Kuhusu mwandishi

The contrasting yet interdependent concepts of yin and yang also symbolise harmony, with Taoist scriptures often emphasing the Yin virtues of femininity, passivity and yieldingness. Today there is also occurring in the West what Richard Jones calls "the secularization of mysticism". Zaehner distinguishes three fundamental types of mysticism, namely theistic, monistic and panenhenic "all-in-one" or natural mysticism.

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Walter Terence Stace , in his book Mysticism and Philosophy , distinguished two types of mystical experience, namely extrovertive and introvertive mysticism. Stace argues that doctrinal differences between religious traditions are inappropriate criteria when making cross-cultural comparisons of mystical experiences. This may result in different accounts of the same phenomenon. Since the 19th century, mystical experience has evolved as a distinctive concept.

It is closely related to "mysticism" but lays sole emphasis on the experiential aspect, be it spontaneous or induced by human behavior, whereas mysticism encompasses a broad range of practices aiming at a transformation of the person, not just inducing mystical experiences. William James ' The Varieties of Religious Experience is the classic study on religious or mystical experience, which influenced deeply both the academic and popular understanding of "religious experience".

Under the influence of William James' The Varieties of Religious Experience, heavily centered on people's conversion experiences, most philosophers' interest in mysticism has been in distinctive, allegedly knowledge-granting "mystical experiences. Yet, Gelman notes that so-called mystical experience is not a transitional event, as William James claimed, but an "abiding consciousness, accompanying a person throughout the day, or parts of it.

For that reason, it might be better to speak of mystical consciousness, which can be either fleeting or abiding. Most mystical traditions warn against an attachment to mystical experiences, and offer a "protective and hermeneutic framework" to accommodate these experiences. The theoretical study of mystical experience has shifted from an experiential, privatized and perennialist approach to a contextual and empirical approach.

The contextual approach, which also includes constructionism and attribution theory, takes into account the historical and cultural context. The term "mystical experience" evolved as a distinctive concept since the 19th century, laying sole emphasis on the experiential aspect, be it spontaneous or induced by human behavior.

Perennialists regard those various experience traditions as pointing to one universal transcendental reality, for which those experiences offer the proof. In this approach, mystical experiences are privatised, separated from the context in which they emerge. Zaehner, William Stace and Robert Forman. In contrast, for the past decades most scholars have favored a constructionist approach, which states that mystical experiences are fully constructed by the ideas, symbols and practices that mystics are familiar with.

Richard Jones draws a distinction between "anticonstructivism" and "perennialism": For example, a Christian can reject both constructivism and perennialism in arguing that there is a union with God free of cultural construction. Constructivism versus anticonstructivism is a matter of the nature of mystical experiences while perennialism is a matter of mystical traditions and the doctrines they espouse.

The contextual approach has become the common approach. That is, mystics project cognitive content onto otherwise ordinary experiences having a strong emotional impact. She incorporates both neurological and cultural approaches in the study of mystical experience. Neurological research takes an empirical approach, relating mystical experiences to neurological processes. The most common positions are that neurology reduces mystical experiences or that neurology is neutral to the issue of mystical cognitivity.

Interest in mystical experiences and psychedelic drugs has also recently seen a resurgence. The temporal lobe seems to be involved in mystical experiences, [web 9] [] and in the change in personality that may result from such experiences. The anterior insula may be involved in ineffability , a strong feeling of certainty which cannot be expressed in words, which is a common quality in mystical experiences.

According to Picard, this feeling of certainty may be caused by a dysfunction of the anterior insula , a part of the brain which is involved in interoception , self-reflection, and in avoiding uncertainty about the internal representations of the world by "anticipation of resolution of uncertainty or risk". A philosophical issue in the study of mysticism is the relation of mysticism to morality. Albert Schweitzer presented the classic account of mysticism and morality being incompatible.

Richard King also points to disjunction between "mystical experience" and social justice: The privatisation of mysticism — that is, the increasing tendency to locate the mystical in the psychological realm of personal experiences — serves to exclude it from political issues as social justice.

Mysticism thus becomes seen as a personal matter of cultivating inner states of tranquility and equanimity, which, rather than seeking to transform the world, serve to accommodate the individual to the status quo through the alleviation of anxiety and stress. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about mystical traditions. For mystical experience, see mystical experience. Buddhist modernism New religious movement " Spiritual but not religious " Syncretism. Mystical experience Religious experience Spiritual practice. Ego death Individuation Spiritual development Self-actualization.

