While the king's sons, and their cousin, Tarquinius Collatinus, the son of Egerius, were feasting together, a dispute arose about the virtue of their wives. As nothing was happening in the field, they mounted their horses to pay a surprise visit to their homes.
The Lupercalia Incident - Livius
They first went to Rome, where they caught the king's daughters unaware at a splendid banquet. They then hastened to Collatia , and there, though it was late in the night, they found Lucretia, the wife of Collatinus , spinning amid her handmaids. The beauty and virtue of Lucretia had fired the evil passions of Sextus Tarquinius. A few days later he returned to Collatia, where he was hospitably received by Lucretia as her husband's kinsman.
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In the dead of night he stealthily entered her chamber with a drawn sword. Soon after, Lucretia sent a message to both her husband and her father, Spurius Lucretius Tricipitinus , telling them everything. She then killed herself.
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The revolt that followed, led by her husband's friend and cousin, Lucius Junius Brutus , brought to an end the kingship of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and brought about the beginning of the Roman Republic , Brutus becoming the first consul together with Collatinus. Sextus Tarquinius fled to Gabii , seeking to make himself king, but he was killed in revenge for his past actions. The story of Lucretia's rape is the subject of William Shakespeare 's narrative poem The Rape of Lucrece , a work as long as many full-length plays, taking about two hours to recite.
It has sometimes been performed as readers' theatre. Shakespeare alludes to Tarquin in his plays as well. In Cymbeline Act 2, Scene 2 , Iachimo has slipped into the sleeping Imogen's bedchamber, and compares himself to Tarquin:. Our Tarquin thus Did softly press the rushes, ere he waken'd The chastity he wounded ….
The Monarchy (753-509 BC)
In a soliloquy known as the 'Dagger Soliloquy' from Macbeth , Macbeth alludes to Tarquin as a ' trope of stealth':. With Tarquin's ravishing strides, towards his design Moves like a ghost. Act 2 Scene 1, Lines The king was helped by the Senate , an assembly formed by senators, who were the heads of the leading families.
For two centuries, four Latin kings and three Etruscan ruled successively the Etruscans occupied Rome during the sixth century BC. Lucretia is a legendary figure in the history of the Roman Republic.
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According to the story, told mainly by the Roman historian Livy and the Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus who lived in Rome at the time of the Roman Emperor Caesar Augustus , her rape by the king's son and consequent suicide were the immediate cause of the revolution that overthrew the monarchy and established the Roman Republic.
The incident kindled the flames of dissatisfaction over the tyrannical methods of the last king of Rome, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus. As a result, the prominent families instituted a republic, drove the extensive Tarquin family from Rome, and successfully defended the republic against attempted Etruscan and Latin intervention.
The Lupercalia Incident
The rape has been a major theme in European art and literature. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus , last king of Rome, being engaged in the siege of Ardea , sent his son, Sextus Tarquinius , on a military errand to Collatia. Sextus was received with great hospitality at the governor's mansion, home of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus , son of the king's nephew, Egerius Tarquinius Collatinus, former governor of Collatia and first of the Tarquinii Collatini.
Lucius' wife, Lucretia, daughter of Spurius Lucretius , prefect of Rome, "a man of distinction", [ 3 ] made sure that the king's son was treated as became his rank, although her husband was away at the siege. In a variant of the story, [ 4 ] Sextus and Lucius, at a wine party on furlough, were debating the virtues of wives when Lucius volunteered to settle the debate by their all riding to his home to see what Lucretia was doing.
She was weaving with her maids. The party awarded her the palm of victory and Lucius invited them to visit, but for the time being they returned to camp.