Schramaier claimed not to have been influenced by Georgism directly, but by the practical necessities of administering the territory.
Sale Terms
He enacted a single tax of six percent of the assessed value of land and subjected each land sale to an increment tax whose rate was one third of the net profit when land was sold. The government had the prior right of purchase at the price reported, thus discouraging anyone from reporting a lower sales price in order to reduce his increment tax. The land-value increment tax in Kiaochow was the first to be adopted anywhere in the world. Schrameier also refrained from levying any other tax.
Qingdao in the spotlight: Hollywood descends on China's east coast city
That was probably the only time in history that a government collected all its revenue from land rent, and none from the value of buildings or business or from wages. The single tax on land value worked as splendidly in practice as it had in theory. Once it was implemented, there was no more land speculation, and economic growth was very rapid. Not only did it discourage speculators, it also funded the colonial government without levying any of the usual counterproductive taxes on structures or sales or salaries, just on sites.
The price of land is an estimate by the buyer of how much rent the site will yield over the next decade plus; as economists would put it, land price is capitalized land rent. When government collects all the rent, that leaves none for owners to capitalize into price. Depriving owners of half of rent, a socially generated value, did nothing to inhibit development; on the contrary, it spurred landowners to develop Tsingtao into a splendid city.
The Siege of Tsingtau: The German-Japanese War by Charles Stephenson
By then, Tsingtao had become the fourth most important trading port on the China coast. The area's population had increased to , Economic historians below did not note whether the Japanese abandoned the German taxing system or if the Chinese did upon evicting the Japanese at the end of World War II. Whoever installed a different taxing system, it cost Tsingtao its glory. Its brief yet successful existence did leave a legacy. After seeing Tsingtao thrive, Sun Yat-sen, who was to become the revolutionary leader of China, studied the policy of taxing only land values when he went to school in Hawaii.
At the time, the policy of public recovery of rent was well known, as was its foremost proponent, Henry George.
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- City in numbers.
- Tsingtao: A Microcosm of the First World War.
When Sun returned to China, he sought to use land rent for public revenues for all of China; he retained the German Schrameier as his consultant. If you have want to gain knowledge of the war in this region, this is an excellent book to pick up and won't require a major commitment of your time.
Christian Okane rated it liked it Sep 18, John rated it really liked it Apr 29, Jeff rated it did not like it Dec 12, Tom rated it it was ok Oct 20, Jerome marked it as to-read Jan 11, Michael marked it as to-read Feb 01, Joe Collins marked it as to-read Jun 25, Warrick marked it as to-read Aug 18, Jan C marked it as to-read Aug 27, Tim marked it as to-read Sep 01, Alan marked it as to-read Sep 04, Manray9 marked it as to-read Sep 27, Terri added it Dec 26, Len added it Feb 09, Tony Genualdi marked it as to-read Mar 10, Charles Stephenson added it Apr 05, Nathaniel is currently reading it Apr 14, Chris marked it as to-read May 11, Tom Kutt marked it as to-read May 20, Josh Griffiths marked it as to-read May 20, James marked it as to-read May 30, Glenn Webb marked it as to-read Jul 07, Bill V marked it as to-read Jul 21, The campaign to relieve Germany of Tsingtau, the port and naval base in China, and its hinterland posed a grave threat to Chinese independence.
The course of the Second World War in China and the Pacific cannot be explained without reference to these events. Charles Stephenson's account makes fascinating reading. The siege of Tsingtau by the Japanese, with token British participation, forms the core of his story. He draws on Japanese and German primary sources to describe the defences, the landings, the course of the siege, and eventual German surrender. His study will be absorbing reading for anyone interested in the campaigns of the First World War outside of Europe, in German colonial expansion and the rise to power of Japan.
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Oct 15, Christopher rated it really liked it Shelves: A good analysis an an often overlooked part of the First World War which had outsize effects for the next war to its seeming insignificance in the first. Particular attention is paid to the innovations of this campaign, especially when it comes to the Japanese use of ship launched planes and artillery techniques honed from the Russo-Japanese War.
Japan was probably the best equipped nation to take part in siege, trench, and static warfare in Nov 07, George rated it really liked it. It doesn't simply cover the attack on Tsingtau. You'll be hard put to find much else on this obscure theatre of the war. Before the war, Japan and Great Britain had signed an alliance and although it did not obligate Japan to become An interesting and well written book about the destruction of the German colonial empire in Asia and the Pacific at the very beginning of WWI by the imperial Japanese army and navy, more significant for its major impact on WWII in the Pacific rather than WWI itself.
Before the war, Japan and Great Britain had signed an alliance and although it did not obligate Japan to become a belligerent against Germany with the onset of WWI, it was clearly a role Japan was eager to fill and Japan committed major naval and ground forces against the Germans.
Interestingly, the British were not entirely convinced bringing Japan into the war was a great idea but it seems Winston Churchill as Lord of the Admiralty was a major proponent to his subsequent regret. Most of Germany's colonies were only lightly held, but Tsingtau was the center of German forces, such as they were, in Asia and the Pacific and Japan committed 50, soldiers, accompanied by much smaller British and colonial Indian forces against the 4, German troops in its Chinese possession.
As a result of its efforts, Japan gained the Marshals, the Marianas and the Carolinas and with them, the ability to project naval and air force in much of the Pacific, to the subsequent regret of the U.