He brought it [music] to the peak of perfection and was the father of our most illustrious musicians working in that musical form. Lully entertained the king infinitely, by his music, by the way he performed it, and by his witty remarks. The prince was also very fond of Lully and showered him with benefits in a most gracious way. Lully's music was written during the Middle Baroque period, to Typical of Baroque music is the use of the basso continuo as the driving force behind the music.
Philippe Sollers
Lully's music is known for its power, liveliness in its fast movements and its deep emotional character in its slower movements. The influence of Lully's music produced a radical revolution in the style of the dances of the court itself. In the place of the slow and stately movements which had prevailed until then, he introduced lively ballets of rapid rhythm , often based on well-known dance types such as gavottes , menuets , rigaudons and sarabandes.
The popularity of these plays, with their sometimes lavish special effects, and the success and publication of Lully's operas and its diffusion beyond the borders of France, played a crucial role in synthesizing, consolidating and disseminating orchestral organization, scorings, performance practices, and repertory.
The instruments in Lully's music were: He also utilized guitar, lute , archlute , theorbo , harpsichord, organ, oboe, bassoon, recorder , flute, brass instruments natural trumpet and various percussion instruments castanets , timpani. He is often credited with introducing new instruments into the orchestra, but this legend needs closer scrutiny.
He continued to use recorders in preference to the newer transverse flute, and the "hautbois" he used in his orchestra were transitional instruments, somewhere between shawms and so-called Baroque oboes. Concluding that Italian-style opera was inappropriate for the French language, he and his librettist, Philippe Quinault , a respected playwright, employed the same poetics that dramatists used for verse tragedies: Airs, especially if they were based on dances, were by contrast set to lines of less than 8 syllables.
He and Quinault also opted for quicker story development, which was more to the taste of the French public. William Christie has summarized the distribution of instruments in Lully's operas: In Lully's case, it is made up of strings, winds and sometimes brass. The continuo is a supple formula which minimizes the role of the orchestra, thus favoring the lute, the theorbo and the harpsichord.
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It therefore permits variation of color of the recitatives, which sometimes seem of excessive length. Lully is credited with the invention in the s of the French overture , a form used extensively in the Baroque and Classical eras, especially by Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel.
Lully's grand motets were written for the royal chapel, usually for vespers or for the king's daily low mass. Lully did not invent the genre, he built upon it. Grand motets often were psalm settings, but for a time during the s Lully used texts written by Pierre Perrin , a neo-Latin poet. When Lully began dancing and composing for court ballets, the genre blossomed and markedly changed in character.
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He was so captivated by the French overture that he wrote four of them for the Ballet d'Alcidiane! The development of his instrumental style can be discerned in his chaconnes. He experimented with all types of compositional devices and found new solutions that he later exploited to the full in his operas. The physical drives and desires of the human body lead it toward variations of paradise. Sollers was one of the founding members of the journal and the only remaining member after several years. He became the driving force and developed a reputation as something of an enfant terrible.
Tel Quel "as is" published from to was an avant garde journal with a reputation for iconoclasm. Influenced by Russian Formalism , it was at the vanguard of the creation of literary critical theory which transcended generic and disciplinary boundaries, paving the way for the rise of Jacques Derrida and deconstruction , and subsequently Jacques Lacan and Louis Althusser.
While psychoanalysis played an important theoretical role, from Tel Quel embraced Marxism , particularly Maoism and sought to both create a revolution in literature and the larger society as well. In this regard it was the logical successor of Surrealism , which had eventually foundered on the Marxist commitments of Andre Breton.
Tel Quel saw itself as the cultural arm of the French Communist Party, especially around the time of the events of May When the revolution did not materialize, the Sollers led the journal away from Marxism, befriending the Nouveaux Philosophes, such as Bernard-Henri Levy and even turned to theology. Most of Soller's work has not been translated into English. They are popular in France and among academics who speak French. His novels Femmes and Portrait de joueur have achieved a certain popularity.
One of the reason for the popularity of these books by Sollers is the sense of humor that he exhibits with his narrating voice about the culture in which the voice thrives. In his writing, Sollers has a place of predilection, a place that unites together the whole of his personal pantheon: Intimate experiences, expression, erudition, Sollers reveals the splendors of the Serenissima in a very personal Dictionnaire amoureux de Venise In , Sollers published Passion fixe, a tender and moving love story, undoubtedly the most intimate written by the author, at once immoral and moral.
In , he published Une vie divine. The narrator, a professor of philosophy, was entrusted with the task of reflecting upon a world philosophy that would not exclude the religious dimension of humanity.
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Throughout his research and discussions with the two women in his life one intellectual and the other frivolous he discovers that only one thinker is strong enough to found a project of world philosophy: In this novel, Philippe Sollers rises against contemporary nihilism — literature in deadlock, misfortune and melancholy — to which he contrasts promises of life and happiness.
A political book and philosophical novel, Une vie divine is serious and humorous writing on the possibility of being happy. Praises of joy versus sadness and ambient defeatism. Sollers also sees himself and his novels in an eighteenth-century lineage with philosophes like Diderot and Voltaire ; so his break with tradition is not all-encompassing.
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. Raymond Las Vergnas Winners List of winners. Originally established in , the competition has been organised by the Foundation since The prix Femina essai is a French literary prize awarded to an essay. Established in , it replaced the prix Femina Vacaresco. Grasset Michael A. It rewards works on the theme of adventure and travel and refers to the Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci.
Featuring euros in , it is traditionally awarded at the inauguration of the Book Fair. An Amerigo Vespucci Youth Award is also presented. Laureates of prix Amerigo Vespucci Biography In the wake of a family of officers, Jean-Luc Coatalem spent his childhood in Polynesia and his adolescence in Madagascar. The incessant removals gave him the taste of elsewhere and would make him bulimic of travels and reports. He explored nearly eighty countries, "on foot, on horseback, in ultralight and on ice-breakers". Coming to his thirties, this traveler, novelist, writer and essayist writer for whom "all travel ends in books and everything starts from a reading",[4] published wandering narratives Mission au Paraguay, Suite indochinoise Scientific racism sometimes referred to as race biology,[1][2] racial biology, or race realism[3] is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism racial discrimination , racial inferiority, or racial superiority.
Scientific racism was common during the period from s to the end of World War I. Since the second half of the 20t Pierre Dubois born 19 July , is an internationally recognized French specialist in everything related to enchantment. He has brought together local legends and recreated them in radio and television shows for over thirty years. He is the inventor of elficology elficologie as a name for the study of the "little people" fairies and other similar beings , although it was originally just a joke on his part.
His first comic book was published in and knew only a success of esteem. Since then he has produced one each year and also made regular appearances on television and at conferences, always in the area of fairy tales, dreams and legends related to the fairies, who have become his specialty.
Jean-Baptiste Lully
The idea of this prie is "to perpetuate the literary ideals and values of the Breton writer". The prize is granted each year to a work in the French language which is characterised by "the humane qualities of generous thought, refusing all dualism and all sacrifice of individuality in favour of ideological abstractions". Annie Le Brun, born Rennes is a French writer, poet and literary critic.
Later, against what she considered to be the programmed liquidation of singularity, love and distraction, she confided that "with the surrealists one breathed, if only to discover the multiplicity of horizons what will have opened this unique attempt in the twentieth century to think all man? In , she found a collective activity around Editions Now founded by Pierre Peuchmaurd, with the poet and playwright Radovan Ivsic, who became her companion, as well as Georges Goldfayn, Gerard Legrand and the Jeanne may have done this to protect her underage children.
Veblen is known for the idea of "conspicuous consumption". People engage in conspicuous consumption, along with "conspicuous leisure", to demonstrate wealth or to mark social status - Veblen explains the concept in his best-known book, The Theory of the Leisure Class Historians of economic thought regard Veblen as the leader of the institutional economics movement. Contemporary economists still call Veblen's distinction between "institutions" and "technology" the Veblenian dichotomy.
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His emphasis on conspicuous consumption greatly influenced the socialist thinkers who engaged in non-Marxist critiques of capitalism and of technological determinism. Biography Early life and family background The Thors Vallard Atlas showing Terra Jave's east coast. The Vallard Atlas is a world atlas, one of the Dieppe school of maps, produced in It is believed to have been owned by Nicolas Vallard, its authorship being unknown.
It is believed that Nicholas Vallard was the first owner and this is why the publication bears his name [2] The atlas is held at the Huntington Library based in San Marino, California, US. Description The atlas is made of 68 pages and contains 15 nautical charts with rich illustrations as well as a calendar and some in-depth maritime information. The atlas contains numerous illuminations that show the new world inhabitants and this is why it is considered a valuable testimony of discovery. The original publication is bound in crimson leather with golden decorations. The maps depicted in the atlas are inverted compared to modern depictions, as the north pole is placed on th Spencer; however, he has distanced himself from the movement.
He has studied law, philosophy, sociology, and the history of religions. He is an admirer of Pan-European nationalism and neopaganism. Benoist is the editor of two journals: Nouvelle Ecole New School since , and Krisis since His writings have appeared in Mankind Quarterly, Tyr, Chronicles, and various new Georges, a French name with the same origin as the English name George, may refer to: The modern "far right" or radical right grew out of two separate events of The Dreyfus Affair provided one of the political division lines of France.
Nationalism, which had been before the Dreyfus Affair a left-wing and Republican ideology, turned after that to be a main trait of the right-wing and, moreover, of the far right. A new right emerged, and nationalism was reappropriated by the far right who turned it into a form of ethnic nationalism, itself blended with anti-Semitism, xenophobia, anti-Protestantism and anti-Masonry. Joseph Arthur de Gobineau 14 July — 13 October was a French aristocrat who is best known today for helping to legitimise racism by use of scientific racist theory and "racial demography" and for his developing the theory of the Aryan master race.
Known to his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer, Gobineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of , wrote a page book, An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races, in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races Alpines and Mediterraneans. Gobineau's writings were quickly praised by white supremacist, pro-slavery Americans like Josiah C. Nott and Henry Hotze, who translated his book into English but omitted around pages of the original book, including those parts that negatively described Americans as a racially mixed population.