People were divinely inspired by God with a message, but not in a verbal-like fashion. Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel has written, "To convey what the prophets experienced, the Bible could either use terms of descriptions or terms of indication. Any description of the act of revelation in empirical categories would have produced a caricature.

Book of Enoch - Wikipedia

That is why all the Bible does is to state that revelation happened; how it happened is something they could only convey in words that are evocative and suggestive. Isaiah writes that he received his message through visions, where he would see YHWH , the God of Israel, speaking to angelic beings that surrounded him. Isaiah would then write down the dialogue exchanged between YHWH and the angels.

The Pursuit of God - A. W. Tozer (Christian audiobook)

This form of revelation constitutes the major part of the text of the Book of Isaiah. The same formula of divine revelation is used by other prophets throughout the Tanakh , such as Micaiah in 1 Kings Members of Abrahamic religions , including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, believe that God exists and can in some way reveal his will to people. Members of those religions distinguish between true prophets and false prophets , and there are documents offering criteria by which to distinguish true from false prophets.

The question of epistemology then arises: Some believe that revelation can originate directly from a deity or through an agent such as an angel. One who has experienced such contact with, or communication from, the divine is often called a prophet. All prophets would be mystics, but not all mystics would be prophets. Revelation from a supernatural source is of lesser importance in some other religious traditions, such as Taoism and Confucianism.

Many Christians believe in the possibility and even reality of private revelations , messages from God for individuals, which can come in a variety of ways. Montanism is an example in early Christianity and there are alleged cases today also. They consider these books to be written by human authors under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. They regard Jesus as the supreme revelation of God, with the Bible being a revelation in the sense of a witness to him. Gregory and Nix speak of Biblical inerrancy as meaning that, in its original form, the Bible is totally without error, and free from all contradiction, including the historical and scientific parts.

The Second Epistle of Peter claims that "no prophecy of Scripture comes from someone's own interpretation. For no prophecy was ever produced by the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit " 2 Peter 1: It also speaks of Paul's letters as containing some things "hard to understand, which the ignorant and unstable twist to their own destruction, as they do the other Scriptures". This letter does not specify "the other Scriptures", nor does the term "all Scripture" in 2 Timothy indicate which writings were or would be breathed out by God and useful for teaching, since it does not preclude later works, such as the Book of Revelation and the Epistles of John may have been.

The Catholic Church recognizes 73 books as inspired and forming the Bible 46 books of the Old Testament and 27 books of the New Testament. The most common versions of the Bible that Protestants have today consist of 66 of these books. None of the 66 or 73 books gives a list of revealed books.

Theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher Paul Johannes Tillich — , who sought to correlate culture and faith so that "faith need not be unacceptable to contemporary culture and contemporary culture need not be unacceptable to faith", argued that revelation never runs counter to reason affirming Thomas Aquinas who said that faith is eminently rational , and that both poles of the subjective human experience are complementary. For him, the Bible is not The Revelation ; rather, it points to revelation.

Human concepts can never be considered as identical to God's revelation, and Scripture is written in human language, expressing human concepts. It cannot be considered identical with God's revelation. However, God does reveal himself through human language and concepts, and thus Christ is truly presented in scripture and the preaching of the church. This denomination believes that the president of the church receives revelation directly from God for the direction of the church.

Latter-day Saints believe in an open scriptural canon, and in addition to the Bible and the Book of Mormon , have books of scripture containing the revelations of modern-day prophets such as the Doctrine and Covenants and the Pearl of Great Price. LDS Church leaders from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles have taught during the church's General Conferences that conference talks which are "…[spoken as] moved upon by the Holy Ghost shall be scripture…".

Hence, the belief in continuing revelation. Mormons sustain the President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints as prophet, seer, and revelator—the only person on earth who receives revelation to guide the entire church. They also sustain the two counselors in the First Presidency, as well as the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, as prophets, seers, and revelators.

In the meridian of time, Paul described prophets and apostles in terms of a foundation, with Christ as the cornerstone, which was built to prevent doctrinal shift—"that we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about by every wind of doctrine" Eph 2: To maintain this foundation, new apostles were chosen and ordained to replace those lost to death or transgression, as when Matthias was called by revelation to replace Judas Acts 1: However, as intensifying persecution led to the imprisonment and martyrdom of the apostles, it eventually became impossible to continue the apostolic succession.

This naturally led to much disagreement and schism, which over the centuries culminated in the large number of Christian churches on the earth today. Mormons believe that God resumed his pattern of revelation when the world was again ready, by calling the Prophet Joseph Smith to restore the fullness of the gospel of Jesus Christ to the earth. Each member of the LDS Church is also confirmed a member of the church following baptism and given the "gift of the Holy Ghost" by which each member is encouraged to develop a personal relationship with that divine being and receive personal revelation for their own direction and that of their family.

The Latter Day Saint concept of revelation includes the belief that revelation from God is available to all those who earnestly seek it with the intent of doing good. It also teaches that everyone is entitled to personal revelation with respect to his or her stewardship leadership responsibility. Thus, parents may receive inspiration from God in raising their families, individuals can receive divine inspiration to help them meet personal challenges, church officers may receive revelation for those whom they serve, and so forth. The important consequence of this is that each person may receive confirmation that particular doctrines taught by a prophet are true, as well as gain divine insight in using those truths for their own benefit and eternal progress.

In the church, personal revelation is expected and encouraged, and many converts believe that personal revelation from God was instrumental in their conversion. Smith , the sixth president of the LDS Church, summarized this church's belief concerning revelation by saying, "We believe… in the principle of direct revelation from God to man. Muslims believe that God Arabic: The Qur'an claims to have been revealed word by word and letter by letter. Muslims hold that the message of Islam is the same as the message preached by all the messengers sent by God to humanity since Adam.

Muslims believe that Islam is the oldest of the monotheistic religions because it represents both the original and the final revelation of God to Abraham , Moses , David , Jesus , and Muhammad. He suggested that the author was a certain John the Presbyter, whose name appears elsewhere in ancient writings. Although many today follow Dionysius in his view of authorship, the external evidence seems overwhelmingly supportive of the traditional view. Again, we don't know who wrote the Book of Revelation. It is certainly highly doubtful that it was written by Apostle John.

As we see, the style of writing in the book of Revelation is different from the books that are believed to be from John which are the Gospel of John, 1 John, 2 John and 3 John. The book of Revelation's style seems to be closer to John the Presbyter's writings. This man is known in ancient writings.

There are also many Christian theologians today that hold the same view about the falsety of the book of Revelation. Notice how they said that if he were to identify himself, then it would be hard for them to explain it. Now, notice the author in the Book of Revelation does identify himself as John, but he has a complete different language and style of writing from the other books, which created much uncertainty about its validity in the Church.

My questions here are: Who wrote the Books? And is or is not Saint John supposed to identify himself in his books? And where are his books that have his name on them? Again, keep in mind that the NT was not even documented on paper until to years after Jesus depending on what Christian you talk to. So the dating is way too long for us to be assuming books to belong to certain people. Jesus the "Alpha and Omega".

Not only this quote doesn't prove Jesus as GOD, but it was also written in a book that is unreliable in later bibles. In the original Bibles, the quote doesn't even exist!! Arche of the Creation of God as Alpha and Omega. The "Alpha and Omega" doesn't even exist in the original Bibles!

It's a lie that was later inserted by trinitarians. See the historical proofs in the article. They actually had doubts about "John's apocalypse", which is known today as " the Book of Revelation ". The Book of Revelation is a very important, probably the most important Book in the Bible today, because it has prophecies in it of what Christians believe is for our future today, even though it has nothing to do with our current world. It talks about Jesus soon to years ago will return Revelation I don't know how soon is years to the Bible. All the people that this book was told to had died.

It is round almost like an egg!! In number they are like the sand on the seashore. Gog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal Ezekiel The Gog and Magog army had already been defeated and the Noble Quran confirms their story. There had been historical discoveries that perfectly match the Noble Quran's claims regarding the Gog and Magog, such as the discovery of the "Iron Gates", and other literature that mentions the Gog and Magog army and location. There is even historical documentation about them which matches the Noble Quran in London, England.

