Road to Fiddler's Green where they also exhibited short bursts of very rapid movement, and as the Hunter from Left 4 Dead. Spitters are types of undead that have the ability to launch toxic and caustic liquid out of their mouths to hit unsuspecting targets. The most dangerous part about a Spitter is that they have the capability to perform a ranged attack, which is something that not a lot of other types of zombies can do. Their attacks can severely burn, as well as infect, humans that are unfortunate enough to come face to face with one of these monstrosities.
A Spitter's attack is very powerful and unique. Typically, a Spitter uses congealed stomach acid or some other type of acidic liquid to attack at a medium range. Some Spitters can even launch their globs of acid the length of a football field! The way to differentiate a Spitter from any other type of zombie is that Spitters usually have tattered clothes or burned body parts from a past attack. They can also make a distinguishable gurgling sound and may have their acid dripping out of their mouths if it is in excess.
The safest way to battle a Spitter, as well as any type of zombie for that matter, is to snipe it from a far-away position so that it doesn't have the chance to retaliate. It's best to abstain from fighting at close range with Spitters, since they will undoubtedly have the opportunity to lob a nasty pile of acid right into the face of their attacker. Exploders Also called Suiciders are zombies that can either willingly explode on their target or explode when shot or attacked with a melee weapon.
Most Exploders have a build-up of explosive gas in their digestive tract, due to the constant decay of flesh and other body parts. Exploders are especially dangerous at close range because of their ability to send infectious materials and bone fragments in all directions when it's their time to go. It's best for a survivor to take out Exploders from a far range so that their explosion does not affect them. It is nearly impossible to tell an Exploder apart from a regular walker, except for the fact that Exploders may be bloated in the abdominal region.
Other than that, Exploders are nearly identical to normal zombies, which makes them all the more dangerous. In Dead Island , however, Exploders are very distinct in appearance, being quite bloated and covered with methane filled blisters. The exhibit some semblance of their former self, sometimes pleading with survivors to end their misery. Once that happened, if touched they would instantly burst, sending withered internal organs and mushy fat oozing out of its body.
Often seen in Left 4 Dead, these zombies are mutated possibly through steroids or a bodybuilding regimend during life and are strong enough to throw cars and even rip chunks of concrete out of the ground to kill survivors. If one decides to battle these zombies, proceed with either powerful or automatic firearms because they will take them out faster. Similar zombies called Rams are featured in Dead Island, as extremely muscular zombies who have been restrained in straightjackets and bite restraint by World Health Organization and Australian military personnel before exhibiting symptoms.
Armored zombies are simply types of zombie with natural or artificial armor, giving them far superior durability and resistance to attack. They can range from bloated, fat zombies, to body-armored former police, to entirely different, yet similarly-protected creatures, and generally serve as meatshields, whether intentionally or not, for the horde. One should make sure they go for any weak spots on these zombies bodies. In Dead Island, reanimated police in body armor can be found in many locations. A Melting Zombie or Blackrot Zombie , is a zombie whose decomposition cycle is at an advanced state.
As a consequence, the skin and flesh start to literally melt away from the bones. Their tend to be considerably slower, but still capable of spreading their condition. It is notable that Brooks Zombies do not degrade at this rate, they have an, as of yet, unknown defense from micro-organism based cellular degradation, and are extremely durable. In the Zombie Combat Manual , written by Roger Ma , are zombies of unknown origin, similar in many ways to the zombies created by Max Brooks. The term zombie has various alternate meanings , one notable one being a conformist, a follower, a lemming, or someone who operates at a very low level of alertness and tact Like people who are always using technology like their mobile phone, and missing what's going on around them.
The introduction of the film Shaun of the Dead portrays this connotation satirically. Zombies of Science are reanimated through a means that can be partially or superficially explained by an existing scientific concept. Most frequently, this is by way of a virus. They are the most common types of zombies, featured in many games, movies and novels, such as Max Brooks Zombies and Resident Evil.
Types of Zombies
It is noteworthy that the film adaptation of the book will feature fast zombies, instead of the more traditional slow zombies. Most Zombiepedia articles pertain to Zombies of this variety, unless otherwise specified. In the film adaptation of World War Z , the zombies notably differ from Brook's zombies in the book. They furiously and relentlessly pursue non-infected persons demonstrating notable speed and agility combined with complete disregard for self preservation.
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These zombies do not seek to consume their victims but merely attack them to spread the infection. The infection itself transforms the host from a healthy being to a full fledged undead in 12 seconds, though the incubation period may vary with reports of it taking minutes for persons to turn. These zombies are may be true "undead" rather than just "infected" living persons, the disease killing then reanimating the hosts.
These zombies are extremely dangerous both individually and nearly unstoppable as a group, but go "dormant" when no uninfected individuals are nearby. They howl, growl, and scream and demonstrate uncoordinated movements when not in relentless pursuit of prey.
Cordyceps zombies known as the "infected" are human victims of a strain of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis , a parasitic fungus that affects insects, changing their behavior in ways intended to foster the spread of the disease. In the video game and film The Last of Us and The Girl With All The Gifts, a species of cordyceps begins to infect humans changing their behavior and eventually their physiology to spread the fungal infection.
There are four stages of infection.
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When the host is initially infected from a bite or inhalation of spores, they have days or hours before the first symptoms set in. The first stage of the infection turns the victims into a "runner" as the fungus drives its victim into a homicidal rage, causing them to begin attacking all non-infected persons. At this point the victims still appear fully human but have diminished eyesight as the fungus begins to grow in the ocular cavity. Runners demonstrate jerky, uncoordinated movement and mutter or scream gibberish. As the disease progresses, the fungus begins growing into more parts of the body, especially the head, by this point, the victim is half blind, and begins using echolocation to find its victims, this one is particularly known for stalking their prey, hence their name, Stalkers, being the fastest of the four, they are able to spot a human before a runner even has the chance, although they are extremely rare.
In stage three, the victim begins growing more of the fungus, eventually becoming blind, these are known as 'clickers' as the sound they make when using echolocation, these clickers are very strong, as their limits have been reduced to nothing, when angered, it will begin screeching and flailing its arms while running at the target, they are known for being able to overpower physically fit adults. The final stage of the disease results in the body being covered in fungal growths, expanding the host's mass thus turning them into a "bloater". These are terrifying beings and are particularly difficult to kill.
Once the fungus senses that the host will die, it directs its victims to find a dark and damp place where the fungus will release its spores. Densely populated urban areas are most susceptible to infection with victims either becoming infected through inhalation of the spores or encountering one of the ravenous and violent infected. Cordyceps zombies, while particularly hardy and relentless in their pursuit of prey, are still living beings and are vulnerable to body shots as well as head shots.
Radioactive Zombies are extremely dangerous to all forms of life. Provided that their radioactivity doesn't wreak havoc on their ability to function, they are one of the deadliest members of the undead that a survivor could face.
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They can carry their radioactivity with them wherever they go and contaminate water sources, cultivatable land, and even humans and animals that come in contact with them. Their aura of death will not affect them, but can be spread to different places, depending on where the zombie wanders off to. The most dangerous factor about radioactive Zombies is that the survivor probably won't be able to notice that they have been contaminated by radioactivity until it is too late. Radioactive zombies probably died near a nuclear power plant that had melted down or survived a nuclear explosion that had left unstable energy lingering around the blast radius.
In a series of novels, William Bebb has created a hybrid zombie which takes elements of the infected living zombies AND the generally more accepted undead variety. An employee died at Beaumont and was exposed to something uniquely disturbing. Rather than contact authorities a decision was made to simply get rid of the corpse. When the corpse reanimates it's a traditional slow walker that carries a viral component that later will be named after the biochemical plant manager that started the whole mess- KECK.
When regular people are infected with the Keck virus, within a brief span of time, they become the fast type of zombie. Once killed the infected variety reanimate as the undead- unless killed by having the brain destroyed. Zack Snyder's popular Dawn of the Dead remake includes fast zombies that are quite dead and still require the requisite head shot to put down for good as in the George Romero original film of the same name. Snyder also clearly showed that in his movie that infection caused zombification. These zombies vary from other zombies as not just humans become infected, but animals and plants as well.
In the spin off "Operation Raccoon City" the Zombies will eat other Zombies if there is no other food source around, however should a human turn up while this is happening the Zombies will instead focus on the human rather than the Zombie they're eating.
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This shows a preference for fresh human flesh. They are mutated humans, whose attributes remind of zombies. A person mutates into a "zombie" if one of three scenarios happen: This special mix of Utopium was only available on the boat party sponsored by Max Rager. The mix of the drug and the energy drink turns you immediately into a "Romero". The scratch of the fingernails turns you into an average zombie, though you're not really a "zombie". Your heartbeat beats once every six seconds because of which your body loses it's colour pigments.
When they do, they take on the traits of the person whose brain they ate. They also get "visions", which are memories of the eaten brain. The visions and the adoption of character traits stop as soon as the brain is isn't in the stomach anymore. There are two different types of zombies in the show: When they get an adrenalin kick, they automatically turn into "Full-On Zombie Mode", meaning their skin becomes a light purple, the veins around their eyes bulb and their eyes turn blood red.
