And as a result, most of the leadership says: In the end, you get version XT24 that is a bit better than XT23 but still does not solve your real problem. In the beginning I could not believe myself, but yes, there is such a term as featuritis. The diseases was identified in , but I am sure that it goes back to earlier technologies.
The diseases has an official definition:. Let me explain this. Suppose we follow all the ideal scenarios of a human-centred design process. We create a product that people want to use and buy. It is perfect on all levels: It has a mission, fulfils peoples lives with meaning, and as a result, the product becomes successful. Everybody has one or wants one. Unfortunately, after a while since the product was available on the market, some factors will influence its next steps: Harvard professor Youngme Moon argues that it is the desire to match our competition that makes all the products look the same.
- Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy.
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Usually, companies try to increase sales by matching product features of their competitors. Do they have a notch on the phone? No problems, now everyone has a notch. This is called competition driven design. And sadly, even when the first versions of a product is done well, and there is a human-centred design behind it, very few companies leave it untouched without doing something as their competitors do. Sometimes you will even have to lose time to create something great and exceptional.
Or even come third or fourth to the market. Are you willing to do that? We all have heard of first mover advantage. But at what price does it come? You decide to write a book on design or business and are willing to hit the bestselling charts.
- The Fabliaux;
- Contention A: The Secular World (De Vita Sanctae Trinitatis Book 1).
- Why all the products on the market look the same??
- Cartesianism.
- How Not to Design a Product Like Everyone Else’s;
- What Sells Me: Bill Clinton, 1974: An article from Southern Cultures 18:3, Fall 2012: The Politics Issue!
- The Masseur.
- Venerable Marcus.
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- Ubuntu philosophy - Wikipedia;
- Heraclitus (fl. c. 500 B.C.E.).
You have this fantastic idea that nobody wrote about, and you decide to write it hastily before anyone else. A couple of months in and you are ready to hit the market. You launch the book, and it makes a buzz. Everybody loves it and writes about it. You are a bestseller. But then somehow your book stops selling after a couple of years. What if I told you that if you took five more years to write it, starve a little bit, be in pain that your competitors are already writing about it, but it would become a classic for the next years?
Ubuntu philosophy
You see, that extra time dedicated to research, improvements, polishing the details, editing will make a big difference. In the long run, companies who did cut corners will slowly become obsolete, and people will forget about them. One of the reasons is that it is a useful metric to see if a company is successful or has enough market cap.
By comparing their lack of product features to the competitors, it allows them to see where they are weak. It will enable them to see where they should strengthen their position. In response, Malebranche, like Descartes before him, simply denied that ideas must resemble their objects to represent them.
Regarding the possibility that one might have sensible ideas of a nonexistent world, Malebranche said tersely that the first chapter of Genesis assures the existence of the material world. As to how human ideas of this world are true, Malebranche offered the Platonic view that ideas of all things reside in God and that, on appropriate occasions, God illuminates these ideas for human observation.
Thus, human beings see all things in God and can rest assured in his goodness. Unlike Descartes, he argued that introspection gives no knowledge of the essence of the mind. This view prompted the English empiricist philosopher John Locke — to suggest that, for all human beings know, matter might be able to think. The rationalist metaphysics of the Dutch-Jewish philosopher Benedict de Spinoza derives from Descartes. Spinoza wrote his Ethics in mathematico-deductive form, with definitions, axioms, and derived theorems.
His metaphysics, which is simultaneously monistic , pantheistic, and deistic, holds that there is only one substance, that this one substance is God, and that God is the same as the world. The one substance has an infinite number of attributes, each of which expresses the totality of the world or God , though the only attributes known to human beings are mind and matter. All attributes are parallel in every respect; that is, for every idea expressed in the mental attribute, there is a parallel body in the material attribute, and vice versa.
The seminal thinkers of Greek philosophy
Thus, though mind and matter do not interact, for Spinoza as for Malebranche they appear to do so. The other great figure of late 17th-century rationalism, Leibniz , also gave a parallelistic answer to the problem of mind-body interaction. The Irish radical empiricist and bishop George Berkeley — developed another monistic metaphysical system. Berkeley managed to avoid the problem of mind-body interaction by taking the extreme step of denying the existence of matter.
Bodies, according to him, are only collections of sensible ideas that are presented to the human mind in lawful order by God.
Heraclitus | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Because there is no material world, there is also no skeptical problem about whether ideas truly represent physical reality. Instead, all ideas are known directly. By contrast, the English materialist philosopher Thomas Hobbes — did away with mind as a mental substance by asserting that only matter exists. For Hobbes, the mind is the same as the brain, and thoughts or ideas consist of nothing more than motions of brain matter.