Please visit The story of Gog and Magog and the Iron Gates in the Noble Quran and the Bible to see the references and proofs of these historical discoveries and several more. The earth is flat!


  1. Fairy School Drop-out;
  2. Internal consistency of the Bible;
  3. Academic Tools.
  4. .

See all the verses in the Bible that claim the earth is flat. It is a common Christian answer to say "We support Israel because it is God's promised land to the Jews, and He will prevail them against the army of Gog and Magog who seems to be mainly an Islamic army today.

The Book of Ezekiel which came literally thousands of years before the Book of Revelation predicted the attack and defeat of the army of Gog and Magog. As I mentioned above, there had been historical discoveries that perfectly match the Noble Quran's claims regarding the Gog and Magog, such as the discovery of the "Iron Gates", and other literature that mentions the Gog and Magog army and location. The lie sorry to say that of the Book of Revelation, however, also predicts the coming of the army of Gog and Magog.

So, the prediction in the Book of Revelation proves that the writer of the book, lacked a great deal of knowledge about history, because as I said, the event of the Gog and Magog battle i. The point is that the Book of Revelation, however, like most of the Bible today seems to be nothing but a big hoax sorry to say that. It is very doubtful, but yet ironically, very important to the Christians of today.

Would you honestly deep inside yourself call nonsense of this kind the True Living Words of GOD Almighty, especially after knowing that very important early Christian resources thought "the book could not been written by the apostle of John"?

Please visit What parts of the Bible do Muslims believe in? The Books of Paul: Before we start on the analysis of Paul's Books, we must first know that Paul who's Books are believed to be inspired by GOD Almighty Himself and who is a disciple of Jesus peace be upon him never actually met Jesus in person Acts 9: Paul's name used to be Saul. Yet, Paul admittedly wasn't even sure whether the Holy Spirit was inspirning him or not. Jesus had 12 disciples when he was on earth. Paul was not one of them. Paul was a rodent from an infestation of rodents.

The plague of tens 10s of false messiahs and prophets at the time is thoroughly proven [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]. Like the saying goes: Paul was certainly a product of the plenty of false liars that were roaming around: Shortly after Jesus, 10s of false messiahs and prophets emerged. In 1 Corinthians 7: He also contradicted Jesus in other passages. Paul never met Jesus in person. Paul could lift mountains , and Jesus' disciples raising people from the dead. The Bible's metaphoric resurrections. Jesus also abrogated "love" in Matthew 5 with "hate" in Matthew 7, Contradiction in divorce between Jesus and Paul.

Paul literally allowed lying! The end literally justifies the means to him! How can you say that the Bible has corruption in it when Saint Paul in 2 Timothy 3: Paul nullified and contradicted the point of Baptism. My rebuttal to Sam Shamoun's "Demonstrating how Paul's writings nullify Osama's desperate attempts to finding Bible Contradictions" article. The Romantic Origins of Christianity. Paul Versus the Disciples. The Problem with Paul. The Jews did kill Jesus according to Paul. Disciples inviting each others to diner and deciding to "winter there".

The Problem of Paul Regarding Esau. The Problem of Paul. The False Apostle According to Islam. Paul's Dependency on Talmudic Writings: Evidence of New Testament Borrowing. Paul and The 'Inspiration' of Scripture.

Famous Theologians and Historians believe that Paul was not truthful. Is circumcision allowed or not allowed in the Bible? See the clear contradiction between Jesus and Paul. Paul contradicted himself regarding the women's head covering. Paul, Peter and John are in clear contradiction with each others regarding the disbelieving husbands to believing wives! My response to Sam Shamoun's rebuttal to my article "Paul, Peter and John are in clear contradiction with each others regarding the disbelieving husbands to believing wives! The authors of the New Testament had conflicts hostility with each others.

How about for Paul to punch Peter on the face?? That would've been "inspired", wouldn't it? The disciples fighting with each others! Jesus peace be upon him , Paul and the Christian Church. Who's Gospel Is Paul Preaching? Was Paul A Deceiver? Why was Paul prosecuted? Why is Paul still giving offerings? Paul's View of Genealogies. Christian Missionary's Use Of Surah The Book of Romans: Keep in mind that Paul himself admitted that he wasn't sure whether the Holy Spirit was inspiring him or not.

No voice from the early church was ever raised against his authorship. Ok, but notice how in this Book, we see the actual author himself, and in the ones above, we see nothing but conclusions. If GOD was the actual inspirer of all of these Books, then He wouldn't put us in the agony of making some conclusions to figure out His Words.


  • Un an derrière Mélenchon (French Edition).
  • Epistle to the Romans - Wikipedia.
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  • Is GOD the author of confusion? But why must we take every single word that Paul spoke especially during his conversations with others as Words of GOD Almighty?! No Christian believes in that. Paul fought with Saint Peter and accused him of being "clearly in the wrong" Galatians: I don't think so!.

    And since Paul never met Jesus in person Acts 9: Yet, Paul admittedly wasn't even sure whether the Holy Spirit was inspirning him or not , and only claimed that Jesus came to him in person then there is always the possibility of him being untruthful. Since Paul never performed any miracles to help us believe his claim of Prophet hood, then his claim about him being GOD's apostle is just as good as me for instance claiming to be GOD's apostle.

    Benny Hyne, one of today's famous Christian missionaries who have millions of fans world wide, claims and shows on TV how he could cure the paralyzed and makes him walk again. He claims that Jesus is inside him when he performs his so-called miracles. Why can't it be a bunch of liars that he paid and brought on TV, pretend to act paralyzed and pretend to act healed? Paul could just as well be another Benny Hyne, except that Benny Hyne performed miracles that are fake of course , but Paul never performed anything.

    I hope you see how confusing the Bible really is. Its books are believed today from conclusions only as you've seen above, and it is only to be believed by blind faith. Christian Scholars refuting the status of the NT as an inspired scripture. The Books of 1 and 2 Corinthians: For example the long section of 2, , 4 seems abruptly spliced into the narrative of a crisis and its resolution. Identical or similar topics, moreover, seem to be treated several times during the letter. Many judge, therefore, that this letter as it stands incorporates several briefer letters sent to Corinth over a certain span of time.

    If this is so, then Paul himself or, more likely, some other editor clearly took care to gather those letters together and impose some literary unity upon the collection, thus producing the document that has come down to us as the Second Letter to the Corinthians. Again, we have no idea how many people wrote and edited the letters, and we don't know where and when this happened.

    And again, Paul admitted that he wasn't even sure whether the Holy Spirit was inspiring him or not: Internally the letter reveals the stamp of genuineness. The many personal references of the author fit what we know of Paul from other NT books. Again, it was assumed that this book was written by Paul himself. No one knows for sure whether it was Paul or somebody else. The New Testament wasn't even documented until years after the disappearance of Jesus peace be upon him.

    In the early church, all who speak on the subject of authorship ascribe it to Paul. In the 19th century, however, some thought that the heresy refuted in ch. Again, it was assumed that Paul was the one who wrote the Book. So basically we're not certain whether or not Paul wrote the Book. Exposing the Old Testament's historical corruptions. As we see in the introduction above in Jeremiah 8: The Bible is obviously a corrupted book!

    These books, known also as the Pentateuch meaning "five-volumed book" , were referred to in Jewish tradition as the five fifths of the law of Moses. The Bible itself suggests Mosaic authorship of Genesis, since Ac However, a certain amount of later editorial updating does appear to be indicated see, e. So in reality, the book of Genesis had been tampered with by man. It had been corrupted. It is dangerous to consider all of it as the True Living Words of GOD Almighty, because by doing so, we are running into the risk of committing a crime against Him since we are claiming that He spoke words that He never spoke.

    The Bible's Scientific Absurdities! Portions of the book were probably added by scribes or editors from later periods of Israel's history. For example, the protestation of the humility of Moses So in reality, we don't know who were all the authors who wrote the book of Numbers. How is it possible then to call the book of Numbers the True Living Revelations of GOD Almighty if the book had been tampered with by the man-made laws of the scribes?

    As you clearly saw in Jeremiah 8: As we clearly see, there is ample evidence that proves beyond the shadow of the doubt that Moses was not the sole author of the book. He couldn't have possibly have written about his own death. Again, another corrupted book by man in the Bible. If you're not sure, and you still insist on your claim, then you are committing a crime against GOD Almighty's Revelations. Some think that Samuel may have had a hand in shaping or compiling the materials of the book, but in fact we are unsure who the final author or editor was.

    Again, another book whom we don't know who in the world wrote it. Another book with many doubts had been inserted into the Bible. How much more evidence do you need to be convinced that the Bible is corrupted, or to say the least, not a perfect book? Jewish tradition points to Samuel, but it is unlikely that he is the author because the mention of David 4: Again, unknown books with unknown authors had been inserted into the Bible and are now considered GOD's Revelations. Since when do we consider man-made stories and narrations as GOD's Revelations? Literary Form and Authorship , but this cannot be established with certainty.

    Ironically, the book is named as "The book of Job", but yet, Job was not the author, and no one in this world knows who wrote the book. Today, it is considered GOD's Revelations. The notations themselves are ambiguous since the Hebrew phraseology used, meaning in general "belonging to", an also be taken in the sense of "concerning" or "for the use of" or "dedicated to".

    The name may refer to the title of a collection of Psalms that had been gathered under a certain name. Because of the vast range of human feelings expressed in the Psalms, this book remains one of the best loved and most used books of the Bible. Another corruption and man-made alterations had invaded the Bible and corrupted it. Since when the Earth is flat and can never move?!

    We all know that the Earth and the other planets rotate and move in space around the Sun. For those Jews and Christians who would like to see where in the Noble Quran does Allah Almighty say that the planets in space rotate and move, read the following Noble Verse:. The Noble Quran, Science in the Noble Quran and Islam. The Earth is round according to Islam. Also visit The Earth is flat according to the Bible. Can anyone please tell me who that other author was? And did GOD Almighty speak those words through his tongue?

    On the other hand, the writer's title, his unique style of Hebrew and his attitude toward rulers may point to another person and a later period. Was it or was it not Solomon who wrote this book? If you say it was Solomon, then how can you prove it? And by the way, was this book a revelation to Solomon, or just Solomon's own personal writings, if it were Solomon's book from the first place? This corrupted book claims that the Sun hurries back to where it rises: Since when the Sun hurries back to where it rises, like if there is some hole it rises from and another hole it sets through on Earth?!

    This book does not even exist in the NIV Bible! Let us look at this verse from this book: From the New Jerusalem Bible, Ecclesiasticus Again, this book does not even exist in the NIV Bible! Solomon is referred to seven times, and several verses speak of the 'king', but whether he was the author remains an open question.

    From the King James Version Commentary [2], page ".

    El (deity)

    Again, we don't know who wrote the book. Please visit X-Rated Pornography in the Bible regarding this pornful and sick book; the book of:. But we don't know whether it was Solomon who wrote this book or not, nor do we know whether this is some ridiculous poem and a lie written after he died or not. One must ask a simple question here: Why should there be "lovers" in the Bible? Why should there be illegal sex and disgusting pornography in the Bible? Christians and Jews point the book to Jeremiah without any certainty to who wrote the book.

    Christians and Jews have yet to find and prove the original author of the book and all of the books mentioned above, and then prove that they were indeed Revelations from GOD Almighty. Please visit What is the Wisdom of Islam? This section is an article and a small chapter of a book that was forwarded to me. I thought it would be very good to add it to this article. So, who then are the authors of the books of the Bible? Obviously the Church must know them very well since they are popularly believed to have received divine inspiration from God Himself.

    For example, we will note that every Gospel begins with the introduction "According to This, however is not the case. Because not one of the vaunted four thousand copies existent carries its author's signature. It has just been assumed that certain people were the authors. Recent discoveries, however, refute this belief. Even the internal evidence suggests that, for instance, Matthew did not write the Gospel attributed to him:.

    And as Jesus passed forth thence, HE Jesus saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom: Did "Matthew" write this about himself? Why then didn't Matthew write for example: Such evidence can be found in many places throughout the New Testament. Granted, it may be possible that an author sometimes may write in the third person, still, in light of the rest of the evidence that we shall see throughout this book, there is simply too much evidence against this hypothesis.

    This observation is by no means limited to the New Testament. There is even similar evidence that at least parts of Deuteronomy were not written by their claimed author, prophet Moses. This can be seen in Deuteronomy Did Moses write his own obituary? Similarly, Joshua too speaks in detail about his own death in Joshua Such evidence is part of the large cache which has driven the Biblical scholars to come to the current recognition that most of the books of the Bible were not written by their supposed authors.

    How can it then be claimed to have been "inspired"? Continuing, we read that the book of Isaiah is "Mainly credited to Isaiah. Parts may have been written by others. Doubtful, but commonly assigned to Solomon. Not definitely known, perhaps Samuel. Let us have a slightly more detailed look at only one book of the New Testament, that of 'Hebrews':. Martin Luther suggested that Apollos was the author Tertullian said that Hebrews was a letter of Barnabas Adolf Harnack and J. Rendel Harris speculated that it was written by Priscilla or Prisca. William Ramsey suggested that it was done by Philip.

    However, the traditional position is that the Apostle Paul wrote Hebrews Eusebius believed that Paul wrote it, but Origen was not positive of Pauline authorship. I asked a reverend of the local church in my neighborhood, on what gospel most often quoted and used, he quickly answered, the Gospel of St. Even though this is a Darwinist site, but it has some very good and important historical facts about the Bible's corruption.

    What makes it interesting is that many of their articles were written by former Christian missionaries. Wieland Willker, University of Bremen. This is a note that exists in one of the Bible's paparys! It's a note of demanding to not alter the text after apparently having terrible experiences with this problem [ 1 ]. As we clearly see above, the books and gospels of the bible were written by mysterious authors. The New Testament of today was written in the third century by Constantine and his council.

    That is why you read things such as:. And as Jesus passed forth thence, HE Jesus saw a man, named Matthew , sitting at the receipt of custom: Also in the first 4 centuries, Christians mostly and widely believed that Jesus never got crucified. See the proof at:. The Disciples' early writings clearly claimed that Jesus never got crucified. The point from this is that when you read "Jesus is the Son of God" , please keep in mind that it is quoted from a corrupted book. The Old Testament makes numerous references about "son of God" to many people.

    As I proved at: Consider the following few examples that consist of historical contradictions in the Bible: How did Judas die? How old was Ahaziah when he began to reign? Who was Josiah's successor? Jehoahaz - 2 Chronicle You know, there was only one cross, and not ten, for Jesus! Yet, the gospels can't even get the inscription quoted correctly. In his prologue to his translation of the book of Romans, which was largely taken from the prologue of German Reformer Martin Luther , Tyndale writes that:.

    The sum and whole cause of the writings of this epistle, is, to prove that a man is justified by faith only: And to bring a man to the understanding and feeling that faith only justifieth, Paul proveth that the whole nature of man is so poisoned and so corrupt, yea and so dead concerning godly living or godly thinking, that it is impossible for her to keep the law in the sight of God.

    This essay-letter composed by Paul was written to a specific audience at a specific time; to understand it, the situations of both Paul and the recipients must be understood. The introduction [Rom 1: He introduces his apostleship here and introductory notes about the gospel he wishes to preach to the church at Rome. Jesus' human line stems from David. Paul's goal is that the Gentiles would also hear the gospel.

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    He commends the Romans for their faith. These two verses form a backdrop for the rest of the book. First, we note that Paul is unashamed of his love for this gospel that he preaches about Jesus Christ. He also notes that he is speaking to the "Jew first. We are hard-pressed to find an answer to such a question without knowing more about the audience in question. Paul may have used the "Jew first" approach to counter such a view. Paul now begins into the main thrust of his letter. He begins by suggesting that humans have taken up ungodliness and wickedness for which there will be wrath from God.