In full-on zombie mode, a person usually doesn't have control over itself. In this state it behaves a lot like classic movie zombies. They're also a lot stronger and have a longer durability, though not inhuman-like. When not in Full-On Zombie Mode, they behave like normal humans because, well It is unknown so far if it's possible to heal the zombie "virus". Many test versions of anti-serums were already tested and some even seemed to work for a while, although only with dramatic consequences like death and complete amnesia. They look like typical zombies as seen in Romeros' movies. They can't remember who they are and behave completely like a wild monster.
They attack humans at first sight and eat their brains ONLY the brains. A Romero can't be cured because it's body is already rotting and falling apart. Normal zombies that go too long without eating human brains at most, several months will degenerate into feral "Romero" zombies. Moreover, this change is irreversible: Also, like stated by Ravi Chackrabat, the virus is not spreaded among the specimen, as he was bitten in his finger by a zombie mouse and didn't transform into a zombie later. Teenage delinquent Angel Crawford lives with her redneck father in the swamps of southern Louisiana.
She's a high school dropout, addicted to drugs and alcohol, and has a police record a mile long. But when she's made into a zombie after a car crash, her addictions disappear, except for her all-consuming need to stay "alive". See also Redneck Zombies Troma film. The Crazies are extremely rare infected who have been infected with a ' Rhabdoviridae Prototype ' Bio-warfare agent called Trixie that drives them murderously insane after catching it.
They are unique in that after becoming infected, they gain the homicidal and irrational drive of a Zombie, but do not lose any of their intellect, memories, use of weapons and tools, or coordination - they simply become entirely devoted to killing any non Crazy. It is for this reasons that most Zombie researchers do not classify Crazies as Zombies. The Crazies have been known to stand still like a statue, holding their positions, lying in wait for the uninfected. Trixie kills its host after 48 hours. This specific type of zombies refers to the zombies from Treyarch's Call of Duty: World at War, Call of Duty: Black Ops and Call of Duty: Black Ops 2 Zombies game mode.
Element also seems to infect dogs and it is also observed that this element enables the zombie to mutate and grow stronger than before. There are also Nova 6 crawler zombies that were failed experiments by Doctor Maxis. They explode into a cloud of toxic Nova 6 when shot unless killed with a clean shot to the head or stabbed to death.
Outside of COD, Nazi Zombies, and different variations thereof, appear in a number of films, including:. A number of other films feature Nazi zombies with capabilities beyond those of conventional zombies, these include:. Davis also popularized the story of Clairvius Narcisse , who was claimed to have succumbed to this practice. The most ethically questioned and least scientifically explored ingredient of the powders, is part of a recently buried child's brain. The psychosis induced by the drug and psychological trauma was hypothesised by Davis to reinforce culturally learned beliefs and to cause the individual to reconstruct their identity as that of a zombie, since they "knew" they were dead, and had no other role to play in the Haitian society.
Societal reinforcement of the belief was hypothesized by Davis to confirm for the zombie individual the zombie state, and such individuals were known to hang around in graveyards, exhibiting attitudes of low affect. Davis's claim has been criticized, particularly the suggestion that Haitian witch doctors can keep "zombies" in a state of pharmacologically induced trance for many years.
According to psychologist Terence Hines , the scientific community dismisses tetrodotoxin as the cause of this state, and Davis' assessment of the nature of the reports of Haitian zombies is viewed as overly credulous. Laing highlighted the link between social and cultural expectations and compulsion, in the context of schizophrenia and other mental illness, suggesting that schizogenesis may account for some of the psychological aspects of zombification.
Roland Littlewood , professor of anthropology and psychiatry, published a study supporting a social explanation of the zombie phenomenon in the medical journal The Lancet in I came to the conclusion that although it is unlikely that there is a single explanation for all cases where zombies are recognised by locals in Haiti, the mistaken identification of a wandering mentally ill stranger by bereaved relatives is the most likely explanation in many cases.
People with a chronic schizophrenic illness, brain damage or learning disability are not uncommon in rural Haiti, and they would be particularly likely to be identified as zombies. Pulliam and Fonseca and Walz trace the zombie lineage back to ancient Mesopotamia.
If you do not open the gate for me to come in, I shall smash the door and shatter the bolt, I shall smash the doorpost and overturn the doors, I shall raise up the dead and they shall eat the living: And the dead shall outnumber the living! She repeats this same threat in a slightly modified form in the Epic of Gilgamesh. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley , while not a zombie novel in particular, prefigures many 20th-century ideas about zombies in that the resurrection of the dead is portrayed as a scientific process rather than a mystical one, and that the resurrected dead are degraded and more violent than their living selves.