Because the mind is material, it is capable of causing bodily motions in response to sensory stimuli; and because ideas are material, they can resemble, and thus represent, material bodies. Two important themes in the history of modern philosophy can be traced to Descartes. As Descartes assumes in his theory of light and as Locke later argued, secondary properties of bodies do not exist in bodies themselves but are the result of the interaction of distinctive arrangements of primary properties with the human sense organs.
According to Locke, however, our sensible ideas of the size, shape, position, and motion or rest of particular bodies resemble their corresponding primary properties and so can be a source of knowledge about them. Nevertheless, against this claim it is still possible to raise the skeptical objection that, because mental and material substances are radically distinct, and because all ideas are mental, no idea, not even an idea of a primary property, can resemble a material object.
Bodies are known directly simply because bodies are nothing more than bundles of sensible ideas. The second theme to derive from Descartes is an emphasis on the nature of the self, or ego. The roots of this idea extend back to the Neoplatonic philosophy of St. Augustine — , who argued that when one is thinking, one necessarily exists. The idea also was central to the developmental idealism of the German philosopher G.
Hegel — , who conceived of human history as the gradual coming to consciousness of a World Soul. The metaphysics of Martin Heidegger — , with its focus on the being of the self, or Dasein , strongly influenced the existentialism of the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre — , who argued that each individual chooses his own nature.
Sartre also upheld the Cartesian position that the self is essentially conscious by rejecting the theory of the unconscious proposed by the Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud — Some aspects of Cartesian metaphysics and epistemology were still strongly defended in the 20th century. The American linguist Noam Chomsky , for example, has argued that human beings are born with an innate knowledge of the underlying structures of all learnable languages, even of languages that have never been spoken.
Eccles —97 and the British primatologist Wilfred E. Le Gros Clark — developed theories of the mind as a nonmaterial entity.
Existentialism
Similarly, Eccles and the Austrian-born British philosopher Karl Popper —94 advocated a species of mind-matter dualism, though their tripartite division of reality into matter, mind, and ideas is perhaps more Platonic than Cartesian. One of the strongest contemporary attacks on traditional Cartesian dualism is that of the British philosopher Gilbert Ryle — A different criticism has been advanced by the American pragmatist Richard Rorty — , who claims in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature [] and other works that the Cartesian demand for certain knowledge of an objectively existing world through representative ideas is a holdover from the mistaken quest for God.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the nature of consciousness became a topic of particular interest to philosophers and neuroscientists. The problems faced by these researchers were essentially the same as those encountered by all philosophers since Descartes who have attempted to understand the nature of the mind. Although the seat of consciousness is universally accepted to be the central nervous system , and in particular the brain , it seems impossible that a material object like the brain could give rise to the mental experiences that human beings have when they are said to be conscious.
In other words, it seems impossible to give an account of these experiences that, on the one hand, captures what they are really like for human beings and, on the other, is consistent with the strictly physical vocabulary of the scientific theories in terms of which the brain is understood. Some philosophers have responded to this problem in a manner reminiscent of Descartes, who argued that, although mind-body interaction seems to be impossible, human beings experience it, and God can make it happen.
Other philosophers, such as Daniel Dennett and Paul Churchland, have made valiant attempts to develop strictly materialist accounts of consciousness, but their efforts so far have not been widely accepted. A third line of response is represented by the American philosopher John Searle , who argues that the root of the problem is the dichotomy between the old Cartesian concepts of mind and matter, which he claims are both inherently incompatible and outmoded, given modern physics.
Searle believes that consciousness, like digestion, is a biological phenomenon albeit a very complex one that can in principle be fully explained in scientific terms. Descartes also stands at the beginning of modern mathematics through his contribution to the development of the infinitesimal calculus by Newton and Leibniz. We welcome suggested improvements to any of our articles. You can make it easier for us to review and, hopefully, publish your contribution by keeping a few points in mind.
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The Cartesian system
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It was a fashionable philosophy, appealing to learned gentlemen and highborn ladies alike, and it was one of the few philosophical alternatives to the Scholasticism still being taught in the…. The Cartesian does not readily surrender to fancy, especially of the more wayward variety. And so, even counting Charles Perrault, the later Charles Nodier, and the contemporary Simone Ratel and Maurice Vauthier, a dearth of first-rate fairy…. For law is law only if it can be enforced, and the price of security is one supreme sovereign public power.
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