    Paul draws heavily here from the Wisdom of Solomon. Several scholars believe the passage is a non-Pauline interpolation. On the traditional Protestant interpretation, Paul here calls out Jews who are condemning others for not following the law when they themselves are also not following the law.

    Stowers writes, "There is absolutely no justification for reading 2: That popular interpretation depends upon anachronistically reading later Christian characterizations of Jews as 'hypocritical Pharisees '". Paul says that a righteousness from God has made itself known apart from the law, to which the law and prophets testify, and this righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus to all who believe.

    Ancient Political Philosophy

    In chapters five through eight, Paul argues that believers can be assured of their hope in salvation , having been freed from the bondage of sin. Paul teaches that through faith , [3: In chapters 9—11 Paul addresses the faithfulness of God to the Israelites , where he says that God has been faithful to his promise. Paul hopes that all Israelites will come to realize the truth [9: In Romans 9—11 Paul talks about how the nation of Israel has been cast away, and the conditions under which Israel will be God's chosen nation again: From chapter 12 through the first part of chapter 15, Paul outlines how the Gospel transforms believers and the behaviour that results from such a transformation.

    This transformation is described as a "renewing of your mind" Paul goes on to describe how believers should live. Christians are no longer under the law, that is, no longer bound by the law of Moses, [39] but under the grace of God, see Law and grace. We do not need to live under the law because to the extent our minds have been renewed, we will know "almost instinctively" what God wants of us.

    The law then provides an "objective standard" for judging progress in the "lifelong process" of our mind's renewal. To the extent they have been set free from sin by renewed minds Romans 6: Believers are free to live in obedience to God and love everybody. As Paul says in Romans The fragment in Romans Paul Tillich accepts the historical authenticity of Romans But neither these words nor any other New Testament statement deals with the methods of gaining political power. In Romans, Paul is addressing eschatological enthusiasts, not a revolutionary political movement.

    The concluding verses contain a description of his travel plans, personal greetings and salutations. One-third of the twenty-one Christians identified in the greetings are women. Additionally, none of these Christians answer to the name Peter , although according to the Catholic tradition , he had been ruling as Pope in Rome for about 25 years. Possibly related was the Incident at Antioch between Paul and Cephas. Roman Catholics accept the necessity of faith for salvation but point to Romans 2: But by your hard and impenitent heart you are storing up wrath for yourself on the day of wrath when God's righteous judgment will be revealed.

    For he will render to every man according to his works: There will be tribulation and distress for every human being who does evil, the Jew first and also the Greek, but glory and honor and peace for every one who does good, the Jew first and also the Greek. For God shows no partiality. Throughout his writings, St.

    Augustine strongly affirms the Catholic understanding of this and other such Scriptural admonitions. In his sermons to his Catholic congregations, he is especially careful to warn them against an inordinate desire for a complete assurance of salvation. In his Exposition of Psalm for example, he states: The gospel warned us, "Be on the watch for the last day, the day when the Son of Man will come," because it will spell disaster for those it finds secure as they are now — secure for the wrong reasons, I mean, secure in the pleasures of this world, when they ought to be secure only when they have dominated this world's lusts.

    The apostle certainly prepares us for that future life in words of which I also reminded you on that occasion. Again, in his Exposition of Psalm 85 , Augustine is perhaps even more specific: Let us not expect security while we are on pilgrimage.

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    When we do find ourselves wanting it, what we are looking for is bodily sluggishness rather than personal security. Catholics would also look to the passage in Romans 8: In the Protestant interpretation, the New Testament epistles including Romans , describes salvation as coming from faith and not from righteous actions. They also point out [ citation needed ] that in Romans chapter 2: Martin Luther described Paul's letter to the Romans as "the most important piece in the New Testament. It is purest Gospel. It is well worth a Christian's while not only to memorize it word for word but also to occupy himself with it daily, as though it were the daily bread of the soul".