Frankenstein , published in , has its roots in European folklore, [44] whose tales of vengeful dead also informed the evolution of the modern conception of the vampire. Though their works could not be properly considered zombie fiction, the supernatural tales of Bierce and Poe would prove influential on later writers such as H. Lovecraft , by Lovecraft's own admission. In the s and early s, the American horror author H. Lovecraft wrote several novellae that explored the undead theme. Notably, the resurrected dead are uncontrollable, mostly mute, primitive and extremely violent; though they are not referred to as zombies, their portrayal was prescient, anticipating the modern conception of zombies by several decades.
Romero would later claim as an influence. Richard Matheson 's novel I Am Legend , although classified as a vampire story would nonetheless have definitive impact on the zombie genre by way of George A. The novel and its film adaptation, The Last Man on Earth , which concern a lone human survivor waging war against a world of vampires, would by Romero's own admission greatly influence his low-budget film Night of the Living Dead ; [48] [49] a work that would prove to be more influential on the concept of zombies than any literary or cinematic work before it.
Films featuring zombies have been a part of cinema since the s, with White Zombie directed by Victor Halperin in being one of the earliest examples. Romero's Night of the Living Dead , the zombie trope began to be increasingly linked to consumerism and consumer culture. Voodoo-related zombie themes have also appeared in espionage or adventure themed works outside the horror genre.
For example, the original " Jonny Quest " series and the James Bond novel and movie Live and Let Die both feature Caribbean villains who falsely claim the voodoo power of zombification in order to keep others in fear of them. The modern conception of the zombie owes itself almost entirely to George A.
Romero 's film Night of the Living Dead. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times chided theater owners and parents who allowed children access to the film. There was almost complete silence. The movie had stopped being delightfully scary about halfway through, and had become unexpectedly terrifying.
There was a little girl across the aisle from me, maybe nine years old, who was sitting very still in her seat and crying. Romero's reinvention of zombies is notable in terms of its thematics; he used zombies not just for their own sake, but as a vehicle "to criticize real-world social ills—such as government ineptitude, bioengineering, slavery, greed and exploitation—while indulging our post-apocalyptic fantasies".
Its first sequel, Dawn of the Dead , was released in Lucio Fulci 's Zombi 2 was released just months after Dawn of the Dead as an ersatz sequel Dawn of the Dead was released in several other countries as Zombi or Zombie. The film Hell of the Living Dead referenced a mutagenic gas as a source of zombie contagion: Return of the Living Dead featured zombies that hungered specifically for brains.
The mids produced few zombie films of note. Perhaps the most notable entry, The Evil Dead series, while highly influential are not technically zombie films but films about demonic possession , despite the presence of the undead. After the mids, the subgenre was mostly relegated to the underground. Several years later, zombies experienced a renaissance in low-budget Asian cinema, with a sudden spate of dissimilar entries including Bio Zombie , Wild Zero , Junk , Versus and Stacy There are not many Japanese films related to what may be considered in the West as a zombie film.
The turn of the millennium coincided with a decade of box-office successes in which the zombie subgenre experienced a resurgence: The new interest allowed Romero to create the fourth entry in his zombie series: Land of the Dead , released in the summer of Romero returned to the series with the films Diary of the Dead and Survival of the Dead In , the AMC series The Walking Dead had the highest audience ratings in the United States for any show on broadcast or cable with an average of 5.
Intimately tied to the concept of the modern zombie is the "zombie apocalypse"; the breakdown of society as a result of an initial zombie outbreak that spreads. This archetype has emerged as a prolific subgenre of apocalyptic fiction and has been portrayed in many zombie-related media after Night of the Living Dead.
Victims of zombies may become zombies themselves. This causes the outbreak to become an exponentially growing crisis: Possible causes for zombie behavior in a modern population can be attributed to viruses, bacteria or other phenomena that reduce the mental capacity of humans causing them to behave in a very primitive and destructive fashion. The usual subtext of the zombie apocalypse is that civilization is inherently vulnerable to the unexpected, and that most individuals if desperate enough cannot be relied on to comply with the author's ethos. The narrative of a zombie apocalypse carries strong connections to the turbulent social landscape of the United States in the s, when Night of the Living Dead provided an indirect commentary on the dangers of conformity, a theme also explored in the novel The Body Snatchers and associated film Invasion of the Body Snatchers Due to a large number of thematic films and video games, the idea of a zombie apocalypse has entered the mainstream, and many fans have begun making efforts to prepare for the hypothetical future zombie apocalypse.
Such efforts include creating weapons and selling educational material informing people how to survive a zombie outbreak; while most of these are tongue-in-cheek and do not represent an authentic belief that a zombie apocalypse in the near future is likely, [74] [75] the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC have used the fictional scenario to demonstrate survival and emergency-preparedness techniques that may be useful in a "real-world" setting. The stories usually follow a single group of survivors, caught up in the sudden rush of the crisis.
The narrative generally progresses from the onset of the zombie plague, then initial attempts to seek the aid of authorities, the failure of those authorities, through to the sudden catastrophic collapse of all large-scale organization and the characters' subsequent attempts to survive on their own. Such stories are often squarely focused on the way their characters react to such an extreme catastrophe, and how their personalities are changed by the stress, often acting on more primal motivations fear, self-preservation than they would display in normal life.
There has been a growth in the number of zombie manga in the last decade, and in a list of "10 Great Zombie Manga", Anime News Network 's Jason Thompson placed I Am a Hero at number 1, considering it "probably the greatest zombie manga ever". In second place was Living Corpse and in third, Biomega , which he called "the greatest science-fiction virus zombie manga ever". Artist Jillian McDonald has made several works of video art involving zombies, and exhibited them in her show, "Horror Make-Up," which debuted on 8 September at Art Moving Projects, a gallery in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
Artist Karim Charredib has dedicated his work to the zombie figure. In , he made a video installation at villa Savoye called "Them!!! Zombies are a popular theme for video games, particularly of, but not limited to, the stealth , survival horror , first-person shooter and role-playing game genres. PopCap Games ' Plants vs. Zombies , a humorous tower defense game, was an indie hit in , featuring in several best-of lists at the end of that year.
The massively multiplayer online role-playing game Urban Dead , a free grid-based browser game where zombies and survivors fight for control of a ruined city, is one of the most popular games of its type. DayZ , a zombie-based survival horror mod for ArmA 2 , was responsible for over , unit sales of its parent game within two months of its release.
Zombie 101: English professor to speak on zombies, horror
Romero would later opine that he believes that much of the 21st century obsessions with Zombies can be traced more towards video games than films, Noting that it was not until the film Zombieland that a Zombie film was able to grose more the million. Outside of video games, zombies frequently appear in trading card games , such as Magic: The Gathering or Yu-Gi-Oh! The game Humans vs. Zombies is a zombie-themed live-action game played on college campuses.
Writing for Scientific American , Kyle Hill praised the game The Last of Us for the game's plausibility, which based its zombie enemies on a fictional strain of the Cordyceps fungus, which has real-world parasitic properties. Zombie Apocalypse providing tips to survive a zombie invasion as a "fun new way of teaching the importance of emergency preparedness".
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It uses these to underscore the value of laying in water, food, medical supplies, and other necessities in preparation for any and all potential disasters , be they hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, or hordes of zombies. Do they run faster in warmer temperatures? Do they freeze if it gets too cold?
Michael Jackson 's music video Thriller , in which he dances with a troop of zombies, has been preserved as a cultural treasure by the Library of Congress' National Film Registry. The Brooklyn hip hop trio Flatbush Zombies incorporate many tropes from zombie fiction and play on the theme of a zombie apocalypse in their music. They portray themselves as "living dead", describing their use of psychedelics such as LSD and psilocybin mushrooms as having caused them to experience ego death and rebirth.
In the s, zombie fiction emerged as a distinct literary subgenre, with the publication of Book of the Dead and its follow-up Still Dead: Featuring Romero-inspired stories from the likes of Stephen King , the Book of the Dead compilations are regarded as influential in the horror genre and perhaps the first true "zombie literature". Horror novelist Stephen King has written about zombies including his short story " Home Delivery " and his novel Cell concerning a struggling young artist on a trek from Boston to Maine in hopes of saving his family from a possible worldwide outbreak of zombie-like maniacs.
Zombies are slate wipers. Martin's Press stated "In the world of traditional horror, nothing is more popular right now than zombies The living dead are here to stay. The zombie also appears as a metaphor in protest songs, symbolizing mindless adherence to authority, particularly in law enforcement and the armed forces. Why are we so fascinated with it? The talk will not only dive into the complex history of zombies, but also focus on the present and even what the future holds for zombies. Jones said zombies have come a long way in 50 years.
The genre has evolved to now include many different types of zombies. There is the Rage Zombie, which is the fast zombie. Although the popular idea of zombies has only been around for 50 years, there seems to be plenty of history. There are also some rules to follow when it comes to zombie content creation.