ecuador's coast make large numbers of mould-produced figurines of gods, imaginary beings and humans engaged in a wide variety of daily activities. Pre-Columbian mummies of the Paracas culture are buried in tombs in the Central Andes swaddled in layers of embroidered textiles filled with colourful abstracted images of birds, felines and serpents.
The Hopewell people construct numerous mounds at a site in Ohio. These graves contain a variety of burial goods and ceremonial objects, many of which include materials traded from other regions. Funerary urns are among the finest pieces made.
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Mesoamerican rulers build a monumental city at Tikal, Guatemala as their capital. This city's paved Great Plaza is flanked by an acropolis that serves as the royal cemetery, another acropolis for rulers and several temple-pyramids for important ritual ceremonies and funerary functions. At the Mayan ceremonial site of Palenque in Mexico, the ruler Pacal builds the Temple of the Inscriptions, which derives its name from the hieroglyphs inscribed on panels that decorate the interior.
Pacal's tomb is contained in this temple. Potters in the Mimbres area of the American Southwest begin decorating wares with black designs painted on white surfaces, a technique that continues for more than three centuries. The Mayan ceremonial centre of Bonampak in Mexico contains the most complete cycle of Pre-Columbian wall paintings in the region.
These colourful paintings on stucco present complex scenes of political events, ceremonies and battles. Weavers of the Milagro-Quevedo culture on the coast of Ecuador make high quality and complex textiles with geometric patterns and enhanced with embroidery. Most common and distinctive are those pieces derived from animal shapes but rendered in a highly stylized and abstracted manner.
The Tairona people of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia make highly complex personal ornaments for powerful members of their society. Among the most unusual are composite human-animal figures wearing elaborate headdresses. Ceramics in Southwest North America are dominated by Chaco-style pottery that is characterized by geometric black-and-white designs.
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Weavers in the Chancay Valley of coastal Peru produce high quality textiles with precise geometric designs that are reversible. Mythical figures such as the god Virococha suggest inspiration from other cultures. Spiro Mound in the Ozark Mountains, Oklahoma is a ceremonial burial site in which honoured deceased are buried wrapped in feathered capes or painted textiles and then placed in baskets or bark litters.
One of the few surviving ancient Mexican manuscripts, the Codex Nuttall illustrates the history of important cities in the Mixtec region and provides key biographical details about the ruler Eight-Deer-Jaguar-Claw. People of the Anasazi culture in the Southwest region of North America build the Cliff Palace, one of their multi-storeyed terraced buildings of adobe brick and stone situated on ledges beneath overhanging cliffs. Among the most complex are containers in the forms of figures, depicted wearing clothing with intricate geometric patterns.
Pachacutec erects the citadel Macchu Picchu in the Andes.