HISTORY, a collection of essays intended to guide undergraduate and graduate students through the process of identifying new and unique primary sources. Editors Claire Strom and Annabel Tudor brought together a number of articles from the pages of Agricultural History to demonstrate how students may draw on vastly different kinds of historical sources in their work, from material culture of artifacts to statues and cookbooks. Other essays explain how students might glean new perspectives from more traditional print sources by looking beyond what is simply written on the page to tease out historical relationships not immediately revealed through reading.
The collection as a whole encourages students to think broadly about primary sources and shows the creative reading can expose new perspectives on agricultural, and, more broadly, U. Essays from the Agricultural History Society is available today in paperback and Kindle versions on Amazon. The symposium will connect the history of science and technology to this wider Midwest history, while bringing Midwestern history into conversations about American science and technology often dominated by coastal case-studies.
Dawn of agriculture
Organizers welcome paper proposals that engage with one, or more, of the directions below or related themes: Participants will be asked to pre-circulate their papers before the symposium to facilitate discussion. Graduate students are welcome to apply. Some funding is available to paper presenters to help offset the costs of lodging and travel to the symposium, which will be held at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa.
Organizers aim to follow the symposium by pursuing opportunities for publishing the polished research papers as an edited volume, in academic journals, or other avenues for dissemination. To propose a contribution, please send an abstract no longer than words and a CV to Amy Bix at abix iastate. Applicants can expect to hear back from the conference committee by December 1, Participants will need to prepare papers for pre-circulation by March 1, If you have any questions, please email Amy Bix at abix iastate. At the conclusion of the residency the fellowship recipient will provide a final report to the dean, including a bibliography of research pursued, and preservation recommendations for pertinent library and archival holdings.
In addition, the recipient will be invited to give a public presentation on their research at a later date. Research projects should be intended for publication. Relevant historical subject areas may include, but are not limited to: We welcome applications in which the historical subject area may inform the investigation of contemporary societal issues.
The deadline for receipt of all application materials is Friday, March 1, For additional information, see: Land, Race, and Identity: The conference will mark several major anniversaries, including the bicentennial of the formation of Arkansas Territory and the centennial of the Elaine Race Massacre. We seek presentations on a broad array of topics from all time periods that illuminate how the land—and ideas about it—have intersected with various identities, including race, to help shape the history of Arkansas.
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Presentations will be limited to twenty minutes. The use of audio-visual elements is encouraged. Please send proposals of approximately words to: Blake Perkins, program chair 56 McClellan Dr. Proposals may be submitted by email. Please contact the program chair with any questions. Ag History Needs Your Help The Agricultural History Society seeks three members to work as part of an ad hoc committee to design a membership survey, analyze results, and recommend actions in response to findings. The work will occur during Fall with findings tabulated during January Please contact Debra A.
Reid at debrar thehenryford. His work for the government built upon his dissertation, which examined efforts to eradicate the boll weevil in the South. More than an historian of government policy, he wrote about how the personalities of scientists or bureaucrats shaped their missions—whether to help poor farmers in the South or to protect the environment. He introduced readers to the leaders in environmental protection: Hugh Hammond Bennett and Walter Lowdermilk. Like Helms, both came from North Carolina.
Bennett led federal efforts to help farmers fight soil erosion; Lowdermilk inspired conservation efforts by writing about the plight of farmers around the world.
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- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Other Wr - Washington Irving?
- Ubu enchainé (French Edition).
Helms tacked a wide variety of other topics, including how women and African-Americans struggled to obtain services from the federal government. The Society Office James C.
Organic agriculture: deeply rooted in science and ecology | Grist
Giesen, Executive Secretary JGiesen history. For technical problems, contact the Help Desk or send an email to helpdesk msstate. An ox-drawn plow prepares a rice paddy field in Vietnam. The plow and the various improvements upon its design were innovations that transformed human history, allowing farmers to cultivate land with a fraction of the labor they once used. Pulled by animals or tractors, plows are used to turn over the top layer of soil, helping destroy weeds, bury residues from previous crops, bring nutrients and moisture to the surface, and loosen soil before planting.
Grave chamber of an Egyptian public official, circa BCE. The plow is believed to have been used as early as 4, years ago in ancient Egypt.
Although it brought tremendous gains in short-term productivity, it has also been a major contributor to soil erosion. The loss of fertile topsoil has played a role in the decline of numerous civilizations. Farming probably involved more work than hunting and gathering, but it is thought to have provided 10 to times more calories per acre. Small settlements grew into towns, and towns grew into cities. Agriculture produced enough food that people became free to pursue interests other than worrying about what they were going to eat that day.
Organic agriculture: deeply rooted in science and ecology
Hunting, gathering, and farming, however, can complement one another in ways that provide people with a more varied and abundant food supply. People still harvest aquatic plants and animals from the sea, for example, and even urban dwellers might find edible berries, greens, and mushrooms in their local park. Depleted farmland and a changing climate set the stage for periodic famines throughout much of Europe from to Image attributed to Michael Wolgemut, Agriculture may have made civilizations possible, but it has never been a safeguard against their collapse.
- History of Agriculture - Food Production - Food System Primer - Johns Hopkins University.
- Agricultural History Society.
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Throughout history, increases in agricultural productivity competed against population growth, resource degradation, droughts, changing climates, and other forces that periodically crippled food supplies, with the poor bearing the brunt of famine. Like many of their modern counterparts, early farmers often worked land in ways that depleted its fertility. Technological innovations like irrigation circa BCE and the plow circa BCE brought enormous gains in productivity, but when used irresponsibly they degraded soil—the very foundation that makes agriculture possible. By , economist Thomas Malthus warned that unchecked population growth would outpace food production, setting the stage for widespread starvation.
In , economist Thomas Malthus warned that unchecked population growth would outpace food production, setting the stage for widespread starvation. Application of anhydrous ammonia synthetic nitrogen fertilizer at planting time on an Iowa farm. Synthetic fertilizers are manufactured using a technique that transforms nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form that can be applied to crops ammonia. Freight train carrying grain across Washington state. Beyond synthetic fertilizers, other innovations in food production and distribution helped food supplies keep pace with population growth.
Expanded railways, shipping canals, and new machinery for storing and moving grain made it easier to transport food to where it was most needed. From to , the global population grew from 1.
Still, the sheer volume of production dwarfs that of earlier generations. What has made such unprecedented abundance possible? Innovations in food production and distribution have thus far helped food supplies keep pace with population growth. Crops indigenous to the Americas, such as corn, sweet potatoes, and cassava, spread across the globe. The nutrients provided by these prolific crops helped prevent malnutrition, supporting a widespread increase in population over the 18 th century.
Of all the innovations in agriculture, arguably none has been more influential than synthetic fertilizers—chemicals manufactured using a technique that transforms nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form that can be applied to crops ammonia. The following list of suggested resources is intended as a starting point for further exploration, and is not in any way comprehensive.
The Erosion of Civilizations.
Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press; The Earth and Its Peoples: A Global History, Volume I. Population Growth and Technological Change: Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York, New York: Norton and Company; Evolution, consequences and future of plant and animal domestication.
Macronutrient contributions of insects to the diets of hunter-gatherers: