The key lies in a celebrated paper by Einstein and his colleagues Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen. Quantum theory requires probability because its formulas do not directly describe things like the precise position of particles. The amplitude of the waves at a particular location translates to the probability that a particle will be found at that point. As the EPR experiment pointed out, according to quantum theory, if two particles—electrons, for example—are initially vibrating in unison a state called coherence , they can remain in wavelike synchronization even if they are separated by a large distance.
Teleportation: will it ever be a possibility? | Technology | The Guardian
If something happens to one electron, some of that information is immediately transmitted to the other, faster than the speed of light. This concept—that particles vibrating in coherence have some kind of deep connection—is called quantum entanglement. But in the s, Alain Aspect and his colleagues in France performed the EPR experiment using entangled photons emitted from calcium atoms and two detectors placed 13 meters 40 feet apart. The results agreed precisely with quantum theory. Yet it is entanglement that opens the door to teleportation.
In scientists at IBM , led by Charles Bennett, showed that it was physically possible to teleport objects, at least at the atomic level, using the EPR experiment. Precisely speaking, they showed that you could teleport all the information contained within a particle.
Two particles with the same information are identical, so teleporting the information is essentially the same as teleporting the particle itself. Since then, physicists have been able to teleport photons and entire cesium atoms. Within a few decades, scientists may be able to teleport a DNA molecule or even a virus. In these teleportation experiments, physicists start with, say, two atoms, A and C. Suppose we wish to teleport information from atom A to atom C. We begin by having a third atom, B, that starts out entangled with C. Now atom A comes in contact with atom B, so that the information content of atom A is transferred to atom B.
This means that anyone being teleported in this way would die in the process. But the information content of his body would instantly appear somewhere else. In other words, he would die in one place but be reborn in another. In Ashton Bradley of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics in Brisbane proposed another teleportation method, tapping another Einstein insight, a state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate, or BEC, which is one of the coldest substances in the entire universe.
A BEC is one-millionth to one-billionth of a degree above absolute zero, a temperature found only in the laboratory. When certain forms of matter are cooled to near absolute zero, their atoms all tumble down to the lowest energy state, so all of them vibrate in unison. The quantum waves of all the atoms overlap so that, in some sense, a BEC is like a gigantic superatom. Einstein and Satyendra Nath Bose predicted this bizarre state of matter in , but not until was it finally created in the lab.
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Start with a collection of supercold rubidium atoms in a BEC state. Apply a beam of matter, also made of rubidium atoms, to the BEC. These atoms also want to tumble down to the lowest energy state, shedding their excess energy in the form of a pulse of light.
This light beam is then sent down a fiber-optic cable. Remarkably, it contains all the quantum information necessary to describe the original matter beam for instance, the location and velocity of all its atoms. The light beam hits another BEC, which converts it into the original matter beam. Given this progress, when might we be able to teleport ourselves? Physicists hope to teleport complex molecules in the coming years. After that, perhaps a DNA molecule or even a virus could be teleported within decades. There is nothing in principle to prevent us from teleporting an actual person assuming we accept the risks , but the technical problems are staggering.
It takes some of the finest physics laboratories in the world to create coherence between tiny photons of light and individual atoms. By Michio Kaku Thursday, February 28, After that, a DNA molecule or virus could be teleported within decades. If we ever do create them, wormholes could open the door to traveling not just in space but in time as well. Adapted from the book Physics of the Impossible: You might also like. That Word You Heard: Finding the Highways for Migrating Birds.
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I only thought teleportation was something you only saw in the movies. This book really takes you through all debates on if it really is possible. It really makes you think What would you do and where would you go 1st if it was. It gives you the opportunity to enjoy a thought of possibilities,and to wonder if they can be reached one day in the future. I was so Intrigued by the first page I didn't put it down till I was done with the book!! See all 4 reviews.
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Getting Entangled in Quantum Teleportation
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