The awkward case of 'his or her'. Identify the word pairs with a common ancestor. Test your knowledge - and maybe learn something along the way. Build a city of skyscrapers—one synonym at a time. Noun antecedent , causality , causation , occasion , reason Synonyms: Verb beget , breed , bring , bring about , bring on , catalyze , create , do , draw on , effect , effectuate , engender , generate , induce , invoke , make , occasion , produce , prompt , result in , spawn , translate into , work , yield Antonyms: Noun aftereffect , aftermath , consequence , corollary , development , effect , fate , fruit , issue , outcome , outgrowth , product , result , resultant , sequel , sequence , upshot Visit the Thesaurus for More.
Examples of cause in a Sentence Noun His symptoms had no apparent physical causes.
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She is the cause of all their problems. The medicine was prescribed without good cause. Their marriage was a cause for celebration. I can support a cause that means something to me. I'm willing to donate money as long as it's for a good cause. Verb He swerved and caused an accident. The flood caused great hardship. The illness is caused by a virus. The flood caused the town great hardship. You caused us a lot of extra work. Recent Examples on the Web: Noun How to figure out the cause and effect of this trend?
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Bush, in a Touching Tribute," 1 Dec. It Starts With Lifestyle," 16 Nov. First Known Use of cause Noun 13th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1a Verb 14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1. Learn More about cause. Resources for cause Time Traveler! Explore the year a word first appeared. Time Traveler for cause The first known use of cause was in the 13th century See more words from the same century.
More Definitions for cause. Long Island Railroad Co.
More from Merriam-Webster on cause Rhyming Dictionary: Words that rhyme with cause Thesaurus: All synonyms and antonyms for cause Spanish Central: Translation of cause Nglish: Translation of cause for Spanish Speakers Britannica English: From the two kinds of axioms which have been spoken of arises a just division of philosophy and the sciences, taking the received terms which come nearest to express the thing in a sense agreeable to my own views.
Thus, let the investigation of forms, which are in the eye of reason at least, and in their essential law eternal and immutable, constitute Metaphysics ; and let the investigation of the efficient cause, and of matter, and of the latent process, and the latent configuration all of which have reference to the common and ordinary course of nature, not to her eternal and fundamental laws constitute Physics.
And to these let there be subordinate two practical divisions: Explanations in terms of final causes remain common in evolutionary biology. Ayala has claimed that teleology is indispensable to biology since the concept of adaptation is inherently teleological. Darwin quickly responded, "What you say about Teleology pleases me especially and I do not think anyone else has ever noticed the point.
Huxley reiterate this sentiment.
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The latter wrote that ".. Darwin is the reconciliation of Teleology and Morphology, and the explanation of the facts of both, which his view offers. Contrary to the position described by Francisco J. Ayala , Ernst Mayr states that "adaptedness Madrell writes that "the proper but cumbersome way of describing change by evolutionary adaptation [may be] substituted by shorter overtly teleological statements" for the sake of saving space, but that this "should not be taken to imply that evolution proceeds by anything other than from mutations arising by chance, with those that impart an advantage being retained by natural selection.
Statements that a species does something "in order to" achieve survival are teleological.
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The validity or invalidity of such statements depends on the species and the intention of the writer as to the meaning of the phrase "in order to". Sometimes it is possible or useful to rewrite such sentences so as to avoid teleology. Nevertheless, biologists still frequently write in a way which can be read as implying teleology even if that is not the intention.
Whoever builds a house or a ship or forges a sacrificial chalice reveals what is to be brought forth, according to the terms of the four modes of occasioning. The educationist David Waddington comments that although the efficient cause, which he identifies as "the craftsman", might be thought the most significant of the four, in his view each of Heidegger's four causes is "equally co-responsible" for producing a craft item, in Heidegger's terms "bringing forth" the thing into existence. Waddington cites Lovitt's description of this bringing forth as "a unified process".
Tinbergen's four questions , named after the ethologist Nikolaas Tinbergen and based on Aristotle's four causes, are complementary categories of explanations for animal behaviour. They are also commonly referred to as levels of analysis. The four questions are on function , what an adaptation does that is selected for in evolution ; phylogeny , the evolutionary history of an organism , revealing its relationships to other species; mechanism , namely the proximate cause of a behaviour, such as the role of testosterone in aggression ; and ontogeny , the development of an organism from egg to embryo to adult.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Posterior Analytics 71 b9—11; 94 a Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The Beginnings of Western Science Aristotle also discusses the four "causes" in his Physics, Book B, chapter 3. Natural changes, although they are not substances and do not have causes in precisely the same way that substances do, are to be explained in terms of the four causes, or as many of them as a given natural change has: The material cause is that out of which something comes to be, or what undergoes change from one state to another; the formal cause, what differentiates something from other things, and serves as a paradigm for its coming to be that thing; the efficient cause, the starting-point of change; the final cause, that for the sake of which something comes about.
Investigations into ancient Greek and Chinese science , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. Cambridge University Press, p. Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy 2nd ed. Darwin 'has swept out such finalistic teleology by the front door. The Revised Oxford Translation, ed. Thales to Aristotle , New York: Feser, Edward [].
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Beginner's Guides Reprint ed. A match, for example, reliably generates flame and heat when struck, and never say frost and cold, or the smell of lilacs, or thunder. The match is 'directed towards' the production of fire and heat [ Analyses of Function and Design in Biology. University of California Press. Educational Philosophy and Theory. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Was Tinbergen an Aristotelian? Human Ethology Bulletin , 28 4 , Aristotle on Causality link to section labeled "Four Causes".
The Question Concerning Technology. Leroi, Armand Marie How Aristotle Invented Science. Australasian Journal of Philosophy.
Four causes
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