A brilliant, starkly realistic look into the not-so-distant future.
Through intellect and inspired vision, Margaret, the heroine of Apokalypsis, predicts that capitalism will force the removal of more and more people from the reproductive processes of corporations. When one or more develops a self-sufficient reproductive process, it, or they, will have the potential to develop true intelligence. Knowing that living creatures seek out the densest source of available power, Margaret has a vision in which she sees these entities propagate through the crust of the planet in the form of massive subterranean nuclear reactors, wreaking havoc on humanity in the process.
Margaret tries to communicate her fears through venues offered by the corporate and religious organizations into which she first falls. These institutions, however, ignore or re-interpret her message and use it and her for their own purposes-purposes that have a bearing later in the book. Margaret strikes out on her own and acquires a small band of followers, but will they be able to turn the tide in the face of a blossoming millenarian religious movement?
Is Margaret a Joan of Arc or a Cassandra? The conflict between man and machine is age old. Apokalypsis presents a new vision of the future in which this conflict is subtle and indirect. For other uses, see Apocalypse disambiguation. This article uncritically uses texts from within a religion or faith system without referring to secondary sources that critically analyze them.
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Book of Revelation
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Dionysius AD , bishop of Alexandria, disciple of Origen wrote that the Book of Revelation could have been written by Cerinthus although he himself did not adopt the view that Cerinthus was the writer. Eusebius , in his Church History c. The Apocalypse of John, also called Revelation, is counted as both accepted Kirsopp.
Apokalypsis
The disputation can perhaps be attributed to Origen. The Council of Laodicea omits it as a canonical book. The Decretum Gelasianum , which is a work written by an anonymous scholar between and , contains a list of books of scripture presented as having been reckoned as canonical by the Council of Rome AD.
This list mentions it as a part of the New Testament canon. Doubts resurfaced during the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther called it "neither apostolic nor prophetic" in the preface to his translation of the New Testament he revised his position with a much more favorable assessment in , and it was the only New Testament book on which John Calvin did not write a commentary.
There are approximately Greek manuscripts of Revelation. Divisions in the book seem to be marked by the repetition of key phrases, by the arrangement of subject matter into blocks, and around its Christological passages, [46] and much use is made of significant numbers, especially the number seven, which represented perfection according to ancient numerology. Revelation has a wide variety of interpretations, ranging from the simple message that we should have faith that God will prevail "symbolic interpretation" , to complex end time scenarios "futurist interpretation" , [49] [50] to the views of critics who deny any spiritual value to Revelation at all.
The "two witnesses" spoken of are Muhammad and Ali.
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The ten horns represent the ten names of the leaders of the Umayyad dynasty: Eastern Orthodoxy treats the text as simultaneously describing contemporaneous events events occurring at the same time and as prophecy of events to come, for which the contemporaneous events were a form of foreshadow. It rejects attempts to determine, before the fact, if the events of Revelation are occurring by mapping them onto present-day events, taking to heart the Scriptural warning against those who proclaim "He is here! Instead, the book is seen as a warning to be spiritually and morally ready for the end times, whenever they may come "as a thief in the night" , but they will come at the time of God's choosing, not something that can be precipitated nor trivially deduced by mortals.
Book of Revelation is the only book of the New Testament that is not read during services by the Byzantine Rite Churches although in the Western Rite Orthodox Parishes , which are under the same bishops as the Byzantine Rite, it is read. Christian Gnostics, however, are unlikely to be attracted to the teaching of Revelation because the doctrine of salvation through the sacrificed Lamb, which is central to Revelation, is repugnant to Gnostics.
Christian Gnostics "believed in the Forgiveness of Sins, but in no vicarious sacrifice for sin James Morgan Pryse was an esoteric gnostic who saw Revelation as a western version of the Hindu theory of the Chakra. He began his work, "The purpose of this book is to show that the Apocalypse is a manual of spiritual development and not, as conventionally interpreted, a cryptic history or prophecy. But Christopher Rowland argues: The presence of the threads which stubbornly refuse to be incorporated into the neat tapestry of our world-view does not usually totally undermine that view.
Book of Revelation - Wikipedia
The Book of Mormon states that John the Apostle is the author of Revelation and that he was foreordained by God to write it. Doctrine and Covenants , section 77, postulates answers to specific questions regarding the symbolism contained in the Book of Revelation. This interpretation, which has found expression among both Catholic and Protestant theologians, considers the liturgical worship, particularly the Easter rites, of early Christianity as background and context for understanding the Book of Revelation's structure and significance.
The Mass as Heaven on Earth , in which he states that Revelation in form is structured after creation, fall, judgment and redemption. Those who hold this view say that the Temple's destruction AD 70 had a profound effect on the Jewish people, not only in Jerusalem but among the Greek-speaking Jews of the Mediterranean.
