Defining the Modern Museum: A Case Study of the Challenges of Exchange (Cultural Spaces)

He also describes the benefits of work on exhibit design as a vehicle for education. Thomas Schlereth, Professor Emeritus of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame , wrote about philosophies and methods of teaching history outside the traditional classroom. In his book Artifacts and the American Past , Schlereth defines material culture study as an attempt to explain why things were made, why they took the forms they did, and what social, functional, aesthetic, or symbolic needs they serve. He advocates studying photographs, catalogues, maps and landscapes.

He suggests a variety of modes for interrogating artifacts. Gerd Koch , associated with the Ethnological Museum of Berlin , is known for his studies on the material culture of Tuvalu , [15] Kiribati [16] and the Santa Cruz Islands. Archaeology is the study of humanity through the inferential analysis of material culture to ultimately gain an understanding of the daily lives of past cultures and the overarching trend of human history.

These physical artifacts are then used to make inferences about the ephemeral aspects of culture and history. Beginning in the European Renaissance and the culture's fascination with classical antiquities, [23] the study of artifacts from long-lost cultures has produced many forms of archaeological theory , such as trans-cultural diffusion , processual archaeology , and post-processual archaeology.

Additionally, archaeological sub-disciplines have emerged within the field, including prehistoric archaeology , classical archaeology , historical archaeology , cognitive archaeology , and cultural ecology. Recently, a scientific methodology and approach to the analysis of pre-historic material culture has become prevalent with systematic excavation techniques producing detailed and precise results. Anthropology is most simply defined as the study of humans across time and space. To understand the culture in which an object is featured, an anthropologist looks at the object itself, its context, and the way that it was manufactured and used.

The first anthropologist interested in studying material culture was Lewis Henry Morgan , in the midth century. He is most known for his research on kinship and social structures, but he also studied the effect of material culture, specifically technology, on the evolution of a society. He believed that it was crucial for an anthropologist to analyze not only the physical properties of material culture but also its meanings and uses in its indigenous context to begin to understand a society. Durkheim saw material culture as one of the social facts that functions as a coercive force to maintain solidarity in a society.

In archaeology, the idea that social relations are embodied in material is well known and established, with extensive research on exchange, gift giving and objects as part of social ceremonies and events. However, in contradiction to archaeology, where scientists build on material remains of previous cultures, sociology tends to overlook the importance of material in understanding relationships and human social behavior. The social aspects in material culture include the social behavior around it: Museums and other material culture repositories, by their very nature, are often active participants in the heritage industry.

Defined as "the business of managing places that are important to an area's history and encouraging people to visit them," the heritage industry relies heavily on material culture and objects to interpret cultural heritage. The industry is fueled by a cycle of people visiting museums, historic sites, and collections to interact with ideas or physical objects of the past. In turn, the institutions profit through monetary donations or admission fees as well as the publicity that comes with word-of-mouth communications.

That relationship is controversial, as many believe that the heritage industry corrupts the meaning and importance of cultural objects. Often, scholars in the humanities take a critical view of the heritage industry, particularly heritage tourism, believing it to be a vulgar oversimplification and corruption of historic fact and importance. Others believe that the relationship and the financial stability it brings is often the element that allows curators , researchers, and directors to conserve material culture's legacy.

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Some observers advocate intentionally altering the material cultures created by current civilizations. For example, waste reduction advocates within environmentalism advocate teaching design approaches, such as cradle-to-cradle design and appropriate technology. Anti-consumerism advocates encourage consuming less thus creating fewer artifacts , engaging in more do-it-yourself projects and self-sufficiency changing the quality of artifacts produced , and localism impacts the geographic distribution and uniformity of artifacts.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The Material Culture of Multilingualism. Material Culture in America: The Journal of Economic Perspectives. Journal of Consumer Research. Do objects in a couple's home reflect couplehood? Emotion, Design and Material Culture. New York, New York: Retrieved 4 December Die Materielle Kulture der Ellice-Inseln. Museum fur Volkerkunde Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Materielle Kultur der Gilbert-Inseln.

Interviews with German anthropologists: The History of Federal German Anthropology post Retrieved 5 February An Introduction of Material Culture. Left Coast Press Inc. Theories, Methods and Practice 4th ed.

Account Options

The arguments for policy initiatives in favour of Sustainable Creative Cities also connect with moves in Europe to rethink cultural policy and the EU Agenda for Culture mainstreaming culture in all relevant policies. Good practices — themes and values A series of good practices from Asia and Europe are presented here which highlight constructive initiatives with artistic rationales that contribute to the development of sustainable creative cities. Reflecting the workshop process, a thematic approach has been adopted, although many examples demonstrate several themes. Some case studies have come from workshop participants and others were identified through wider research.