Humanistic psychology Mindfulness Positive psychology Self-help Self-realization True self and false self. Mystical psychosis Cognitive science of religion Neuroscience of religion Geschwind syndrome Evolutionary psychology of religion. Moral universalism Universality Universalizability. Mysticism Nondualism Perennialism Theosophy.

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Christian contemplation and Henosis. Hesychasm , Contemplative prayer , and Apophatic theology. Religious ecstasy , Altered state of consciousness , Cognitive science of religion , Neurotheology , and Attribution psychology. Enlightenment spiritual , Divine illumination , and Subitism. Spirituality , Spiritual development , Self-realization , and Ego death. People by era or century. Aspects of meditation Orationis Formas , Christian contemplation , Christian mysticism , Mystical theology , Apophatic theology , and German mysticism.

Western esotericism , Spirituality , and New Age. Jewish mysticism and Kabbalah. Notable early Notable modern Singers.

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Sant religion , Nirguna Brahman , and Sikhism. Presectarian Buddhism , Buddhist meditation , and Subitism. Scholarly approaches of mysticism. Attribution psychology and Neurotheology. Cook's translation "way of conviction" is rendered by other translators as "way of truth. In Hinduism, in Neoplatonism, in Sufism, in Christian mysticism, in Whitmanism, we find the same recurring note, so that there is about mystical utterances an eternal unanimity which ought to make a critic stop and think, and which bring it about that the mystical classics have, as been said, neither birthday nor native land.

Margery Kempe's tears and Teresa of Avila 's ecstasies are famous examples of such mystical phenomena. But many mystics have insisted that while these experiences may be a part of the mystical state, they are not the essence of mystical experience, and some, such as Origen, Meister Eckhart, and John of the Cross, have been hostile to such psycho-physical phenomena.

It is a movement of the heart, as the individual seeks to surrender itself to ultimate Reality; it is thus about being rather than knowing. For some mystics, such as Teresa of Avila, phenomena such as visions, locutions, raptures, and so forth are by-products of, or accessories to, the full mystical experience, which the soul may not yet be strong enough to receive.

Hence these altered states are seen to occur in those at an early stage in their spiritual lives, although ultimately only those who are called to achieve full union with God will do so. Although it is difficult to differentiate which forms of experience allow such understandings, mental episodes supporting belief in "other kinds of reality" are often labeled mystical [ This factual, minimal interpretation depicts mysticism as an extreme and intense form of the insight seeking process that goes in activities such as solving theoretical problems or developing new inventions.

It is much to be hoped that it may be restored sooner or later to its old meaning, as the science or art of the spiritual life. To accomplish this, the re-formation is oriented at a mold, which represents the original shape: Different translations are possible: Waaijman points out that "spirituality" is only one term of a range of words which denote the praxis of spirituality. In his poems, proclaims over and over that, while beholding the uncreated Light, the deified man acquires the Revelation of God the Trinity.

Being in "theoria" vision of God , the saints do not confuse the hypostatic attributes. The fact that the Latin tradition came to the point of confusing these hypostatic attributes and teaching that the Holy Spirit proceeds from the Son also, shows the non-existence of empirical theology for them. Latin tradition speaks also of created grace, a fact which suggests that there is no experience of the grace of God.

For, when man obtains the experience of God, then he comes to understand well that this grace is uncreated. Without this experience there can be no genuine "therapeutic tradition. For the union with God in contemplation which is the highest object of our life he required a regular system of spiritual education beginning with baptism and passing through regulated exercises of penance and asceticism under the guidance of a director. But he had not conceived the grossly magic practices of the later Hesychasts; his ideal is still enormously more philosophical than theirs.

Both denoye the potentiality of attaining Buddhahood. The named reference ODCC was invoked but never defined see the help page. Archived from the original on Princeton University Press, From the Stone Age to the Eleusinian Mysteries. University of Chicago Press, Cited in The Art of Prayer: An Orthodox Anthology , p. Oxford University Press US, , page SUNY Press, , pp. Genesis and Development of Tantrism. Stories Of Guru Nanak. Searching for Spiritual Unity A Guide for the Perplexed, pp. Minoru Kiyota and Elvin W. In Karel Werner, ed. Tafadhali fuata maagizo ya kina katika Kituo cha usaidizi ili uweze kuhamishia faili kwenye Visomaji pepe vinavyotumika.

Vitabu Pepe vinavyofanana na hiki. Survival Thoughts for the Continually Depressed. As a writer and philosopher these many years, its been my pleasure to ponder the world in ways that most people dont have time to do. In my wanderings, I wonder if I am getting any closer to the Truth. How can any of us distinguish for sure? I suppose all we can know is that, as long as we are alive, we still have the opportunity to keep searching, while happily delving into this adventurous world of amazement, wonder and awe. Think and Grow Rich. Think and Grow Rich is a motivational personal development and self-help book written by Napoleon Hill and inspired by a suggestion from Scottish-American businessman Andrew Carnegie.