They believe the Book of Revelation provides insight into the early Eucharist, saying that it is the new Temple worship in the New Heaven and Earth. The idea of the Eucharist as a foretaste of the heavenly banquet is also explored by British Methodist Geoffrey Wainwright in his book Eucharist and Eschatology Oxford University Press, According to Pope Benedict XVI some of the images of Revelation should be understood in the context of the dramatic suffering and persecution of the churches of Asia in the 1st century. Accordingly, the Book of Revelation should not be read as an enigmatic warning, but as an encouraging vision of Christ's definitive victory over evil.
The radical discipleship interpretation asserts that the Book of Revelation is best understood as a handbook for radical discipleship; i. In this interpretation the primary agenda of the book is to expose as impostors the worldly powers that seek to oppose the ways of God and God's Kingdom. Adventists maintain a historicist interpretation of the Bible's predictions of the apocalypse.
Seventh-day Adventists believe the Book of Revelation is especially relevant to believers in the days preceding the second coming of Jesus Christ. Many literary writers and theorists have contributed to a wide range of theories about the origins and purpose of the Book of Revelation. Some of these writers have no connection with established Christian faiths but, nevertheless, found in Revelation a source of inspiration. Revelation has been approached from Hindu philosophy and Jewish Midrash. Others have pointed to aspects of composition which have been ignored such as the similarities of prophetic inspiration to modern poetic inspiration, or the parallels with Greek drama.
In recent years, theories have arisen which concentrate upon how readers and texts interact to create meaning and which are less interested in what the original author intended. His lasting contribution has been to show how much more meaningful prophets, such as the scribe of Revelation, are when treated as poets first and foremost. He thought this was a point often lost sight of because most English bibles render everything in prose. Had he done so, he would have had to use their Hebrew poetry whereas he wanted to write his own.
Torrey insisted Revelation had originally been written in Aramaic. This was why the surviving Greek translation was written in such a strange idiom. It was a literal translation that had to comply with the warning at Revelation According to Torrey, the story is that "The Fourth Gospel was brought to Ephesus by a Christian fugitive from Palestine soon after the middle of the first century.
It was written in Aramaic. Subsequently, this John was banished by Nero and died on Patmos after writing Revelation. Torrey argued that until AD 80, when Christians were expelled from the synagogues, [82] the Christian message was always first heard in the synagogue and, for cultural reasons, the evangelist would have spoken in Aramaic, else "he would have had no hearing. Christina Rossetti was a Victorian poet who believed the sensual excitement of the natural world found its meaningful purpose in death and in God.
In her view, what Revelation has to teach is patience.
- Victoria in the Wings: (Georgian Series).
- Apokalypsis!
- G - apokalypsis - Strong's Greek Lexicon (KJV).
- Olympe de Clèves (French Edition).
The relevance of John's visions [89] belongs to Christians of all times as a continuous present meditation. Such matters are eternal and outside of normal human reckoning. Winter that returns not to spring Recently, aesthetic and literary modes of interpretation have developed, which focus on Revelation as a work of art and imagination, viewing the imagery as symbolic depictions of timeless truths and the victory of good over evil.
Vision of a Just World from the viewpoint of rhetoric. John's book is a vision of a just world, not a vengeful threat of world-destruction. Her view that Revelation's message is not gender-based has caused dissent. She says we are to look behind the symbols rather than make a fetish out of them. In contrast, Tina Pippin states that John writes " horror literature " and "the misogyny which underlies the narrative is extreme.
Lawrence took an opposing, pessimistic view of Revelation in the final book he wrote, Apocalypse. Instead, he wanted to champion a public-spirited individualism which he identified with the historical Jesus supplemented by an ill-defined cosmic consciousness against its two natural enemies.
One of these he called "the sovereignty of the intellect" [96] which he saw in a technology-based totalitarian society. The other enemy he styled "vulgarity" [97] and that was what he found in Revelation. And nowhere does this happen so splendiferously than in Revelation. His specific aesthetic objections to Revelation were that its imagery was unnatural and that phrases like "the wrath of the Lamb" were "ridiculous. In the first, there was a scheme of cosmic renewal in "great Chaldean sky-spaces", which he quite liked.
After that, Lawrence thought, the book became preoccupied with the birth of the baby messiah and "flamboyant hate and simple lust Modern biblical scholarship attempts to understand Revelation in its 1st-century historical context within the genre of Jewish and Christian apocalyptic literature. Under this interpretation, assertions that "the time is near" are to be taken literally by those communities. Consequently, the work is viewed as a warning to not conform to contemporary Greco-Roman society which John "unveils" as beastly, demonic, and subject to divine judgment.
Although the acceptance of Revelation into the canon has from the beginning been controversial, it has been essentially similar to the career of other texts. Scholar Barbara Whitlock pointed out a similarity between the consistent destruction of thirds depicted in the Book of Revelation a third of mankind by plagues of fire, smoke, and brimstone, a third of the trees and green grass, a third of the sea creatures and a third of the ships at sea, etc.
A Zoroastrian influence is completely plausible". Much of Revelation employs ancient sources, primarily but not exclusively from the Old Testament.