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Migrant workers climb the German career ladder
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- Turkish Berlin: Integration Policy and Urban Space - Annika Hinze - Google Книги;
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- Turkish Berlin: Integration Policy and Urban Space by Annika M. Hinze (Paperback, 2013)?
- Scholia I. - Texte zu Pädagogik, Philosophie und Ökonomie (German Edition);
Similar Items Migrantinnen in den medien: Many of them never left, creating a minority community that changed the demographics of Germany forever. Fifty-five years ago, Germany was in need of healthy, unmarried Turkish men to work in the country's booming post-war economy, and Turkey was more than willing to help fill that demand.
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A treaty signed by the two states on October 30, established the conditions for the guest workers. The expenses for traveling to Germany were included, but the return trip was not always covered by employers. There had previously been recruitment treaties between Germany and Italy in as well as with Spain in Germany needed additional labor for its factories and mines to help fuel the economic miracle driven by the rapid expansion of production after World War II.
According to the recruitment treaty, Germany was able - with the support of the Turkish government - to set up a liaison office in Istanbul.
The office functioned as a foreign bureau for the German Ministry of Labour through which German companies could fill their demand for workers. Turkish authorities initially screened the applications, pre-selected the candidates and then organized interviews in the German liaison office. For Turkey, the export of large numbers of male Turkish workers to Germany had several advantages. First, the men were well paid in Germany and sent remittances home to their families in Turkey.
Turkish guest workers transformed German society
Second, they obtained further training in Germany and were supposed to bring that knowledge back to Turkey when they returned. The employment of Turkish workers was meant to be for a limited time just like with the Greeks, Italians and Spaniards that had previously come to Germany as guest workers.
After two years, the Turkish workers were expected to return home, and then a new group of workers was supposed to be recruited. The goal was to prevent the Turkish guests from becoming immigrants.
Originally, the workers were not allowed to bring their families with them. In , the recruitment treaty was changed to allow the Turkish workers to stay for longer than two years. It was too expensive and time-consuming to constantly hire and train replacements. Later, the workers were even allowed to bring their families with them. An economic recession triggered by the global oil crisis in the early s followed Germany's economic miracle, and in the recruitment of foreign workers came to a stop altogether.
Turkish Berlin: Integration Policy and Urban Space by Annika M. Hinze (Paperback, ) | eBay
Between and , around 2. Half of those who came returned to Turkey, according to estimates. The other half remained in Germany. Around , Turkish migrants have German citizenship. In contrast to citizens of EU countries, Turks cannot have dual citizenship. If they possess both, they must choose between Turkish and German citizenship by their 23rd birthday. Although the guest workers from Turkey and other countries came to Germany 50 years ago, Germany was only declared a de facto country of immigrants through the passage of new citizenship and immigration laws in and Germans increasingly see immigration as a benefit to the country.
But experts say people's views are contradictory: Expecting immigrants to blend in to a homogenous society nullifies the benefit of multiculturalism.