EDUCATION A focal point for the workshop is arts education, art-in-education and the added value of artistic rationality in general education, as areas requiring supportive policies. Creative education is an effective tool in sustaining creative cities. Also attracting wider attention was a focus on the city as an acoustic space. This political tool to tackle the problem of imposed noise has since been adopted by several European cities and forms part of the legacy of Linz Opened in , it is the first senior secondary school in Hong Kong devoted to creative education, acting as a cross-cultural hub for the sustainable development of creative education.

The Community Museum Project believes that a museum can be a means to represent everyday living and values. An Upcycling Workshop project in brought 30 emerging designers together to develop prototypes of upcycled designs, using distinctive Hong Kong city waste materials, such as bags made out of recycled taxi seat covers. This emphasises key values of bottom-up networking and civil society initiatives, in fostering emerging processes at the local level as well as exchanges between Asia and Europe.

Together with partners from all over the world, HkW have set themselves the goal of developing and testing new approaches to the art of survival in the 21st century. An international call resulted in 14 selected projects, all firmly anchored in the city and designed to engage with Berliners. In Jakarta, Rujak is dedicated to building a better, sustainable Jakarta and invites everyone to share ideas, actions, questions, know-how, challenges and solutions, in the belief that individual and collective action can do a lot to change the metropolis.

This highlights a key value in the balance between social inclusion and interculturality with room for tolerated discussion in the public space. Initiated in , the Anyang Public Art Project began with commissioned public artworks and has now evolved into a radical investigation into the nature of cities and public space. APAP is grounded in two principal theories of urban metaphysics: To take advantage of this creative energy, Lille was created as an ongoing programme to continue to engage residents and visitors.

Lille examines a wide range of themes: Nadarajah describes Penang as a case of multicultural reality and sustainable localism. George Town, the capital of Penang state, is a thriving city with a distinctive post-colonial urban history, a living heritage city with one of the largest surviving ensembles of pre-war buildings in South East Asia. The Sustainable Penang Initiative SPI was developed in the late s as a long-term project to establish sustainable development indicators in order to monitor development in Penang, incorporate these into the planning process and educate the public about sustainable development.

Why do museums collect? And how can they do it in an ethical, sustainable and professional way?

Community engagement has been central to the SPI, described in its launch as: The Sustainable Penang Initiative is helping to make holistic, people-centred planning a reality in the state of Penang. UBC is a voluntary, proactive network mobilising the shared potential of over member cities for democratic, economic, social, cultural and environmentally sustainable development of the Baltic Sea Region.

As an open house on sustainable urban development, UBC offers scope to profile initiatives for sustainable creative cities, through the Commission on Culture and the overarching policy commitment to sustainability. Some further resources Creating Cities: Culture, Space and Sustainability: The conference papers offer excellent further reading on the various themes of Creative Sustainable Cities and a conference review by Tom Borrup gives an interesting overview. Human Cities Festival took place in Brussels, May The concept was launched in and partners act as a network of European creative cities.

FoAM is a transdisciplinary laboratory and research group committed to developing a holistic culture, by actively propagating resilient cultural forms. FoAM's members include artists, gardeners, cooks, technologists, designers, writers and scientists from all walks of life. City Mine d is an international network of individuals and collectives involved with city and local action. By means of arts projects, campaigns and debate, City Mine d puts current themes from neighbourhood to the European level on the public and political agenda and offers a framework in which experience, contacts and information can be shared.

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It has a flexible network structure with contact hubs in Brussels, Barcelona and London. MA course at Manchester Metropolitan University, led by David Haley , and focused on issues such as Ecology, social engagement, climate change, public arts, arts in healthcare, urban design and activist arts. Sustainable Everyday Project proposes an open web platform to stimulate social conversation on possible sustainable futures.

Its publication Creative Communities is about social innovation as a driver for sustainable technological and production innovation. DESIS is a network of schools of design and other schools, institutions, companies and non-profit organisations interested in promoting and supporting design for social innovation and sustainability. The Mobile City is a research initiative and international network concerned with the role of digital technology in urban culture and urban design.



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For other resources on new media inputs and their potential in the development of sustainable creative cities, see also Living Environments and Smart Cities. ReImagining Cultural Space conference Sweden.

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Asia-Europe arts and culture agenda Kuala Lumpur interview with Sze Ying Goh. Tokyo Where do we go from here? Creative Partnerships with other sectors discussion paper. Maribor The Urban Furrows programme. View all Organisations Directory Take advantage of our directory of cultural organizations in 46 countries. Publications The Publications section offers the possibility to download the latest publications as well as link to interesting and useful online sites.

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