While the title implies that this book deals only with how to get rich, the author explains that the philosophy taught in the book can be used to help people succeed in all lines of work and to do or be almost anything they want. In the mind of each person on the planet, a set of notions and ideas of God or gods reside. Some of these systems are basic and simple.


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Others are highly complex and complicated. Others are much more original - eclectically piecing together many separate parts from multiple sources. And this is what makes things so interesting! Reichenstein, Die Religion der Gebildeten , p. However, it is clear from the context that Einstein was stating only that miracles cannot exist in a domain quantum mechanics where lawful rationality does not exist.

He did not claim that miracles could never exist in any domain. Indeed, Einstein clearly believed, as seen in many quotations above, that the universe was comprehensible and rational, but he also described this characteristic of the universe as a "miracle". In another example, he is quoted as claiming belief in a God, "Who reveals Himself in the lawful harmony of the world. There are only two ways to live your life. The other is as though everything is a miracle. As quoted in From Yale to Jail: We are like a little child entering a huge library.

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The walls are covered to the ceilings with books in many different tongues. The child knows that someone must have written these books. It does not know who or how. It does not understand the languages in which they are written.

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But the child notes a definite plan in the arrangement of the books - a mysterious order which it does not comprehend, but only dimly suspects. I made a mistake in selecting America as a land of freedom, a mistake I cannot repair in the balance of my life.

There is no other information in the FBI's released files as to what source attributed this statement to Einstein, and the files are full of falsehoods, including the accusation that Einstein was secretly pro-communist, when in fact he was openly so Albert Einstein Vierick Interview Common sense is actually nothing more than a deposit of prejudices laid down in the mind prior to the age of eighteen. However, this post from quoteinvestigator. Einstein" in Harper's Magazine, from May , in which Barrett wrote "But as Einstein has pointed out, common sense is actually nothing more than a deposit of prejudices laid down in the mind prior to the age of eighteen.

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In any case, the interview was republished in a book of the same title, and Einstein wrote a foreword which praised Barrett's work on the book, so it's likely he read the quote about common sense and at least had no objection to it, whether or not he recalled making the specific comment. Common sense is the collection of prejudices acquired by age eighteen. Compound interest is the most powerful force in the universe. Fairy tales and more fairy tales. Volumes , p. The story is given as follows: Motivated partly by her admiration for him, she held hopes that her son might become a scientist.

One day she asked Dr. Einstein's advice about the kind of reading that would best prepare the child for this career. To her surprise, the scientist recommended 'Fairy tales and more fairy tales. Einstein persisted, adding that creative imagination is the essential element in the intellectual equipment of the true scientist, and that fairy tales are the childhood stimulus to this quality. Found in Breaking the Magic Spell: If you want them to be very brilliant, tell them even more fairy tales. This version can be found in Usenet posts from before , like this one from If you want them to be very intelligent, read them more fairy tales.

The Scientist and the Cinema by Christopher Frayling , p. If you want them to be more intelligent, read them more fairy tales. Although similar to many of Einstein's comments about the importance of intuition and imagination, no sources for this can be found prior to The Psychology of Consciousness by Robert Evan Ornstein , p. A number of early sources from the s and s attribute it to The Intuitive Edge by Philip Goldberg , which also provides no original source. Two things are infinite: As discussed in this entry from The Quote Investigator , the earliest published attribution of a similar quote to Einstein seems to have been in Gestalt therapist Frederick S.

Perls ' book Gestalt Theory Verbatim , where he wrote on p. Einstein has proved that the universe is limited.


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  • The quote itself may be a variant of a similar quote attributed even earlier to the philosopher Ernest Renan , found for example in The Public: Volume 18 from , which says on p. Since these variants have not been found in Renan's own writings, they may represent false attributions as well. They may also be variants of an even older saying; for example, the book Des vers by Guy de Maupassant includes on p.

    The earth has its boundaries, but human stupidity is infinite! Issues — from , p. Translated to German as: Aber beim Universum bin ich mir nicht ganz sicher. Coincidence is God's way of remaining anonymous. We cannot solve the problems using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them "Einstein's famous saying in Copenhagen", as quoted in a FBIS Daily Report: East Europe 4 April , p. No original source where Einstein supposedly said this has been located, and it is absent from authoritative sources such as Calaprice, The Ultimate Quotable Einstein. Misattributed [ edit ] I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction.